间作模式下玉米/大豆的根系特征及其与团聚体稳定性的关系
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摘要
通过玉米单作、大豆单作和玉米大豆间作种植,利用WINRHIZ软件分析不同种植模式下0—10cm,10—20cm,20—30cm不同深度土层的作物根系的根系密度、根长、根表面积等根系特征指标,并采用湿筛法对各个土层团聚体稳定性进行分析,研究根系特征对团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明:单间作条件下,玉米和大豆的根系密度、根长、根表面积、根长密度、根体积等随着土层深度的增加而减少,间作模式下根系密度、根体积在0—10cm土层分别比单作增加了14.79%和11.74%。间作模式下各土层团聚体平均重量直径和平均几何直径显著高于单作模式,团聚体破坏率、可蚀性因子K值、分形维数(D)显著小于单作模式,0—10cm土层差异表现为极显著,充分说明间作模式下团聚稳定性优于单作模式。且以上指标在0—10cm土层内差异最显著,随土层深度增加差异呈减小趋势;通过相关性分析,团聚体破坏率与根体积,根尖数呈显著负相关,与根长,根表面积,根长密度,根杈数极显著相关,说明根长、根长密度、根表面积和根杈对提高团聚体稳定性具有一定作用。因此,间作模式可通过增大根表面积、根长等改变根系特征,从而提高土壤团聚体稳定性。
The field experiment with three planting patterns,including maize monoculture,soybean monoculture,and maize and soybean intercropping,was carried out to study the effects of crop root on soil aggregate stability.Root density,root length,root surface area and other root characteristics in 0—10 cm,10—20 cm and 20—30 cm soil layers were analyzed under different planting patterns by WINRHIZO.The stability of soil aggregates in each soil layer was analyzed by wet sieve method.The results showed that the root characteristic indexes of all three planting patterns decreased with the increase of soil depth;in 0—10 cm soil layer,the root density and root volume of intercropping were 14.79% and 11.74% higher than those of monocultures,respectively;mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric diameter(GMD)in each soil layer were higher in intercropping pattern than those in monocultures,while percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD),soil erodibility(K),fractal dimension(D)werelower,especially in 0—10 cm,indicating that structure soil aggregates were more stale in intercropping pattern;the correlation analysis showed that PAD was significantly negatively correlated with root volume and root tip numbers,extremely significantly correlated with root length,root surface area,root length density,and root branch number.These results indicated that root length,root length density,root surface area and root branch number may improve soil aggregate stability.It is concluded that intercropping can significantly improve the root surface area,root length and so on,and thus improve the stability of soil aggregates.
The field experiment with three planting patterns,including maize monoculture,soybean monoculture,and maize and soybean intercropping,was carried out to study the effects of crop root on soil aggregate stability.Root density,root length,root surface area and other root characteristics in 0—10 cm,10—20 cm and 20—30 cm soil layers were analyzed under different planting patterns by WINRHIZO.The stability of soil aggregates in each soil layer was analyzed by wet sieve method.The results showed that the root characteristic indexes of all three planting patterns decreased with the increase of soil depth;in 0—10 cm soil layer,the root density and root volume of intercropping were 14.79% and 11.74% higher than those of monocultures,respectively;mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric diameter(GMD)in each soil layer were higher in intercropping pattern than those in monocultures,while percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD),soil erodibility(K),fractal dimension(D)werelower,especially in 0—10 cm,indicating that structure soil aggregates were more stale in intercropping pattern;the correlation analysis showed that PAD was significantly negatively correlated with root volume and root tip numbers,extremely significantly correlated with root length,root surface area,root length density,and root branch number.These results indicated that root length,root length density,root surface area and root branch number may improve soil aggregate stability.It is concluded that intercropping can significantly improve the root surface area,root length and so on,and thus improve the stability of soil aggregates.
引文
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[16]孙一惠,马岚,张栋,等.2种扦插护岸植物根系对土壤结构的改良效应[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(7):54-61.
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[19]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.
[20]苑亚茹,韩晓增,李禄军,等.低分子量根系分泌物对土壤微生物活性及团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):96-99.
[2] Barthès B,Roose E.Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion;validation at several levels[J].Catena,2002,47(2):133-149.
[3] Rachman A,Anderson S H,Gantzer C J,et al.Influence of long-term cropping systems on soil physical properties related to soil erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(2):637-644.
[4]卢金伟,李占斌.土壤团聚体研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1):81-85.
[5]王清奎,汪思龙.土壤团聚体形成与稳定机制及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):415-421.
[6] Chen J J,He B H,Wang X Y,et al.The effects of herba and rographitis hedgerows on soil erodibility and fractal features on sloping cropland in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Environmental Science and Pollusion Research,2013,20(1):7063-7070.
[7]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216.
[8]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.
[9]李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.
[10]韩凤朋,郑纪勇,张兴昌.黄土退耕坡地植物根系分布特征及其对土壤养分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):50-55.
[11]吕刚,魏忠平,高英旭,等.不同土地利用类型植物根系与土壤抗蚀性关系研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):111-115.
[12]刘定辉,李勇.植物根系提高土壤抗侵蚀性机理研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):34-37.
[13]马志鹏,范茂攀,陈小强,等.间作模式下作物根系与坡耕地红壤抗蚀性的关系[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):68-73.
[14]李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4696-4704.
[15]王小红,杨智杰,刘小飞,等.天然林转换成人工林对土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):177-182.
[16]孙一惠,马岚,张栋,等.2种扦插护岸植物根系对土壤结构的改良效应[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(7):54-61.
[17]郑子成,李廷轩,张锡洲,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体的组成及稳定性研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):228-231.
[18]由政,姚旭,景航,等.不同演替阶段群落根系分布与土壤团聚体特征的协同变化[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):20-25.
[19]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.
[20]苑亚茹,韩晓增,李禄军,等.低分子量根系分泌物对土壤微生物活性及团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):96-99.