财税政策对战略性新兴产业创新效率的激励效应分析
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摘要
战略性新兴产业具有正外部性和不确定性,税收优惠、财政补贴等财税政策是政府干预经济的主要手段。文章实证研究发现,税收优惠、财政补贴政策两者之间的激励效应和作用机理差异明显,对不同行业的激励效应也不尽相同。上市公司层面分析发现,税收优惠政策不仅显著激励了企业创新,还通过显著增加企业研发资金和研发人员间接激励企业创新,财政补贴政策显著抑制了企业创新,但通过显著增加企业研发资金间接激励企业创新;行业层面分析发现,税收优惠对战略性新兴产业中信息技术行业有显著地促进作用,财政补贴对战略性新兴产业中新材料行业有显著地抑制作用。因而,要增强税收优惠、财政补贴政策对战略性新兴产业的激励效应,应加大税收优惠力度,增强战略性新兴产业获益能力;调整财政补贴方向,提高财政补贴效率;并采取差异化政策,提高政策精准性。
Strategic emerging industries have positive externalities and uncertainties,tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies are the main means by which the government intervenes in the economy.This paper makes an empirical study and finds that the incentive effects and the mechanism between tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies are obviously different,and the incentive effects are also different for different industries.From the listed company level,tax incentives not only significantly stimulate corporate innovation,but also indirectly stimulate corporate innovation by significantly increasing corporate R&D funds and R&D personnel.Fiscal subsidy policies significantly inhibit corporate innovation,but indirectly encourage corporate innovation by significantly increasing corporate R&D funds;From the industry perspective,tax incentives have a significant role in promoting the information technology industry in strategic emerging industries,fiscal subsidies have a significant inhibitory effect on the new materials industry in strategic emerging industries.Therefore,tax incentives should be stepped up to enhance the profitability of strategic emerging industries in order to enhance the incentive effects of tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies on strategic emerging industries.The direction of fiscal subsidies should be adjusted to improve the efficiency of financial subsidies.And the differentiated policies should be adopted to improve the policy accuracy.
Strategic emerging industries have positive externalities and uncertainties,tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies are the main means by which the government intervenes in the economy.This paper makes an empirical study and finds that the incentive effects and the mechanism between tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies are obviously different,and the incentive effects are also different for different industries.From the listed company level,tax incentives not only significantly stimulate corporate innovation,but also indirectly stimulate corporate innovation by significantly increasing corporate R&D funds and R&D personnel.Fiscal subsidy policies significantly inhibit corporate innovation,but indirectly encourage corporate innovation by significantly increasing corporate R&D funds;From the industry perspective,tax incentives have a significant role in promoting the information technology industry in strategic emerging industries,fiscal subsidies have a significant inhibitory effect on the new materials industry in strategic emerging industries.Therefore,tax incentives should be stepped up to enhance the profitability of strategic emerging industries in order to enhance the incentive effects of tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies on strategic emerging industries.The direction of fiscal subsidies should be adjusted to improve the efficiency of financial subsidies.And the differentiated policies should be adopted to improve the policy accuracy.
引文
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[15]孙伯灿,陈卫东,范柏乃.中国高新技术产业税收优惠政策实证研究[J].浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版,2001(6):58-66.
[16]储德银,纪凡,杨珊.财政补贴、税收优惠与战略性新兴产业专利产出[J].税务研究,2017(4):99-104.
[17]UTTERBACK J,ABERNATHY W J.A Dynamic Model of Process and Product Innovation[J].The International Journal of Management Science,1975,3(6):639-656.
[18]KLEPPER S.Entry,Exit,Growth,and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle[J].American Economic Review,1996,86(3):562-583.
[19]余泳泽,刘大勇.我国区域创新效率的空间外溢效应与价值链外溢效应---创新价值链视角下的多维空间面板模型研究[J].管理世界,2013(7):6-20.
[20]白俊红,蒋伏心.考虑环境因素的区域创新效率研究---基于三阶段DEA方法[J].财贸经济,2011(10):104-112.
[21]邓子基,杨志宏.财税政策激励企业技术创新的理论与实证分析[J].财贸经济,2011(5):5-10.
[22]唐清泉,卢珊珊,李懿东.企业成为创新主体与R&D补贴的政府角色定位[J].中国软科学,2008(6):88-98.
[23]魏志华,吴育辉,曾爱民.寻租、财政补贴与公司成长性---来自新能源概念类上市公司的实证证据[J].经济管理,2015(1):1-11.
[2]DOSI G.Technological Paradigm and Technological Trajectory:A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change[J].Research Policy,1982,11(3):147-162.
[3]FREEMAN C.Innovation,Changes of Techno-Economic Paradigm and Biological Analogies in Economics[J].Revue economics,1991,42(2):211-231.
[4]SCHUMPETER J A.The Theory of Economic Development:An Inquiry into Profits,Capital,Credit,Interest and the Business Cycle[M].London:Transaction Publishers,1934.
[5]TASSEY G.Underinvestment in Public Good Technologies[J].Journal of Technology Transfer,2004,30(1/2):89-113.
[6]CLARYSSE B,WEIGHT M,MUSTAR P.Behavioural Additionality of R&D Subsidies:A Learning Perspective[J].Research Policy,2009,38:1517-1533.
[7]NEARY J P.Pitfalls in the Theory of International Trade Policy:Concertina Refoncs of Tariffs,and Subsidies to HighTechnology Industries[J].Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1998,100(1):187-206.
[8]何涛.中国促进战略性新兴产业发展的财税政策探讨[J].改革与战略,2014,30(2):58-61.
[9]PORTER M E.The competitive advantage of nations[M].New York:Free Press,1990.
[10]钟清流.战略性新兴产业发展的动力机制[J].经济导刊,2010,(9):24-25.
[11]陈远燕.财政补贴、税收优惠与企业研发投入---基于非上市公司20万户企业的实证分析[J].税务研究,2016(10):34-39.
[12]巫强,刘蓓.政府研发补贴方式对战略性新兴产业创新的影响机制研究[J].产业经济研究,2014(6):41-49.
[13]柳光强.税收优惠、财政补贴政策的激励效应分析---基于信息不对称理论视角的实证研究[J].管理世界,2016(10):62-71.
[14]汪秋明,韩庆潇,杨晨.战略性新兴产业中的政府补贴与企业行为---基于政府规制下的动态博弈分析视角[J].财经研究,2014,40(7):43-53.
[15]孙伯灿,陈卫东,范柏乃.中国高新技术产业税收优惠政策实证研究[J].浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版,2001(6):58-66.
[16]储德银,纪凡,杨珊.财政补贴、税收优惠与战略性新兴产业专利产出[J].税务研究,2017(4):99-104.
[17]UTTERBACK J,ABERNATHY W J.A Dynamic Model of Process and Product Innovation[J].The International Journal of Management Science,1975,3(6):639-656.
[18]KLEPPER S.Entry,Exit,Growth,and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle[J].American Economic Review,1996,86(3):562-583.
[19]余泳泽,刘大勇.我国区域创新效率的空间外溢效应与价值链外溢效应---创新价值链视角下的多维空间面板模型研究[J].管理世界,2013(7):6-20.
[20]白俊红,蒋伏心.考虑环境因素的区域创新效率研究---基于三阶段DEA方法[J].财贸经济,2011(10):104-112.
[21]邓子基,杨志宏.财税政策激励企业技术创新的理论与实证分析[J].财贸经济,2011(5):5-10.
[22]唐清泉,卢珊珊,李懿东.企业成为创新主体与R&D补贴的政府角色定位[J].中国软科学,2008(6):88-98.
[23]魏志华,吴育辉,曾爱民.寻租、财政补贴与公司成长性---来自新能源概念类上市公司的实证证据[J].经济管理,2015(1):1-11.