掺气减蚀技术及掺气设施研究进展
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摘要
为优化掺气设施体型并对其水力特性进行研究,在已有理论研究成果与工程实践经验基础上,从水流掺气减蚀机理、掺气水流运动特性及掺气设施体型及布置三方面评述了水流掺气减蚀技术研究进展。针对目前掺气减蚀技术研究中存在的不足,认为今后应进一步加强多泡情况下空化泡-空气泡-边壁微观作用机制,近壁(底板、侧壁)水体掺气浓度、气泡特征的沿程演变规律,复杂条件下掺气设施体型优化等方面的研究。
In order to optimize the shape of aeration devices and study their hydraulic characteristics, based on previous research achievements and engineering application experience, the mechanisms of flow aeration on mitigating cavitation erosion, dynamic characteristics of aeration flow, and shape and arrangement of aeration devices are reviewed in this study. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current research, it is suggested that research on the microcosmic mechanism of multi-bubble interaction such as cavitation bubble-air bubble-boundary interaction, the evolution law of aeration concentration and bubble characteristics in near-wall(floor, side wall) water body, and the optimization of aeration facility shape under complex conditions should be further strengthened.
In order to optimize the shape of aeration devices and study their hydraulic characteristics, based on previous research achievements and engineering application experience, the mechanisms of flow aeration on mitigating cavitation erosion, dynamic characteristics of aeration flow, and shape and arrangement of aeration devices are reviewed in this study. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current research, it is suggested that research on the microcosmic mechanism of multi-bubble interaction such as cavitation bubble-air bubble-boundary interaction, the evolution law of aeration concentration and bubble characteristics in near-wall(floor, side wall) water body, and the optimization of aeration facility shape under complex conditions should be further strengthened.
引文
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[9]刘继广.空化水流与水流空化数的压强差当量表述[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(1):140-145.(LIUJiguang.Cavitation flow and the description to pressure equivalent of cavitation numbers[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(1):140-145.(in Chinese))
[10]水利水电泄水工程与高速水流信息网.泄水工程与高速水流[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2010.
[11]罗铭.掺气减蚀挑跌坎与水流紊动特性[J].水利学报,1995,26(7):1-7.(LUO Ming.Relationship between the aerator and the characteristics of turbulent[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1995,26(7):1-7.(in Chinese))
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[13]韩伟,董志勇,俞小伟,等.掺气条件下空化特性的高速摄影分析[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2010,25(3):352-358.(HAN Wei,DONG Zhiyong,YU Xiaowei,et al.High speed photographic analysis of cavitation characteristics on the condition of aeration[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,25(3):352-358.(in Chinese))
[14]俞小伟,董志勇,韩伟,等.掺气泡对空泡影响的高速摄影分析[J].浙江工业大学学报,2011,39(3):268-272.(YU Xiaowei,DONG Zhiyong,HAN Wei,et al.High speed photographic analysis of effect of aeration bubbles on cavitation bubbles[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,2011,39(3):268-272.(in Chinese))
[15]黄建波,李士豪,倪汉根.掺气对空泡溃灭压力的影响[J].水利学报,1985,16(4):12-19.(HUANG Jianbo,LIShihao,NI Hangen.The effect of air entrainment on the collapsing pressure of a cavitation bubble in a liquid[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1985,16(4):12-19.(in Chinese))
[16]van RIJSBERGEN M,SLOT J.Bubble-induced sheet cavitation inception on an isolated roughness element[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2015,656(1),012172.
[17]BRUJAN E A,MATSUMOTO Y.Collapse of micrometersized cavitation bubbles near a rigid boundary[J].Microfluidics&Nanofluidics,2012,13(6):957-966.
[18]XU Weilin,BAI Lixin,ZHANG Faxing.Interaction of a cavitation bubble and an air bubble with a rigid boundary[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,22(4):503-512.
[19]LUO Jing,XU Weilin,NIU Zhipan,et al.Experimental study of the interaction between the spark-induced cavitation bubble and the air bubble[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,25(6):895-902.
[20]WAKANA T,TAKAFUMI K,SATOSHI W,et al.Observation of inception of sheet cavitation from free nuclei[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2017,26(3):223-228.
[21]BAI Ruidi,ZHANG Faxing,LIU Shanjun,et al.Air concentration and bubble characteristics downstream of a chute aerator[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2016,87:156-166.
[22]PFISTER M,HAGER W H.Chute aerators.I:air transport characteristics[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,136(6):352-359.
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