考虑生态流量的小流域水库群联合调度研究
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摘要
在小流域开展考虑生态流量需求的水库群联合调度,成为改善小流域河道生态环境的重要途径。采用水库群模拟优化方法建立了考虑下游河道生态需水的水库群多目标联合调度模型。模型依据流域内水库群的调节能力和调度目标,将水库群划分为3类;以供水目标为优先原则,确立水库群的调度方式和调度图。在此基础上,采用多目标遗传算法(NSGA-II)求解水库群联合调度的调度图。最后以重庆市龙溪河流域为研究实例,对不同生态需水流量下的水库群多目标调度效益进行对比分析。结果表明,生态流量的增加对流域内的农业用水影响最为明显,水库群多目标调度成为平衡各目标之间竞争性的重要方式。
Reservoir group co-regulation in small watershed considering ecological flow has been an important approach to improve the ecological environment. A multi-objective co-regulation model of reservoir group in small watershed considering ecological flow is constructed by reservoir group operation simulation and optimization approach. In the model, the reservoirs are classified as 3 kinds according to the reservoir regulation capacity and regulation objectives and the dispatching mode and dispatching diagram of reservoir group are determined by taking the water supply as priority objective. On the above basis, the joint dispatching diagram of reservoir group is solved by multi-objective genetic algorithm(NSGA-II). Taking the Longxi River watershed as a study case, the benefit of multi-objective regulation of reservoir group under different ecological water demands are compared and analyzed. The results show that the increase of ecological water would impose the largest impact on agricultural water use.
Reservoir group co-regulation in small watershed considering ecological flow has been an important approach to improve the ecological environment. A multi-objective co-regulation model of reservoir group in small watershed considering ecological flow is constructed by reservoir group operation simulation and optimization approach. In the model, the reservoirs are classified as 3 kinds according to the reservoir regulation capacity and regulation objectives and the dispatching mode and dispatching diagram of reservoir group are determined by taking the water supply as priority objective. On the above basis, the joint dispatching diagram of reservoir group is solved by multi-objective genetic algorithm(NSGA-II). Taking the Longxi River watershed as a study case, the benefit of multi-objective regulation of reservoir group under different ecological water demands are compared and analyzed. The results show that the increase of ecological water would impose the largest impact on agricultural water use.
引文
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[2] 王远坤,夏自强,王桂华.水库调度的新阶段:生态调度[J].水文,2008,28(1):7-9 .
[3] 尹正杰,黄薇,陈进.长江流域梯级水库生态调度管理体制探讨[J].人民长江,2008,39(20):15-17.
[4] 蔡其华.充分考虑河流生态系统保护因素完善水库调度方式[J].中国水利,2006 (2):14-171.
[5] 赵越,周建中,许可,等.保护四大家鱼产卵的三峡水库生态调度研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2002,44(4):45-50.
[6] 李清清,覃晖,陈广才,等.长江中游水文情势变化及对鱼类的影响分析[J].人民长江,2012,43(11):86-89.
[7] 康玲,黄云燕,杨正祥,等.水库生态调度模型及其应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(2):134-141.
[8] 尹正杰,杨春花,许继军.考虑不同生态流量约束的梯级水库生态调度初步研究[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(3):66-70.
[9] 王中敏,樊皓,刘金珍.孤山电站对库区鱼类产卵场水文情势的影响研究[J].人民长江,2017,48(1):20-24.
[10] 王悦,高千红.长江水文过程与四大家鱼产卵行为关联性分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(6):24-27.
[11] 黄艳.面向生态环境保护的三峡水库调度实践与展望[J].人民长江,2018,49(13):1-8.
[12] 刘海,齐文彪,于德万,等.饮马河流域生态调度研究[J].水文,2013,33(6):35-41.
[13] 何怀光.引水式水电站下游减水河段生态环境流量及修复补救措施研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2012.
[14] 李亦凡,史源,王德宽.中小流域水电梯级优化调度策略与方法研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(11):110-117.
[15] 陈悦云,梅亚东,蔡昊,等.面向发电、供水、生态要求的赣江流域水库群优化调度研究[J].水利学报,2018,49(5):628-638.
[16] 徐炜,彭勇.基于数值降雨预报信息的梯级水库群发电优化调度[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(7):23-33.
[17] 彭勇,徐炜,姜宏广.深圳市西部城市供水水库群联合调度研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(11):74-83.
[18] 李捷,夏自强,马广慧,等.河流生态径流计算的逐月频率计算法[J] .生态学报,2007,27(7):2916-2921.
[19] 钟华平,刘恒,耿雷华,等.河道内生态需水估算方法及其评述[J] .水科学进展,2006,17(3):430-433.
[20] 张弛,彭慧,周惠成,等.河道内生态环境需水量研究[J].水力发电,2007,33(5):20-22.