四种饮用水对小鼠抗氧化功能的影响
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摘要
[目的]探讨四种不同饮用水对小鼠抗氧化功能的影响。[方法]取80只清洁级ICR小鼠按体重随机分为纯水组、矿泉仿生水组、自来水组、过滤水组,每组20只,雌雄各半,以对应受试水作为唯一水源喂养90 d。测定水质参数,包括p H值、溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids,TDS)、氧化还原电位(oxidation-reduction potential,ORP)、电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)以及钙、镁、锌、铜、锰、硒、硝酸根、硫酸根离子。测定受试水体中1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除率、羟自由基抑制能力及抗超氧阴离子能力。实验期结束后取小鼠肝、肾组织测定其总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、羟自由基抑制能力、抗超氧阴离子能力、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、抗氧化物谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)的活性。[结果]纯水、矿泉仿生水、自来水、过滤水的羟自由基抑制能力分别为(-11.22±3.78)、(-12.37±1.82)、(-16.81±2.88)、(48.33±2.28)U/m L,过滤水的羟自由基抑制能力大于其他饮用水类型(P<0.05)。小鼠肝组织中,自来水组T-AOC[(4.69±0.49)U/mg(以1 mg蛋白计,余同)]高于纯水组[(3.06±0.30)U/mg],过滤水组GSH-PX活性[(344.40±14.12)U/mg]高于纯水组[(261.72±21.59)U/mg]、矿泉仿生水组[(291.73±10.54)U/mg],自来水组GST活性[(1047.56±56.18)U/mg]高于纯水组[(776.18±64.97)U/mg]、矿泉仿生水组[(810.40±50.41)U/mg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肾组织中,自来水组SOD活性[(310.24±7.95)U/mg]高于纯水组[(274.98±7.80)U/mg],过滤水组GSH-PX活性[(308.54±13.29)U/mg]高于纯水组[(252.67±11.30)U/mg],自来水组GST活性[(701.63±28.93)U/mg]高于矿泉仿生水组[(555.63±40.13)U/mg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]四种饮用水对小鼠抗氧化功能的影响不同,过滤水及自来水更可能提高小鼠体内相关抗氧化酶的活性而降低氧化损伤,而纯水、矿泉仿生水则未表现出有利于小鼠抗氧化功能的作用。
[Objective] To explore the effects of four kinds of drinking water on antioxidant capacity in mice.[Methods] Eighty ICR mice(half male and half female) were randomly divided into four groups and fed with pure water, comineralized water, tap water, and filtered tap water, respectively, for 90 d, with 20 mice in each group. Water quality parameters were detected during the trial including p H value, total dissolved solids(TDS), oxidation-reduction potential(ORP), electrical conductivity(EC), and contents of calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, nitrate radical, and sulfate radical. Antioxidantcapability in vitro were also determined, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging rate, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS) radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and anti-superoxide anion activity. After the trial, the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), inhibiting abilities of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical, contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH), and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR) in liver and kidney samples of the tested mice were also determined.[Results] The inhibiting capabilities of hydroxyl in the pure water, co-mineralized water, tap water, and filtered tap water group were(-11.22±3.78),(-12.37±1.82),(-16.81±2.88), and(48.33±2.28) U/m L, respectively, and the filtered tap water group showed a higher inhibiting capability of hydroxyl than the others(P < 0.05). In liver tissues, the T-AOC in the tap water group [(4.69±0.49) U/mg, in terms of per mg protein, thereafter] was higher than that in the pure water group [(3.06±0.30) U/mg], the activity of GSH-Px in the filtered tap water group [(344.40 ±14.12) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(261.72±21.59) U/mg] and the co-mineralized water group [(291.73±10.54) U/mg], and the activity of GST in the tap water group [(1047.56±56.18) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(776.18±64.97) U/mg] and the co-mineralized water group [(810.40±50.41) U/mg](P < 0.05). In kidney tissues, the activity of SOD in the tap water group [(310.24±7.95) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(274.98±7.80) U/mg], the activity of GSH-Px in the filtered tap water group [(308.54±13.29) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(252.67±11.30) U/mg], and the activity of GST in the tap water group [(701.63±28.93) U/mg] was higher than that in the co-mineralized water group [(555.63±40.13) U/mg](P < 0.05).[Conclusion] The selected four kinds of drinking water have different effects on antioxidant capacity in mice. Filtered tap water and tap water show potential in improving antioxidant enzyme activities and reducing oxidative stress, while pure water and comineralized water do not.
[Objective] To explore the effects of four kinds of drinking water on antioxidant capacity in mice.[Methods] Eighty ICR mice(half male and half female) were randomly divided into four groups and fed with pure water, comineralized water, tap water, and filtered tap water, respectively, for 90 d, with 20 mice in each group. Water quality parameters were detected during the trial including p H value, total dissolved solids(TDS), oxidation-reduction potential(ORP), electrical conductivity(EC), and contents of calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, nitrate radical, and sulfate radical. Antioxidantcapability in vitro were also determined, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging rate, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS) radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and anti-superoxide anion activity. After the trial, the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), inhibiting abilities of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical, contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH), and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR) in liver and kidney samples of the tested mice were also determined.[Results] The inhibiting capabilities of hydroxyl in the pure water, co-mineralized water, tap water, and filtered tap water group were(-11.22±3.78),(-12.37±1.82),(-16.81±2.88), and(48.33±2.28) U/m L, respectively, and the filtered tap water group showed a higher inhibiting capability of hydroxyl than the others(P < 0.05). In liver tissues, the T-AOC in the tap water group [(4.69±0.49) U/mg, in terms of per mg protein, thereafter] was higher than that in the pure water group [(3.06±0.30) U/mg], the activity of GSH-Px in the filtered tap water group [(344.40 ±14.12) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(261.72±21.59) U/mg] and the co-mineralized water group [(291.73±10.54) U/mg], and the activity of GST in the tap water group [(1047.56±56.18) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(776.18±64.97) U/mg] and the co-mineralized water group [(810.40±50.41) U/mg](P < 0.05). In kidney tissues, the activity of SOD in the tap water group [(310.24±7.95) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(274.98±7.80) U/mg], the activity of GSH-Px in the filtered tap water group [(308.54±13.29) U/mg] was higher than that in the pure water group [(252.67±11.30) U/mg], and the activity of GST in the tap water group [(701.63±28.93) U/mg] was higher than that in the co-mineralized water group [(555.63±40.13) U/mg](P < 0.05).[Conclusion] The selected four kinds of drinking water have different effects on antioxidant capacity in mice. Filtered tap water and tap water show potential in improving antioxidant enzyme activities and reducing oxidative stress, while pure water and comineralized water do not.
引文
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[11]Park S K,Qi X F,Song S B,et al.Electrolyzed-reduced water inhibits acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats[J].Biomed Res,2009,30(5):263-269.
[2]陈荣河,黄秋敏,刘晰予,等.三种饮用水体内外抗氧化能力比较[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(11):1494-1497.
[3]杨少辉,宋英今,王洁华,等.雪莲果体外抗氧化和自由基清除能力[J].食品科学,2010,31(17):166-169.
[4]Shlezinger M,Amitai Y,Goldenberg I,et al.Desalinated seawater supply and all-cause mortality in hospitalized acute myocardial infarction patients from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey 2002-2013[J].Int J Cardiol,2016,220:544-550.
[5]Hara F,Tatebe J,Watanabe I,et al.Molecular hydrogen alleviates cellular senescence in endothelial cells[J].Circ J,2016,80(9):2038-2046.
[6]Etani R,Kataoka T,Kanzaki N,et al.Difference in the action mechanism of radon inhalation and radon hot spring water drinking in suppression of hyperuricemia in mice[J].J Radiat Res,2016,57(3):250-257.
[7]Wynn E,Krieg M A,Aeschlimann J M,et al.Alkaline mineral water lowers bone resorption even in calcium sufficiency_Alkaline mineral water and bone metabolism[J].Bone,2009,44(1):120-124.
[8]Huang K C,Hsu S P,Yang C C,et al.Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2010,25(8):2730-2737.
[9]尹军,刘志生.饮用水ORP的健康意义及影响因素探讨[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(9):25-28.
[10]Tsai C F,Hsu Y W,Chen W K,et al.Hepatoprotective effect of electrolyzed reduced water against carbon tetrachlorideinduced liver damage in mice[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2009,47(8):2031-2036.
[11]Park S K,Qi X F,Song S B,et al.Electrolyzed-reduced water inhibits acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats[J].Biomed Res,2009,30(5):263-269.