桥上半封闭式声屏障在轮轨动力作用下的振动分析
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摘要
以某高速铁路桥上半封闭式声屏障为工程背景,实测了高速列车轮轨动力作用下轨道结构、箱梁和声屏障的振动加速度,并对实测信号进行时程和1/3倍频程分析。然后,建立箱梁-声屏障耦合振动分析模型,基于车-线-桥耦合振动理论对声屏障的振动进行仿真分析,并将仿真分析结果与实测数据进行对比以验证模型的准确性。最后,基于数值模型分析了声屏障振动的分布规律,并讨论了降低声屏障振动的措施。结果表明:实测钢轨、轨道板、底座板、箱梁和声屏障的振动响应衰减规律与振动传递路径相符;实测声屏障立柱的振动优势频段为20~63 Hz和100~500 Hz,峰值频率为40 Hz和125 Hz;采用箱梁-声屏障耦合振动分析模型可以较好地模拟箱梁和声屏障的车致振动;声屏障的振动随车速提高而增加的规律约为3. 5 d B/(50 km/h);跨中横截面的声屏障振动要大于其它横截面,且声屏障横梁的振动要比立柱大;提高声屏障的刚度和对箱梁翼缘板增设斜撑均可降低声屏障的振动,且后者的效果更明显。
A field test was carried out on a semi-closed noise barrier installed on a high-speed railway bridge. The vibration accelerations of the track structure,box-girder and semi-closed noise barrier were measured under the excitation of wheel/rail dynamic forces. The recorded signals were analyzed both in time domain and one-third octave band frequency domain. Based on the theory of train-track-bridge coupled vibration,a box-girder-noise-barrier coupled vibration model was built to simulate the vibrations of noise barrier. The computed results were compared with measured data to make sure the accuracy of the numerical model. Finally,the numerical model was used to analyze the vibration characteristics of the noise barrier and to discuss several vibration reduction measures. The results show that the vibration attenuation characteristics of the rail,track slab,bearing base,box-girder and noise barrier are consistent with those measured along the vibration transmission path. The dominant frequency ranges of vibrations measured on the vertical strut are located in 20-63 Hz and100-500 Hz,with peak values at 40 Hz and 125 Hz. The proposed model shows satisfactory accuracy in simulating traininduced vibrations of the box-girder and noise barrier. The integrated vibration acceleration level of noise barrier rises along with the increasing train speeds at a rate of 3. 5 d B per 50 km/h. The noise barrier vibrations at mid-span cross-section are more severe than that at other cross-sections,and the vibration of the cross beam is more severe than that of the vertical strut. Increasing the noise barrier stiffness and adding inclined braces at the outer side of the box-girder flange slab can both reduce noise barrier vibrations,and the later measure is verified to be more efficient by simulations.
A field test was carried out on a semi-closed noise barrier installed on a high-speed railway bridge. The vibration accelerations of the track structure,box-girder and semi-closed noise barrier were measured under the excitation of wheel/rail dynamic forces. The recorded signals were analyzed both in time domain and one-third octave band frequency domain. Based on the theory of train-track-bridge coupled vibration,a box-girder-noise-barrier coupled vibration model was built to simulate the vibrations of noise barrier. The computed results were compared with measured data to make sure the accuracy of the numerical model. Finally,the numerical model was used to analyze the vibration characteristics of the noise barrier and to discuss several vibration reduction measures. The results show that the vibration attenuation characteristics of the rail,track slab,bearing base,box-girder and noise barrier are consistent with those measured along the vibration transmission path. The dominant frequency ranges of vibrations measured on the vertical strut are located in 20-63 Hz and100-500 Hz,with peak values at 40 Hz and 125 Hz. The proposed model shows satisfactory accuracy in simulating traininduced vibrations of the box-girder and noise barrier. The integrated vibration acceleration level of noise barrier rises along with the increasing train speeds at a rate of 3. 5 d B per 50 km/h. The noise barrier vibrations at mid-span cross-section are more severe than that at other cross-sections,and the vibration of the cross beam is more severe than that of the vertical strut. Increasing the noise barrier stiffness and adding inclined braces at the outer side of the box-girder flange slab can both reduce noise barrier vibrations,and the later measure is verified to be more efficient by simulations.
引文
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[11]罗文俊,李恒斌.脉动风荷载作用下声屏障动力响应分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2016,36(2):162-165.LUO Wenjun,LI Hengbin. Dynamic response analysis of noise barrier strutures under impulsivewind load[J]. Noise and Vibration Control,2016,36(2):162-165.
[12] CARASSALE L,BRUNENGHI M M. Dynamic response of trackside structures due to the aerodynamic effects produced by passing trains[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2013,123:317-324.
[13] TOKUNAGA M,SOGABE M,SANTO T,et al. Dynamic response evaluation of tall noise barrier on high speed railway strutures[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,366:293-308.
[14] ZHAI W M,XIA H,CAI C B,et al. High-speed train-trackbridge dynamic interactions-Part I:theoretical model and numerical simulation[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation,2013,1(1/2):3-24.
[15] ZHAI W M,WANG S L,ZHANG N,et al. High-speed train-track-bridge dynamic interactions-Part II:experimental validation and engineering application[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation,2013,1(1/2):25-41.
[16]王少林.考虑列车-轨道-桥梁/声屏障相互作用的高速铁路半封闭声屏障动力响应分析[J].铁道标准设计,2017,61(1):149-153.WANG Shaolin. Dynamic responses of semi-enclosed noise barriers for high-speed railway based on train-track-bridge interactions[J]. Railway Standard Desigh,2017,61(1):149-153.
[17]蔡理平,李小珍,陈锡民,等.轮轨动荷载作用下全封闭声屏障的振动分析[J].中国铁路,2017(4):59-67.CAI Liping,LI Xiaozhen,CHEN Ximin,et al. On vibration of fully-enclosed noise barriers under wheel-rail dynamic load[J]. China Railway,2017(4):59-67.
[18] Mechanical vibration and shock-evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration-part 1:General requirements:ISO2631-1[S]. 1997.
[19] LI X Z,ZHANG X,ZHANG Z J,et al. Experimental research on noise emanating from concrete box-girder bridges on intercity railway lines[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2015,229(2):125-135.
[20] ZHANG X,LI X Z,SONG L Z,et al. Vibrational and acoustical performance of concrete box-section bridges subjected to train wheel-rail excitation:field tests and numerical analysis[J]. Noise Control Engineering Journal,2016,64(2):217-229.
[2]苏卫青,潘晓岩,叶平.高速铁路声屏障声学计算模式研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013(34):126-130.SU Weiqing,PAN Xiaoyan,YE Ping. The study of acoustic computing model for the noise barrier of high-speed railway[J]. China Railway Science,2013(34):126-130.
[3]费广海,吴小萍,廖晨彦.声屏障高度对高铁(客运专线)降噪效果的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2539-2545.FEI Guanghai,WU Xiaoping,LIAO Chenyan. The influence of sound barriers with different heights on the noise reduction effect of high-speed railway[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(8):2539-2545.
[4]吴小萍,费广海,廖晨彦.高速铁路不同高度声屏障的降噪效果分析[J].中国铁道科学,2015,36(3):127-132.WU Xiaoping,FEI Guanghai,LIAO Chenyan. Analysis on noise reduction effect of sound barriers with different heights for high speed railway[J]. China Railway Science,2015,36(3):127-132.
[5]周信.高速铁路声屏障降噪效果预测及新型声屏障设计[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.
[6]周强.高速铁路减载式声屏障隔声性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.
[7]龙丽平,赵丽滨,刘立东.列车致声屏障结构的空气脉动力研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(3):246-250.LONG Liping,ZHAO Libin,LIU Lidong. Research on the air turbulent force loaded on noise barrier caused by train[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(3):246-250.
[8]刘海涛.高速铁路桥梁声屏障脉动风荷载及其基础连接构造设计研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.
[9]韩珈琪,肖新标,何宾,等.不同形式声屏障动态特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(10):20-27.HAN Jiaqi XIAO Xinbiao HE Bin,et al. Study on dynamic characteristics of sound barriers[J]. Journal of Mechanic Engineering,2013,49(10):20-27.
[10]张亮,张继业,张卫华.高速列车通过声屏障的流固耦合振动响应分析[J].动力学与控制学报,2014,12(2):153-159.ZHANG Liang,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua. Analysis on fluid-structure interaction vibration of high-speed train passing by sound barrier[J]. Journal of Dynamics and Control,2014,12(2):153-159.
[11]罗文俊,李恒斌.脉动风荷载作用下声屏障动力响应分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2016,36(2):162-165.LUO Wenjun,LI Hengbin. Dynamic response analysis of noise barrier strutures under impulsivewind load[J]. Noise and Vibration Control,2016,36(2):162-165.
[12] CARASSALE L,BRUNENGHI M M. Dynamic response of trackside structures due to the aerodynamic effects produced by passing trains[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2013,123:317-324.
[13] TOKUNAGA M,SOGABE M,SANTO T,et al. Dynamic response evaluation of tall noise barrier on high speed railway strutures[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,366:293-308.
[14] ZHAI W M,XIA H,CAI C B,et al. High-speed train-trackbridge dynamic interactions-Part I:theoretical model and numerical simulation[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation,2013,1(1/2):3-24.
[15] ZHAI W M,WANG S L,ZHANG N,et al. High-speed train-track-bridge dynamic interactions-Part II:experimental validation and engineering application[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation,2013,1(1/2):25-41.
[16]王少林.考虑列车-轨道-桥梁/声屏障相互作用的高速铁路半封闭声屏障动力响应分析[J].铁道标准设计,2017,61(1):149-153.WANG Shaolin. Dynamic responses of semi-enclosed noise barriers for high-speed railway based on train-track-bridge interactions[J]. Railway Standard Desigh,2017,61(1):149-153.
[17]蔡理平,李小珍,陈锡民,等.轮轨动荷载作用下全封闭声屏障的振动分析[J].中国铁路,2017(4):59-67.CAI Liping,LI Xiaozhen,CHEN Ximin,et al. On vibration of fully-enclosed noise barriers under wheel-rail dynamic load[J]. China Railway,2017(4):59-67.
[18] Mechanical vibration and shock-evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration-part 1:General requirements:ISO2631-1[S]. 1997.
[19] LI X Z,ZHANG X,ZHANG Z J,et al. Experimental research on noise emanating from concrete box-girder bridges on intercity railway lines[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2015,229(2):125-135.
[20] ZHANG X,LI X Z,SONG L Z,et al. Vibrational and acoustical performance of concrete box-section bridges subjected to train wheel-rail excitation:field tests and numerical analysis[J]. Noise Control Engineering Journal,2016,64(2):217-229.