施肥机管路布置对文丘里施肥器吸肥性能的影响
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摘要
为探究施肥机不同管路布置方式对文丘里施肥器在吸肥性能与通道数量等方面的影响,研究选用相同规格的5个文丘里施肥器,针对不同主管压力和2种管路布置方式进行了多通道吸肥室内试验.结果表明:旁路吸肥式与旁路助肥式相比,可同时支配高效吸肥的通道数量较多,最多可达到6个,且对灌溉系统主管压力范围要求更宽泛,可同时满足多种营养液的精准配比施肥;当吸肥通道数量小于3个时,旁路助肥式单通道吸肥量随主管压力的增大而减小,而旁路吸肥式单通道吸肥量随主管压力增大基本保持稳定值;相同通道数量下,旁路吸肥式管路布置下的总吸肥流量和注肥比例明显大于旁路助肥式管路,"3吸肥通道+旁路吸肥式管路"可推荐作为施肥机管路优化布置的首选方式.
To explore the effect of different pipeline layouts of fertilizer applicator on Venturi injectors performance,multi-channel fertilizer applicators were tested with five same Venturi injectors for different main pipe pressure and two pipeline layout modes.The results show that compared with bypasspushing-fertilizer pipeline,the numbers of Venturi injector channels with high efficiency can be dominated with bypass-pulling-fertilizer pipeline,up to a maximum of six.What's more,bypass-pulling-fertilizer pipeline layout mode can meet accurate ratio fertilization of more various nutrient medium simultaneously,and it can be applied to drip irrigation system that has a wider range of main pipe pressure compared with bypass-pushing-fertilizer mode.When the number of channels is less than 3,the average suction amount of single channel for bypass-pushing-fertilizer mode decreases with the increase of pressure,however,the average suction amount of single channel for bypass-pulling-ferti-lizer mode can keep stable.Under the same number of channels,the total suction volume flow and proportion of fertilizer injection for bypass-pulling-fertilizer mode are obviously higher than those for bypass-pushingfertilizer mode,and ″ three channels + bypass-pulling-fertilizer mode″ can be recommended as an optimal pipeline layout mode for fertilizer applicator.
To explore the effect of different pipeline layouts of fertilizer applicator on Venturi injectors performance,multi-channel fertilizer applicators were tested with five same Venturi injectors for different main pipe pressure and two pipeline layout modes.The results show that compared with bypasspushing-fertilizer pipeline,the numbers of Venturi injector channels with high efficiency can be dominated with bypass-pulling-fertilizer pipeline,up to a maximum of six.What's more,bypass-pulling-fertilizer pipeline layout mode can meet accurate ratio fertilization of more various nutrient medium simultaneously,and it can be applied to drip irrigation system that has a wider range of main pipe pressure compared with bypass-pushing-fertilizer mode.When the number of channels is less than 3,the average suction amount of single channel for bypass-pushing-fertilizer mode decreases with the increase of pressure,however,the average suction amount of single channel for bypass-pulling-ferti-lizer mode can keep stable.Under the same number of channels,the total suction volume flow and proportion of fertilizer injection for bypass-pulling-fertilizer mode are obviously higher than those for bypass-pushingfertilizer mode,and ″ three channels + bypass-pulling-fertilizer mode″ can be recommended as an optimal pipeline layout mode for fertilizer applicator.
引文
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[14]严海军,陈燕,徐云成,等.文丘里施肥器的空化特性试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(8):724-728.YAN Haijun,CHEN Yan,XU Yuncheng,et al.Experimental investigation on cavitation characteristics of Venturi injector[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2013,31(8):724-728.(in Chinese)
[15]XU Y,CHEN Y,WANG Z,et al.Investigation of the cavitation fluctuation characteristics in a Venturi injector[J].Fluid dynamics research,2015,47(2):025506.
[16]程千,黄修桥,李浩,等.文丘里施肥器空化特性数值模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(1):88-92.CHENG Qian,HUANG Xiuqiao,LI Hao,et al.Numerical simulation of cavitation characteristics of Venturi injector[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2018,36(1):88-92.(in Chinese)
[2]房俊龙,宋金龙,张馨.通用智能灌溉施肥机控制器研发[J].节水灌溉,2015(10):78-82.FANG Junlong,SONG Jinlong,ZHANG Xin.Research and development of the general intelligent controller for fertigation machine[J].Water saving irrigation,2015(10):78-82.(in Chinese)
[3]俞卫东,刘永华,孔德志,等.基于PLC的智能灌溉施肥机的研制[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(6):177-179.YU Weidong,LIU Yonghua,KONG Dezhi,et al.Development of an intelligent fertigation applicator based on PLC[J].Journal of Chinese agricultural mechanization,2013,34(6):177-179.(in Chinese)
[4]陈满,金诚谦,倪有亮,等.基于多传感器的精准变量施肥控制系统[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(1):56-60.CHEN Man,JIN Chengqian,NI Youliang,et al.Study on control system of precise fertilizing machine based on multi-sensor information[J].Journal of Chinese agricultural mechanization,2018,39(1):56-60.(in Chinese)
[5]李加念,洪添胜,冯瑞珏,等.柑橘园水肥一体化滴灌自动控制装置的研制[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):91-97.LI Jianian,HONG Tiansheng,FENG Ruijue,et al.Development of automatic control device for integrated water and fertilization drip irrigation of citrus orchard[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(10):91-97.(in Chinese)
[6]姚舟华,魏新华,左志宇,等.自动灌溉施肥机工作状态监测系统[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(S1):44-47.YAO Zhouhua,WEI Xinhua,ZUO Zhiyu,et al.Development of working status monitoring device for automatic fertigation system[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2012,43(S1):44-47.(in Chinese)
[7]狄娇,汪小旵,孙国祥,等.温室轻简式灌溉施肥机的设计[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(5):222-227.DI Jiao,WANG Xiaochan,SUN Guoxiang,et al.Design of light and simplified fertigation machine for greenhouse[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(natural science edition),2016,44(5):222-227.(in Chinese)
[8]李加念,李云青,杨启良,等.肥液氮素浓度在线检测装置研制[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):139-145.LI Jianian,LI Yunqing,YANG Qiliang,et al.Development of real-time detecting device for nitrogen concentration of liquidfertilizer[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(5):139-145.(in Chinese)
[9]NETO I E L,PORTO R D M.Performance of low-cost ejectors[J].Journal of irrigation&drainage engineering,2004,130(2):122-128.
[10]孟一斌.微灌施肥装置水力性能研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006.
[11]严海军,初晓一,王敏,等.微灌系统文丘里施肥器吸肥性能试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2010,28(3):251-255.YAN Haijun,CHU Xiaoyi,WANG Min,et al.Injection performance of Venturi injector in micro-irrigation system[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2010,28(3):251-255.(in Chinese)
[12]韩启彪,黄兴法,刘洪禄,等.6种文丘里施肥器吸肥性能比较分析[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):113-117.HAN Qibiao,HUANG Xingfa,LIU Honglu,et al.Comparative analysis on fertilization performance of six Venturi injectors[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2013,44(4):113-117.(in Chinese)
[13]王海涛,陈晏育,王建东,等.微灌用文丘里施肥器综合性能试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(4):340-346.WANG Haitao,CHEN Yanyu,WANG Jiandong,et al.Experimental study on comprehensive work performance of Venturi injector[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2018,36(4):340-346.(in Chinese)
[14]严海军,陈燕,徐云成,等.文丘里施肥器的空化特性试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(8):724-728.YAN Haijun,CHEN Yan,XU Yuncheng,et al.Experimental investigation on cavitation characteristics of Venturi injector[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2013,31(8):724-728.(in Chinese)
[15]XU Y,CHEN Y,WANG Z,et al.Investigation of the cavitation fluctuation characteristics in a Venturi injector[J].Fluid dynamics research,2015,47(2):025506.
[16]程千,黄修桥,李浩,等.文丘里施肥器空化特性数值模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(1):88-92.CHENG Qian,HUANG Xiuqiao,LI Hao,et al.Numerical simulation of cavitation characteristics of Venturi injector[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2018,36(1):88-92.(in Chinese)