砂质黏性紫色土渗透特性试验研究
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摘要
土的渗透特性反映土体透水能力,是土壤水蚀模型的重要参数和评估水土流失效应的重要指标。利用多功能三轴仪对重庆地区典型砂质黏性紫色土进行模拟自然界下不同降雨强度和不同覆土深度处的渗透试验,分别研究了渗透压、围压及覆土压力等因素对土体渗透特性的影响规律。结果表明:试验范围内的不同渗透压下砂质黏性紫色土的渗透系数处于相同数量级;围压对土体的渗透系数有显著的影响,但随着围压逐渐增大,土体渗水能力的降低梯度逐渐减小;覆土压力增加,土体的渗透系数减少,相同状态下围压越小,覆土压力对土体渗透系数的影响效果越明显;随着覆土深度的增加,砂质黏性紫色土的渗透系数迅速降低。研究可为地基处理、滑坡机理分析及水土流失防治设计等提供参考。
The permeability characteristic of soils reflects their permeable capability, and it is an important parameter of water erosion models and used to asses the effect of soil erosion as an important index. The tests on the permeability of the typical sandy clayey purple soils in Chongqing area are performed by the multifunction triaxial apparatus different rainfall intensities and soil-covering depths in nature, and the influence laws of seepage pressure, confining pressure and geostatic stress on the permeability characteristics of soils are studied. The results show that the permeability coefficient of sandy clayey purple soils under different seepage pressures have the same order of magnitude. The confining pressure has a significant effect on the permeability coefficient of the soils, but as the confining pressure gradually increases, the decreasing gradient of permeability coefficient of soils gradually decreases. With the increase of geostatic stress, the permeability coefficient of soils decreases. The smaller the confining pressure, the more obvious the effect of geostatic stress. With the increase of soil-covering depth, the permeability coefficient of sandy clayey purple soils decreases rapidly. This research may provide reference for treatment of foundation, analysis of landslide mechanism, design of soil erosion control and so on.
The permeability characteristic of soils reflects their permeable capability, and it is an important parameter of water erosion models and used to asses the effect of soil erosion as an important index. The tests on the permeability of the typical sandy clayey purple soils in Chongqing area are performed by the multifunction triaxial apparatus different rainfall intensities and soil-covering depths in nature, and the influence laws of seepage pressure, confining pressure and geostatic stress on the permeability characteristics of soils are studied. The results show that the permeability coefficient of sandy clayey purple soils under different seepage pressures have the same order of magnitude. The confining pressure has a significant effect on the permeability coefficient of the soils, but as the confining pressure gradually increases, the decreasing gradient of permeability coefficient of soils gradually decreases. With the increase of geostatic stress, the permeability coefficient of soils decreases. The smaller the confining pressure, the more obvious the effect of geostatic stress. With the increase of soil-covering depth, the permeability coefficient of sandy clayey purple soils decreases rapidly. This research may provide reference for treatment of foundation, analysis of landslide mechanism, design of soil erosion control and so on.
引文
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[13]王旭升,蒋小伟,万力.用渗透性随埋深变化趋势反求岩体变形模量的简化模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3980-3984.(WANG Xu-sheng,JIANGXiao-wei,WAN Li.Simplified models in estimating deformation module of rocks by using depth-dependent permeability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S2):3980-3984.(in Chinese))
[14]王红兰,唐翔宇,张维,等.施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):107-112.(WANG Hong-lan,TANG Xiang-yu,ZHANG Wei,et al.Effects of biochar application on tilth soil hydraulic properties of slope cropland of purple soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(4):107-112.(in Chinese))
[15]王超,赵培,高美荣.紫色土丘陵区典型生态-水文单元径流与氮磷输移特征[J].水利学报,2013,44(6):748-755.(WANG Chao,ZHAO Pei,GAO Mei-rong.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus transportation through runoff in a typical ecological-hydrological unit of hilly area of purple soil[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(6):748-755.(in Chinese))
[16]史东梅,蒋光毅,蒋平,等.土壤侵蚀因素对紫色丘陵区坡耕地耕层质量影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):270-279.(SHI Dong-mei,JIANG Guang-yi,JIANG Ping,et al.Effects of soil erosion factors on cultivated-layer quality of slope farmland in purple hilly area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(13):270-279.(in Chinese))
[17]郑子成,秦凤,李廷轩.不同坡度下紫色土地表微地形变化及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):168-175.(ZHENG Zi-cheng,QIN Feng,LITing-xuan.Changes in soil surface microrelief of purple soil under different slope gradients and its effects on soil erosion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(8):168-175.(in Chinese))
[18]傅斌,王玉宽,朱波,等.紫色土坡耕地降雨入渗试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(7):39-43.(FU Bin,WANG Yu-kuan,ZHU Bo,et al.Experimental study on rainfall infiltration in sloping farmland of purple soil[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(7):39-43.(in Chinese))
[19]毛新,汪时机,程明书,等.膨胀土初始破损与湿干交替耦合作用下的力学行为[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):571-579.(MAO Xin,WANG Shi-ji,CHENG Ming-shu,et al.Mechanical behavior of expansive soil under initial damage and wetting-drying cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):571-579.(in Chinese))
[2]陆健辉,阮龙飞,王永庆.长江口软土地基水库围堤的防渗体结构探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(增刊1):195-202.(LU Jian-hui,RUAN Long-fei,WANG Yong-qing.Impervious structure of reservoir embankment in soft soil foundation of Yangtze Estuary[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(S1):195-202.(in Chinese))
[3]张社荣,谭尧升,王超,等.强降雨特性对饱和-非饱和边坡失稳破坏的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):4102-4112.(ZHANG She-rong,TANYao-sheng,WANG Chao,et al.Influence of heavy rainfall characteristics on saturated-unsaturated slope failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):4102-4112.(in Chinese))
[4]LIU Zi-zhen,YAN Zhi-xin,REN Zhi-hua,et al.Reasonable selection of yield criteria for quantitative analysis of unsaturated soil slope stability[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(7):1304-1312.
[5]CHRISTIAN Thierfelder,EDGAR Ame′zquita C,KARL Stahr.Effects of intensifying organic manuring and tillage practices on penetration resistance and infiltration rate[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2005,82(2):211-226.
[6]陈云敏,林政,SCHELLINGERHOUT A J G.IFCO BAT系统测试地基孔压及原位渗透系数理论及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4440-4448.(CHENYun-min,LIN Zheng,SCHELLINGERHOUT A J G.Theories of in-situ test for pore water pressure and permeability with ifco bat system and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4440-4448.(in Chinese))
[7]王春波,丁文其,刘书斌,等.各向异性渗透系数随应变场动态变化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):3015-3021.(WANG Chun-bo,DING Wen-qi,LIU Shu-bin,et al.Analysis of dynamic changes of anisotropic permeability coefficient with volumetric strain in seepage coupling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):3015-3021.(in Chinese))
[8]沈宇鹏,匡星,王连俊,等.铁路工程边坡次降雨侵蚀产流模拟及影响规律[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增刊1):498-502.(SHEN Yu-peng,KUANG Xing,WANG Lian-jun,et al.Flow simulations and influence rules of rainfall erosion on railroad slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(S1):498-502.(in Chinese))
[9]李永乐,刘翠然,刘海宁,等.非饱和土的渗透特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3861-3865.(LIYong-le,LIU Cui-ran,LIU Hai-ning,et al.Testing study on permeability characteristics of unsaturated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3861-3865.(in Chinese))
[10]张改玲,王雅敬.高围压下砂土的渗透特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(10):2748-2754,2787.(ZHANGGai-ling,WANG Ya-jing.Experimental investigation of hydraulic conductivity of sand under high confining pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(10):2748-2754,2787.(in Chinese))
[11]胡大伟,周辉,潘鹏志,等.砂岩三轴循环加卸载条件下的渗透率研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(9):2749-2754.(HU Da-wei,ZHOU Hui,PAN Peng-zhi,et al.Study of permeability of sandstone in triaxial cyclic stress tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(9):2749-2754.(in Chinese))
[12]覃小华,刘东升,宋强辉,等.降雨条件下一维土柱垂直入渗模型试验研究及其渗透系数求解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(2):475-484.(QIN Xiao-hua,LIUDong-sheng,SONG Qiang-hui,et al.Experimental study on one-dimensional vertical infiltration in soil column under rainfall and the derivation of permeability coefficient[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(2):475-484.(in Chinese))
[13]王旭升,蒋小伟,万力.用渗透性随埋深变化趋势反求岩体变形模量的简化模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3980-3984.(WANG Xu-sheng,JIANGXiao-wei,WAN Li.Simplified models in estimating deformation module of rocks by using depth-dependent permeability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S2):3980-3984.(in Chinese))
[14]王红兰,唐翔宇,张维,等.施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):107-112.(WANG Hong-lan,TANG Xiang-yu,ZHANG Wei,et al.Effects of biochar application on tilth soil hydraulic properties of slope cropland of purple soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(4):107-112.(in Chinese))
[15]王超,赵培,高美荣.紫色土丘陵区典型生态-水文单元径流与氮磷输移特征[J].水利学报,2013,44(6):748-755.(WANG Chao,ZHAO Pei,GAO Mei-rong.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus transportation through runoff in a typical ecological-hydrological unit of hilly area of purple soil[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(6):748-755.(in Chinese))
[16]史东梅,蒋光毅,蒋平,等.土壤侵蚀因素对紫色丘陵区坡耕地耕层质量影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):270-279.(SHI Dong-mei,JIANG Guang-yi,JIANG Ping,et al.Effects of soil erosion factors on cultivated-layer quality of slope farmland in purple hilly area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(13):270-279.(in Chinese))
[17]郑子成,秦凤,李廷轩.不同坡度下紫色土地表微地形变化及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):168-175.(ZHENG Zi-cheng,QIN Feng,LITing-xuan.Changes in soil surface microrelief of purple soil under different slope gradients and its effects on soil erosion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(8):168-175.(in Chinese))
[18]傅斌,王玉宽,朱波,等.紫色土坡耕地降雨入渗试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(7):39-43.(FU Bin,WANG Yu-kuan,ZHU Bo,et al.Experimental study on rainfall infiltration in sloping farmland of purple soil[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(7):39-43.(in Chinese))
[19]毛新,汪时机,程明书,等.膨胀土初始破损与湿干交替耦合作用下的力学行为[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):571-579.(MAO Xin,WANG Shi-ji,CHENG Ming-shu,et al.Mechanical behavior of expansive soil under initial damage and wetting-drying cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):571-579.(in Chinese))