碳纳米材料的同位素标记及其在纳米毒理分析研究中的应用
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摘要
碳纳米材料因独特的物理化学性质,而成为纳米产品中使用最多的纳米材料之一.这些纳米材料不可避免地通过各种途径进入环境,其生物安全性研究是碳纳米科技健康发展亟待解决的关键科学问题.寻找和建立针对环境生物体系中碳纳米材料高灵敏、本征的定量检测方法,获得与环境生物体系相关的数据,是推动其环境纳米生物效应和安全性研究的关键.在纳米毒理学研究中,同位素标记分析方法是一种不可替代的定量分析方法,尤其对碳纳米材料,具有独特的优势.结合现代分析技术,可本征、快速、准确、高灵敏地对其纳米生物效应与毒理学进行研究.本文综述了典型碳纳米材料的放射性同位素和稳定性同位素标记技术和方法、检测方法及其在碳纳米材料结构形成、生物体内定量吸收、分布、转化和排泄等纳米生物效应与毒理学分析研究的相关应用,并展望了同位素标记技术在碳纳米材料的毒理学研究和环境健康效应研究中的应用.
Carbon nanomaterials,due to their unique physical and chemical properties,have been widely applied in many consumer products. Carbon nanomaterials have become one kind of the most used commercialized nanomaterials in world. Subsequently,the release of substantial amount of nanomaterials into the environment is inevitable. Understanding the safety,environmental and human health impacts of nanotechnology-based products is of worldwide importance. Therefore,researches on the biological effects of carbon nanomaterials and nanosafety in environment are urgently significant issues during the healthy and sustained development of carbon nanomaterials in our country and around world. Sensitive,intrinsic and quantitative detection of carbon nanomaterials in environment is a key technique for studying their nanosafety and environmental risk. Isotope labeling,including radioactive isotope labeling and stable isotope labeling,have the advantages of high sensitivity and good accuracy,which was an alternative nuclear analysis method to be applied for the study of nanotoxicology. In this review,we summarized the recent advances in the radioactive and stable isotopelabeling of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in nanotoxicology. Carbon isotopes were able to labeled intrinsically to the fullerene,carbon nanotubes and graphene,etc.,as tracers,which can easily distinguish the endogenous and exogenous sources of carbon elements of interest samples,be used to investigate quantitatively the absorption,distribution,metabolism and transformation of carbon nanomaterials in ecological system,and will provide a standard detection method and the key data for the risk evaluation of carbon nanomaterials in environment and health system in future.
Carbon nanomaterials,due to their unique physical and chemical properties,have been widely applied in many consumer products. Carbon nanomaterials have become one kind of the most used commercialized nanomaterials in world. Subsequently,the release of substantial amount of nanomaterials into the environment is inevitable. Understanding the safety,environmental and human health impacts of nanotechnology-based products is of worldwide importance. Therefore,researches on the biological effects of carbon nanomaterials and nanosafety in environment are urgently significant issues during the healthy and sustained development of carbon nanomaterials in our country and around world. Sensitive,intrinsic and quantitative detection of carbon nanomaterials in environment is a key technique for studying their nanosafety and environmental risk. Isotope labeling,including radioactive isotope labeling and stable isotope labeling,have the advantages of high sensitivity and good accuracy,which was an alternative nuclear analysis method to be applied for the study of nanotoxicology. In this review,we summarized the recent advances in the radioactive and stable isotopelabeling of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in nanotoxicology. Carbon isotopes were able to labeled intrinsically to the fullerene,carbon nanotubes and graphene,etc.,as tracers,which can easily distinguish the endogenous and exogenous sources of carbon elements of interest samples,be used to investigate quantitatively the absorption,distribution,metabolism and transformation of carbon nanomaterials in ecological system,and will provide a standard detection method and the key data for the risk evaluation of carbon nanomaterials in environment and health system in future.
引文
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