一垄双行深施肥机的设计与试验
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摘要
针对贵州山区烟草种植单垄单行、化肥浅施、施肥不精确等因素带来的问题,设计了一款适合贵州平坝地区使用的一垄双行深施肥机,可一次性完成起垄和精准深施肥作业。该机设计了垄面成型装置和精准施肥控制系统,使化肥深施且施肥量与机器行进速度匹配,实现了精准施肥。田间试验结果表明:该机可以一次性起垄,同时对两垄烟精准深施肥;起垄垄形饱满,垄高、垄顶宽、垄基宽变异系数分别为6.4%、1.5%、0.7%,合格率在92%以上;施肥稳定无断条,排肥防堵性能好,施肥效率达0.41hm~2/h,施肥量偏差控制在4.5 8%以内。该机起垄、施肥效果均满足农艺要求,为贵州烟区起垄施肥作业提供了参考。
For the purpose of solving problems caused by one row for one ridge and shallow application for fertilizer,a fertilizer deep applicator for twin-row within one ridge suitable for flatland regions of Guizhou was proposed. The applicator is capable of finishing ridging and precise fertilization in one time. Ridge forming device and precise fertilization control system of the applicator,realizing deep application for fertilizer and making fertilizer amount match with operation speed,were designed. Field experiment results indicated that this fertilizer applicator was capable of ridging in one time and applying fertilizer deep and precisely and could make well-shaped ridges with variable coefficients of ridge height,top width and base width of 6. 4%,1. 5% and 0. 7% while qulification rate of above 92%. With good fertilizer discharge rate and strong anti-blocking performance,the operation efficiency reached 0. 41hm2/h with deviation of fertilizing amount under 4. 58%. The applicator meets the requirements for agricultural technology of tobacco planting and provides reference for other deep applicator development in Guizhou tobacco-growing area.
For the purpose of solving problems caused by one row for one ridge and shallow application for fertilizer,a fertilizer deep applicator for twin-row within one ridge suitable for flatland regions of Guizhou was proposed. The applicator is capable of finishing ridging and precise fertilization in one time. Ridge forming device and precise fertilization control system of the applicator,realizing deep application for fertilizer and making fertilizer amount match with operation speed,were designed. Field experiment results indicated that this fertilizer applicator was capable of ridging in one time and applying fertilizer deep and precisely and could make well-shaped ridges with variable coefficients of ridge height,top width and base width of 6. 4%,1. 5% and 0. 7% while qulification rate of above 92%. With good fertilizer discharge rate and strong anti-blocking performance,the operation efficiency reached 0. 41hm2/h with deviation of fertilizing amount under 4. 58%. The applicator meets the requirements for agricultural technology of tobacco planting and provides reference for other deep applicator development in Guizhou tobacco-growing area.
引文
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[2]远鹏,龙慧,刘志杰.我国施肥技术与施肥机械的研究现状及对策[J].农机化研究,2015,37(4):255-260.
[3]李慧,佟秋成,陈魁,等.分层侧深施肥播种机的研发[J].中国农机化,2013,35(5):105-108.
[4]许鑫,张浩,席磊,等.基于Web GIS的小麦精准施肥决策系统[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):94-98.
[5]古玉雪,苑进,刘成良,等.基于模糊系统的开度转速双变量施肥控制序列生成方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):134-139.
[6]何进,李洪文.1QL-70型固定垄起垄机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(7):55-60.
[7]蒋春燕,耿端阳,孟鹏翔,等.基于电动驱动的玉米精量播种机智能化株距控制系统设计[J].农机化研究,2015,37(5):100-104.
[8]侯蕊,朱瑞祥.变量撒肥机设计参数研究及控制系统设计[J].农机化研究,2015,37(4):114-116.
[9]邵利敏,王秀,刘晓颖,等.基于PLC的变量施肥控制系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(11):84-87.