桥梁事故的统计特征分析及安全风险防控原则
|
摘要
研究目的:近年来,桥梁坍塌事故屡有发生。为充分认识这些事故背后共同的力学机理和坍塌原因,以便能在桥梁建设运营的各环节有针对性地做好安全风险防控,降低桥梁坍塌事故率,故开展本研究。研究结论:(1)通过对大量桥梁坍塌破坏事故的统计分析,获得了各类桥型、各种破坏原因下桥梁事故的统计分布特征,结果显示:刚构桥的综合安全性最好,而拱桥相对最差;施工自身因素是造成施工期桥梁坍塌破坏的主因,而运营期桥梁破坏多是车辆超载等车船因素造成的;(2)结合力学理论,在技术层面对桥梁破坏事故的共性原因进行了分析总结,得出:桥梁坍塌破坏是结构抗力和外部作用这对矛盾在发展中外因占据了主导地位后的结果;(3)探讨了桥梁在设计、施工等环节中应该注意的安全风险防控原则,并给出了相关建议;(4)本研究成果可为桥梁在设计、施工及运营维护阶段的安全风险防控工作提供指导和参考。
Research purposes: In recent years,the bridge collapse accidents have repeatedly happened. For fully recognizing the common mechanical mechanism and destruction causes behind of these accidents,so as to do well prevention and control work of security risk contrapuntally in bridge design,construction and maintenance stages,and to reduce accident rate of bridge collapse,the study was carried out.Research conclusions:( 1) By analyzing many collapse accidents of bridges,the statistical characteristics of all kinds of bridges and all kinds of destruction causes for bridge accidents were obtained. The results showed that the general safety of rigid frame bridge is the best and the arch bridge's is the poorest correspondingly; the self-factors of construction is the main cause of bridge collapse in construction period,and the factors of vehicle and ship as vehicle overload is the main cause of bridge collapse in operation period.( 2) By using mechanics method,the analysis and summary of common causes for collapse accidents were made on technological aspect. Then the cause of bridge collapse was put forward,and this is because that the external cause occupied the leading position in the contradiction of structural resistance andexternal force.( 3) The prevention principle of security risk of bridges in design and construction stages is discussed and proposed,and the relevant suggestions in bridge design,construction and operation stages are also given.( 4) The results can provide guidance and reference for the control work of security risk in bridge design,construction and operation maintenance.
Research purposes: In recent years,the bridge collapse accidents have repeatedly happened. For fully recognizing the common mechanical mechanism and destruction causes behind of these accidents,so as to do well prevention and control work of security risk contrapuntally in bridge design,construction and maintenance stages,and to reduce accident rate of bridge collapse,the study was carried out.Research conclusions:( 1) By analyzing many collapse accidents of bridges,the statistical characteristics of all kinds of bridges and all kinds of destruction causes for bridge accidents were obtained. The results showed that the general safety of rigid frame bridge is the best and the arch bridge's is the poorest correspondingly; the self-factors of construction is the main cause of bridge collapse in construction period,and the factors of vehicle and ship as vehicle overload is the main cause of bridge collapse in operation period.( 2) By using mechanics method,the analysis and summary of common causes for collapse accidents were made on technological aspect. Then the cause of bridge collapse was put forward,and this is because that the external cause occupied the leading position in the contradiction of structural resistance andexternal force.( 3) The prevention principle of security risk of bridges in design and construction stages is discussed and proposed,and the relevant suggestions in bridge design,construction and operation stages are also given.( 4) The results can provide guidance and reference for the control work of security risk in bridge design,construction and operation maintenance.
引文
[1]吉伯海,傅中秋.近年国内桥梁倒塌事故原因分析[J].土木工程学报,2010(S1):495-498.Ji Bohai,Fu Zhongqiu.Analysis of Chinese Bridge Collapse Accident Causes in Recent Years[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010(S1):495-498.
[2]张莉.桥梁工程坍塌事故风险分析与对策研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2011:33-35.Zhang Li.Construction Risk Analysis and Countermeasures Research of Bridges[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011:33-35.
[3]吴贤国,张立茂,陈跃庆.地铁施工邻近桥梁安全风险管理研究[J].铁道工程学报,2012(7):87-92.Wu Xianguo,Zhang Limao,Chen Yueqing.Study on Safety Risk Management in Construction of Metro Adjacent to Bridge[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012(7):87-92.
[4]李佩云,郝伟.中小型在役桥梁安全预警研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015(7):150-155.Li Peiyun,Hao Wei.Study on Early-warning of Middle and Small Existing Bridge[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015(7):150-155.
[5]Edgar E.Muoz Diaz,Federico Núnez Moreno,Jamshid Mohammadi.Investigation of Common Causes of Bridge Collapse in Colombia[J].Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction,2009(14):194-200.
[6]刘小勇,沈立,孙明义.桥梁工程规划设计阶段施工安全风险评估的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012(8):79-83.Liu Xiaoyong,Shen Li,Sun Mingyi.Research on the Construction Safety Risk Assessment in the Planningand Design Stages of Bridge Engineering[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012(8):79-83.
[7]王东升,王吉英,孙治国,等.汶川大地震简支梁桥落梁震害与设计对策[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011(5):595-600.Wang Dongsheng,Wang Jiying,Sun Zhiguo,etc.Unseating Damage to Simply Supported Bridges during Wenchuan Earthquake and Design Countermeasures[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011(5):595-600.
[2]张莉.桥梁工程坍塌事故风险分析与对策研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2011:33-35.Zhang Li.Construction Risk Analysis and Countermeasures Research of Bridges[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011:33-35.
[3]吴贤国,张立茂,陈跃庆.地铁施工邻近桥梁安全风险管理研究[J].铁道工程学报,2012(7):87-92.Wu Xianguo,Zhang Limao,Chen Yueqing.Study on Safety Risk Management in Construction of Metro Adjacent to Bridge[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012(7):87-92.
[4]李佩云,郝伟.中小型在役桥梁安全预警研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015(7):150-155.Li Peiyun,Hao Wei.Study on Early-warning of Middle and Small Existing Bridge[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015(7):150-155.
[5]Edgar E.Muoz Diaz,Federico Núnez Moreno,Jamshid Mohammadi.Investigation of Common Causes of Bridge Collapse in Colombia[J].Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction,2009(14):194-200.
[6]刘小勇,沈立,孙明义.桥梁工程规划设计阶段施工安全风险评估的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012(8):79-83.Liu Xiaoyong,Shen Li,Sun Mingyi.Research on the Construction Safety Risk Assessment in the Planningand Design Stages of Bridge Engineering[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012(8):79-83.
[7]王东升,王吉英,孙治国,等.汶川大地震简支梁桥落梁震害与设计对策[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011(5):595-600.Wang Dongsheng,Wang Jiying,Sun Zhiguo,etc.Unseating Damage to Simply Supported Bridges during Wenchuan Earthquake and Design Countermeasures[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011(5):595-600.