缓倾斜煤层孤岛工作面巷道底鼓机制及控制
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摘要
针对缓倾斜煤层孤岛工作面回采巷道底鼓严重的状况,以庞庞塔矿5煤107工作面运输顺槽为研究背景,测试了顶底板的矿物成分、微观结构,利用物理模拟研究了底鼓机制,结果表明:①107工作面运输顺槽底板以高岭石为主,膨胀性岩石成分较低,岩石内部空隙较少,结构致密,强度高;②107工作面运输顺槽底鼓属于挤压流动性底鼓,掘进期间发生的是浅部岩层整体弯曲,在采动超前支承压力影响阶段,底板上位坚硬岩层超过其抗弯强度而发生破断,下位软弱底板解除约束,变形急剧增加,帮角出现裂隙,底板变形出现剧烈变形区、受限变形区、变形过渡区;③107工作面运输顺槽底鼓机制为:坚硬底板在高应力下的挤压流动是造成底鼓的主要原因,缓倾斜煤层巷道底板存在三角煤和底板岩石中存在少量膨胀性岩石对底鼓影响较小。针对性提出了采用开挖卸压槽释放压力方式进行底鼓治理,现场实测表明所提措施可有效降低巷道底鼓量。
In view of the serious situation of the gateway floor heave on island face of gently inclined coal seam,the mineral composition and microstructure of the roof and floor slabs were tested on the background of the 107 th working face in Pangpangta Mine.The deformation mechanism of gateway floor was studied by physical simulation.The results show that:1)The lithology of the headentry floor at the 107 th working face is mainly kaolinite,which has less expansive composition.The rock mass has fewer internal voids,dense structure and high strength;2)The headentry floor heave of the 107 th working face,which occurs during the excavation and belongs to extrusion and fluidity type,is the overall bending of the shallow rock strata.At the stage when the advance bearing pressure is used for mining,the upper hard rock layer of the floor exceeds its flexural strength and breaks.Thus,the restraint on the lower soft floor is removed and deformation increases sharply.Cracks appear at the corner and severe deformation zone,limited deforma tion zone and deformation transition zone appear sequentially in the floor;3)the mechanism of the headentry floor heave at 107 working face is as follows:extrusion flow of the hard floor under high stress is the main reason for the floor heave,while the existence of a small amount of expansive rock in the floor of the gently inclined coal seam has little effect on the formation of floor heave.Aiming at the specificity,the excavation pressure relief tank was adopted to release the pressure and mitigate the floor heave.On-site measurement shows that the proposed measures can effectively reduce the degree of headentry floor heave.
In view of the serious situation of the gateway floor heave on island face of gently inclined coal seam,the mineral composition and microstructure of the roof and floor slabs were tested on the background of the 107 th working face in Pangpangta Mine.The deformation mechanism of gateway floor was studied by physical simulation.The results show that:1)The lithology of the headentry floor at the 107 th working face is mainly kaolinite,which has less expansive composition.The rock mass has fewer internal voids,dense structure and high strength;2)The headentry floor heave of the 107 th working face,which occurs during the excavation and belongs to extrusion and fluidity type,is the overall bending of the shallow rock strata.At the stage when the advance bearing pressure is used for mining,the upper hard rock layer of the floor exceeds its flexural strength and breaks.Thus,the restraint on the lower soft floor is removed and deformation increases sharply.Cracks appear at the corner and severe deformation zone,limited deforma tion zone and deformation transition zone appear sequentially in the floor;3)the mechanism of the headentry floor heave at 107 working face is as follows:extrusion flow of the hard floor under high stress is the main reason for the floor heave,while the existence of a small amount of expansive rock in the floor of the gently inclined coal seam has little effect on the formation of floor heave.Aiming at the specificity,the excavation pressure relief tank was adopted to release the pressure and mitigate the floor heave.On-site measurement shows that the proposed measures can effectively reduce the degree of headentry floor heave.
引文
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[13]张蓓.厚层放顶煤小煤柱沿空巷道采动影响段围岩变形机理与强化控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.Zhang B.Deformation mechanisms and strengthen technology for the gob-side roadway surrounding rock under mining influenced in top coal caving face with thick layer[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[14]冯宇,姜福兴,李京达.孤岛工作面围岩整体失稳冲击危险性评估方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.Feng Y,Jiang F X,Li J D.Evaluation method of rock burst hazard induced by overall instability of island coal face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.(in Chinese)
[15]张炜,张东升,陈建本,等.孤岛工作面窄煤柱沿空掘巷围岩变形控制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):36-42,55.Zhang W,Zhang D Sh,Chen J B,et al.Control of surrounding rock deformation for gob-side entry driving in narrow coal pillar of island coalface[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2014,43(1):36-42,55.(in Chinese)
[2]康红普,陆士良.巷道底鼓机理的分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):362-373.Kang H P,Lu Sh L.Analysis of roadway floor heave mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):362-373.(in Chinese)
[3]王卫军,侯朝炯.沿空巷道底鼓力学原理及控制技术的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):69-74.Wang W J,Hou Ch J.Study on mechanical principal and control technique of floor heave in roadway driven along next goaf[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):69-74.(in Chinese)
[4]王炯,郝育喜,郭志飚,等.亭南煤矿东翼轨道大巷底鼓力学机制及控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):291-297.Wang J,Hao Y X,Guo Zh B,et al.Floor heave mechacism and control technology for east rail roadway of Tingnan coal mine[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):291-297.(in Chinese)
[5]常聚才,谢广祥.深部岩巷底鼓机理及底板超挖锚注回填技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(3):361-369.Chang J C,Xie G X.Floor heave mechanism and overexcavation and grouting-backfilling technology in rock roadway of deep mine[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(3):361-369.(in Chinese)
[6]杨军,石海洋.亭南煤矿深部软岩巷道底鼓“四控”机理及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):247-252.Yang J,Shi H Y.Mechanics and application of four floor heave control technology of deep soft rock roadway in Tingnan coal mine[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):247-252.(in Chinese)
[7]梁小龙.孤岛工作面覆岩结构破坏与矿压显现规律研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2017.Liang X L.Study on the failure of overlying strata structure and the regular of strata pressure behavior in isolated working face[D].Handan:Hebei University of Engineering,2017.(in Chinese)
[8]王兆会,程占博.“两硬”条件下孤岛型短煤柱工作面顶板破断形态及灾害防治分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增2):4 018-4 028.Wang Zh H,Chen Zh B.Hard roof fracturing form and dynamic disaster control in short island mining face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Sup 2):4 018-4 028.(in Chinese)
[9]杨伟利.煤矿孤岛工作面冲击危险性识别与防冲研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2016.Yang W L.Risk recognition and prevention of rock bursts in mining of island longwall panel[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Science and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[10]姜福兴,成功,冯宇,等.两侧不规则采空区孤岛工作面煤体整体冲击失稳研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增2):4 164-4 170.Jiang F X,Cheng G,Feng Y,et al.Research on coal overall instability of isolated working face with irregular gobs on both sides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):4 164-4 170.(in Chinese)
[11]杨朋,华心祝,杨科,等.深井复合顶板条件下沿空留巷顶板变形特征试验及控制对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(6):1 067-1 074.Yang P,Hua X Zh,Yang K,et al.Experiment of compound roof deformation characteristics of gob-side retaining entry in deep mine and support measures[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(6):1 067-1 074.(in Chinese)
[12]华心祝,杨朋.深井大断面沿空留巷底板变形动态演化特征研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(3):494-501.Hua X Zh,Yang P.Floor deformation dynamic evolution of gob-side entry retaining with large section in deep mine[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2018,47(3):494-501.(in Chinese)
[13]张蓓.厚层放顶煤小煤柱沿空巷道采动影响段围岩变形机理与强化控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.Zhang B.Deformation mechanisms and strengthen technology for the gob-side roadway surrounding rock under mining influenced in top coal caving face with thick layer[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[14]冯宇,姜福兴,李京达.孤岛工作面围岩整体失稳冲击危险性评估方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.Feng Y,Jiang F X,Li J D.Evaluation method of rock burst hazard induced by overall instability of island coal face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.(in Chinese)
[15]张炜,张东升,陈建本,等.孤岛工作面窄煤柱沿空掘巷围岩变形控制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):36-42,55.Zhang W,Zhang D Sh,Chen J B,et al.Control of surrounding rock deformation for gob-side entry driving in narrow coal pillar of island coalface[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2014,43(1):36-42,55.(in Chinese)