炼厂干气的综合利用
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摘要
炼厂干气是重要的化工原料,对炼厂干气的利用途径主要有:通过分离净化将干气中的乙烯、乙烷、丙烯和丙烷等轻烃回收,直接进入乙烯装置;将干气中的稀乙烯作为生产乙苯、环氧乙烷和二氯乙烷等化工产品的原料。炼厂干气分离的主要方法有深冷分离法、变压吸附法、中冷油吸收法、金属盐络合吸收法及膜分离法。变压吸附法及中冷油吸收法技术成熟,当干气回收规模较大时一般采用这两种方法;当干气回收规模较小时,可以采用金属盐络合吸收法,膜分离法尚未实现产业化。干气中乙烯的化工应用最为成熟的是干气中的稀乙烯制乙苯,已经建成大规模工业装置;国内外已经开展了干气中乙烯用于环氧乙烷及丙醛的研究,但尚未见产业化报道;干气中乙烯和氢气含量较高,国内已经开发出在不改变炼厂干气原料浓度的情况下直接进行氢甲酰化反应制备丙醛的方法,以及利用炼厂干气中的乙烯生产对甲基乙苯、二氯乙烷、汽油调和组分等工艺方法。
Refinery dry gas is important chemical raw material.The utilization of refinery dry gas mainly include recovering light hydrocarbons such as ethylene,ethane,propylene and propane in the dry gas via separation and purification and directly sending them into ethylene plant,and using the dilute ethylene in dry gas as the raw material to produce chemical products such as ethylbenzene,ethylene oxide and dichloroethane.The separation methods for refinery dry gas mainly include cryogenic separation,pressure swing adsorption,low temperature oil absorption,metal salt complex absorption and membrane separation.Pressure swing adsorption and low temperature oil absorption are mature technologies,and they are generally used if a large amount of dry gas is to be recovered.When the amount of dry gas to be recovered is small,metal salt complex absorption can be used,and membrane separation has not been commercialized.The most mature chemical application of the ethylene in dry gas is using the dilute ethylene in dry gas to produce ethylbenzene,for which large-scale industrial unit has been built.Researches on using the ethylene in dry gas to produce ethylene oxide and propionic aldehyde have been carried out at home and abroad,but its industrialization has not been reported yet.The ethylene content and hydrogen content in dry gas are relatively high.China has developed the method for directly preparing propionic aldehyde via hydroformylation without changing the concentration of refinery dry gas raw materials and the processes for using the ethylene in refinery dry gas to pro-duce p-methylethylbenzene,dichloroethane and gasoline blending components.
Refinery dry gas is important chemical raw material.The utilization of refinery dry gas mainly include recovering light hydrocarbons such as ethylene,ethane,propylene and propane in the dry gas via separation and purification and directly sending them into ethylene plant,and using the dilute ethylene in dry gas as the raw material to produce chemical products such as ethylbenzene,ethylene oxide and dichloroethane.The separation methods for refinery dry gas mainly include cryogenic separation,pressure swing adsorption,low temperature oil absorption,metal salt complex absorption and membrane separation.Pressure swing adsorption and low temperature oil absorption are mature technologies,and they are generally used if a large amount of dry gas is to be recovered.When the amount of dry gas to be recovered is small,metal salt complex absorption can be used,and membrane separation has not been commercialized.The most mature chemical application of the ethylene in dry gas is using the dilute ethylene in dry gas to produce ethylbenzene,for which large-scale industrial unit has been built.Researches on using the ethylene in dry gas to produce ethylene oxide and propionic aldehyde have been carried out at home and abroad,but its industrialization has not been reported yet.The ethylene content and hydrogen content in dry gas are relatively high.China has developed the method for directly preparing propionic aldehyde via hydroformylation without changing the concentration of refinery dry gas raw materials and the processes for using the ethylene in refinery dry gas to pro-duce p-methylethylbenzene,dichloroethane and gasoline blending components.
引文
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[20]王子健,于中伟,马爱增,等.利用炼厂干气生产汽油的催化剂及其制备方法:中国,102950017A[P].2013-03-06.
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[3]王浩人,李东风.炼厂干气中乙烯的回收和利用[J].精细与专用化学品,2017,25(2):17-22.
[4]孙吉庆.PSA复合常温油吸收工艺技术回收炼厂干气中乙烯资源[J].乙烯工业,2017,29(3):1-7.
[5]王洪光,王立国.炼厂干气回收轻烃技术评述[J].炼油技术与工程,2009,39(12):8-11.
[6]白宇辰,高耸.炼油厂干气中碳二回收新工艺[J].石油炼制与化工.2018,49(6):28-32.
[7]徐文东,陈敏,关建郁,等.炼油厂干气变压吸附回收乙烯和氢气的装置:中国,202569906[P].2012-12-05.
[8]刘丽,陈中明,姜宏,等.浅析吸附法回收炼厂干气中乙烯资源效率的影响因素[J].天然气化工,2017,42(4):69-71.
[9]许峥,周荣琪,段占庭.络合吸收法分离烯烃/烷烃[J].化工进展,2000,19(3):14-17.
[10]程建民,李东风,廖丽华,等.一种采用油吸收分离炼厂干气的装置及方法:中国,101812322A[P].2013-05-08.
[11]朱方明.催化干气制乙苯技术研究[J].科技创新导报,2011(23):8.
[12]上海动画环境工程有限公司.从炼厂干气中分离回收轻烃的工艺:中国,1919975A[P].2007-02-28.
[13]李建伟,王嘉,刘学玲,等.催化干气制乙苯第三代技术的工业应用[J].化工进展,2010,29(9):1790-1795.
[14]戴益,申永贵,郑长有,等.大庆炼化100kt/a催化干气制乙苯装置工业应用[J].当代化工,2011,40(10):1042-1047.
[15]赵明军,吕艳,李忠玲,等.干气制乙苯装置运行及新工艺技术开发[J].当代化工,2015,44(3):586-589.
[16]冯帅.第三代干气制乙苯装置全流程模拟与优化[D].北京:北京化工大学,2015.
[17]高政,谷彦丽,金积栓.催化裂化干气回收乙烯用于制备环氧乙烷的研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2003,34(4):35-39.
[18]杨富,陈兴娟,王正平.干气氢甲酰化合成丙醛研究进展[J].化学工程师,2005,113(2):42-43.
[19]王世亮,吕顺丰,黄凤兴,等.一种利用炼厂干气中乙烯制备丙醛的方法:中国,102442894A[P].2012-05-09.
[20]王子健,于中伟,马爱增,等.利用炼厂干气生产汽油的催化剂及其制备方法:中国,102950017A[P].2013-03-06.