沉积地质学发展新航程——地震沉积学
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摘要
地震沉积学是在地震地层学和层序地层学基础上发展起来的、沉积地质学与地球物理学相互交叉的新兴学科,在刻画薄层砂体、表征储集层和预测岩性圈闭等方面发挥了重要作用。在表述地震沉积学发展简史的基础上,介绍了地震沉积学的基本概念、基本原理和主要研究流程;在建立精细层序地层格架基础上,重点阐述了90°相移、分频处理与频谱分解、属性优选、地层切片、地球物理反演、地震岩性解释和RGB (红色、绿色、蓝色)地震属性融合等地震沉积学关键技术以及地震沉积相实例分析。认为中国地震沉积学应该围绕不同类型沉积盆地开展油气勘探阶段地震地貌学(地震沉积相模式)和复杂(多样)地震岩性学综合研究,在油气开发阶段,充分利用RGB地震属性融合等多种地球物理方法技术,开展多种成因类型砂体构型和储集层定量表征研究。综合研究表明,地震沉积学是沉积地质学发展的新航程。
Seismic sedimentology is an emerging interdisciplinary subject between sedimentary geology and geophysics developed on the basis of seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy,which exerts a great influence on delineation of thin-bed sand-bodies,reservoir characterization,prediction of lithographic traps. The fundamental concepts,principles and main work-flows of seismic sedimentology have been well introduced based on its brief development history,several critical technologies regarding seismic sedimentology namely as 90° phase shift,frequency division processing,spectrum decomposition,attribute optimization,stratal slicing,geophysical inversion,seismic lithological interpretation,and RGB blending of seismic attributes as well as case study of seismic sedimentary facies have been well clarified within detailed sequence stratigraphic frameworks. Discussion shows that seismic geomorphological( seismic sedimentary facies model) and complicated seismic lithological study during the stage of hydrocarbon exploration should be conducted in sedimentary basins with various type when concerning seismic sedimentology in China,and the architecture of sand-bodies with different genesis and quantitative reservoir characterization are well implemented with RGB blending of seismic attributes and many other geophysical technologies during the stage of hydrocarbon exploitation,which will be the new development trend of sedimentary geology.
Seismic sedimentology is an emerging interdisciplinary subject between sedimentary geology and geophysics developed on the basis of seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy,which exerts a great influence on delineation of thin-bed sand-bodies,reservoir characterization,prediction of lithographic traps. The fundamental concepts,principles and main work-flows of seismic sedimentology have been well introduced based on its brief development history,several critical technologies regarding seismic sedimentology namely as 90° phase shift,frequency division processing,spectrum decomposition,attribute optimization,stratal slicing,geophysical inversion,seismic lithological interpretation,and RGB blending of seismic attributes as well as case study of seismic sedimentary facies have been well clarified within detailed sequence stratigraphic frameworks. Discussion shows that seismic geomorphological( seismic sedimentary facies model) and complicated seismic lithological study during the stage of hydrocarbon exploration should be conducted in sedimentary basins with various type when concerning seismic sedimentology in China,and the architecture of sand-bodies with different genesis and quantitative reservoir characterization are well implemented with RGB blending of seismic attributes and many other geophysical technologies during the stage of hydrocarbon exploitation,which will be the new development trend of sedimentary geology.
引文
成荣红,杨斌,黄科,徐文圣.2013.地震多属性融合成像技术在储层预测中的应用.天然气技术与经济,7(4):29-32.[Cheng RH,Yang B,Huang K,Xu W S.2013.Application of seismic attributes-imaging to reservoir prediction.Natural Gas Technology and E-conomy,7(4):29-32]
丁峰,年永吉,王治国,尹成,古发明.2010.地震多属性RGBA颜色融合技术的应用研究.石油物探,49(3):248-252.[Ding F,Nian Y J,Wang Z G,Yin C,Gu F M.2010.Application of seismic multi-attributes RGBA color blending.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,49(3):248-252]
董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.2006.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术.沉积学报,24(5):699-704.[Dong C M,Zhang X G,Lin C Y.2006.Concepts,methodologies,and technologies of the seismic sedimentology.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(5):699-704]
李婷婷,王钊,马世忠,王昭,袁子龙.2015.地震属性融合方法综述.地球物理学进展,30(1):378-385.[Li T T,Wang Z,Ma S Z,Wang Z,Yuan Z L.2015.Summary of seismic attributes fusion method.Progress in Geophysics,30(1):378-385]
李艳芳,程建远,朱书阶,王成.2009.基于RGB渲染技术的地震多属性分析技术.煤炭学报,34(11):1512-1516.[Li Y F,Cheng JY,Zhu S J,Wang C.2009.Seismic multi-attribute analysis based on RGB color blending technology.Journal of China Coal Society,34(11):1512-1516]
林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.2007.地震沉积学及其初步应用.石油学报,28(2):69-71.[Lin C Y,Zhang X G,Dong C M.2007.Concepts of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary applications.Acta Petrolei Sinica,28(2):69-71]
于建国,韩文功,刘力辉.2006.分频反演方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,41(2):193-197.[Yu J G,Han W G,Liu L H.2006.Frequency-divided inversion and application.Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,41(2):193-197]
岳大力,李伟,王军,王武荣,李健.2018a.基于分频融合地震属性的曲流带预测与点坝识别:以渤海湾盆地埕岛油田馆陶组为例.古地理学报,20(6):999-1008.[Yue D L,Li W,Wang J,Wang W R,Li J.2018a.Prediction of meandering belt and point bar recognition based onspectral decomposed and fused seismic attributes:A case study of the Guantao Formation,Chengdao Oilfield,Bohai Bay Basin.Journal of Paleogeography(Chinese Edition),20(6):999-1008]
岳大力,胡光义,李伟,范廷恩,胡嘉靖,乔慧丽.2018b.井震结合的曲流河储层构型表征方法及其应用:以秦皇岛32-6油田为例.中国海上油气,30(1):99-109.[Yue D L,Hu G Y,Li W,Fan TE,Hu J J,Qiao H H.2018b.Meandering fluvial reservoir architecture characterization method and application by combining well logging and seismic data:A case study of QHD32-6 oilfield.China Offshore Oil and Gas,30(1):99-109]
曾洪流.2011.地震沉积学在中国:回顾与展望.沉积学报,29(3):417-426.[Zeng H L.2011.Seismic Sedimentology in China:AReview.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,29(3):417-426]
曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,张庆石.2012.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范.石油勘探与开发,39(3):295-304.[Zeng H L,Zhu X M,Zhu R K,Zhang Q S.2012.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine postrift basins.Petroleum Exploration and Development,39(3):295-304]
张驰,朱博华,刘培金,李宇航,张在金.2013.RGB多地震属性融合技术在河道检测中的应用.见:中国地球物理2013-第二十分会场论文集.北京:中国地球物理学会,712-713.[Zhang C,Zhu B H,Liu P J,Li Y H,Zhang Z J.2013.The application of RGBblending of multi-seismic attributes to channel detection.In:Geophysics in China Transaction of 20th Sessions.Beijing:China Geophysical Union,712-713]
朱红涛,杨香华,周心怀,李建平,王德英,李敏.2011.基于层序地层学和地震沉积学的高精度三维沉积体系:以渤中凹陷西斜坡BZ3-1区块东营组为例.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),36(6):1073-1084.[Zhu H T,Yang X H,Zhou X H,Li J P,Wang D Y,Li M.2011.High resolution three-dimensional facies architecture delineation using sequence stratigraphy,seismic sedimentology:Example from Dongying Formation in BZ3-1 block of western slope of Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,36(6):1073-1084]
朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,彭伟民.2009.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用.沉积学报,27(5):915-921.[Zhu X M,Liu C L,Zhang Y N,Peng W M.2009.On seismic sedimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(5):915-921]
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朱筱敏,赵东娜,曾洪流,孙玉,朱如凯,黄薇,朱世发.2013.松辽盆地齐家地区青山口组浅水三角洲沉积特征及其地震沉积学响应.沉积学报,31(5):889-897.[Zhu X M,Zhao D N,Zeng HL,Sun Y,Zhu R K,Huang W,Zhu S F.2013.Sedimentary characteristics and seismic sedimentologic responses of shallow-water delta of Qingshankou Formation in Qijia area,Songliao Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(5):889-897]
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董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.2006.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术.沉积学报,24(5):699-704.[Dong C M,Zhang X G,Lin C Y.2006.Concepts,methodologies,and technologies of the seismic sedimentology.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(5):699-704]
李婷婷,王钊,马世忠,王昭,袁子龙.2015.地震属性融合方法综述.地球物理学进展,30(1):378-385.[Li T T,Wang Z,Ma S Z,Wang Z,Yuan Z L.2015.Summary of seismic attributes fusion method.Progress in Geophysics,30(1):378-385]
李艳芳,程建远,朱书阶,王成.2009.基于RGB渲染技术的地震多属性分析技术.煤炭学报,34(11):1512-1516.[Li Y F,Cheng JY,Zhu S J,Wang C.2009.Seismic multi-attribute analysis based on RGB color blending technology.Journal of China Coal Society,34(11):1512-1516]
林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.2007.地震沉积学及其初步应用.石油学报,28(2):69-71.[Lin C Y,Zhang X G,Dong C M.2007.Concepts of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary applications.Acta Petrolei Sinica,28(2):69-71]
于建国,韩文功,刘力辉.2006.分频反演方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,41(2):193-197.[Yu J G,Han W G,Liu L H.2006.Frequency-divided inversion and application.Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,41(2):193-197]
岳大力,李伟,王军,王武荣,李健.2018a.基于分频融合地震属性的曲流带预测与点坝识别:以渤海湾盆地埕岛油田馆陶组为例.古地理学报,20(6):999-1008.[Yue D L,Li W,Wang J,Wang W R,Li J.2018a.Prediction of meandering belt and point bar recognition based onspectral decomposed and fused seismic attributes:A case study of the Guantao Formation,Chengdao Oilfield,Bohai Bay Basin.Journal of Paleogeography(Chinese Edition),20(6):999-1008]
岳大力,胡光义,李伟,范廷恩,胡嘉靖,乔慧丽.2018b.井震结合的曲流河储层构型表征方法及其应用:以秦皇岛32-6油田为例.中国海上油气,30(1):99-109.[Yue D L,Hu G Y,Li W,Fan TE,Hu J J,Qiao H H.2018b.Meandering fluvial reservoir architecture characterization method and application by combining well logging and seismic data:A case study of QHD32-6 oilfield.China Offshore Oil and Gas,30(1):99-109]
曾洪流.2011.地震沉积学在中国:回顾与展望.沉积学报,29(3):417-426.[Zeng H L.2011.Seismic Sedimentology in China:AReview.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,29(3):417-426]
曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,张庆石.2012.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范.石油勘探与开发,39(3):295-304.[Zeng H L,Zhu X M,Zhu R K,Zhang Q S.2012.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine postrift basins.Petroleum Exploration and Development,39(3):295-304]
张驰,朱博华,刘培金,李宇航,张在金.2013.RGB多地震属性融合技术在河道检测中的应用.见:中国地球物理2013-第二十分会场论文集.北京:中国地球物理学会,712-713.[Zhang C,Zhu B H,Liu P J,Li Y H,Zhang Z J.2013.The application of RGBblending of multi-seismic attributes to channel detection.In:Geophysics in China Transaction of 20th Sessions.Beijing:China Geophysical Union,712-713]
朱红涛,杨香华,周心怀,李建平,王德英,李敏.2011.基于层序地层学和地震沉积学的高精度三维沉积体系:以渤中凹陷西斜坡BZ3-1区块东营组为例.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),36(6):1073-1084.[Zhu H T,Yang X H,Zhou X H,Li J P,Wang D Y,Li M.2011.High resolution three-dimensional facies architecture delineation using sequence stratigraphy,seismic sedimentology:Example from Dongying Formation in BZ3-1 block of western slope of Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,36(6):1073-1084]
朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,彭伟民.2009.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用.沉积学报,27(5):915-921.[Zhu X M,Liu C L,Zhang Y N,Peng W M.2009.On seismic sedimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(5):915-921]
朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,罗琪,王敏,杨道庆,罗家群,刘桂兰.2011a.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究:以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例.石油与天然气地质,32(4):615-624.[Zhu X M,Dong YL,Hu T H,Luo Q,Wang M,Yang D Q,Luo J Q,Liu G L.2011.Seismic sedimentary study of fine sequence stratigraphy framework:A case study of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Sag.Oil&Gas Geology,32(4):615-624]
朱筱敏,曾洪流,董艳蕾,等.译.曾洪流,等.著.2011b.地震沉积学(译文集).北京:石油工业出版社.[Zhu X M,Zeng H L,Dong YL,et al.(Translators).Zeng H L,et al.(Authors).2011.Collected Works of Seismic Sedimentology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
朱筱敏,赵东娜,曾洪流,孙玉,朱如凯,黄薇,朱世发.2013.松辽盆地齐家地区青山口组浅水三角洲沉积特征及其地震沉积学响应.沉积学报,31(5):889-897.[Zhu X M,Zhao D N,Zeng HL,Sun Y,Zhu R K,Huang W,Zhu S F.2013.Sedimentary characteristics and seismic sedimentologic responses of shallow-water delta of Qingshankou Formation in Qijia area,Songliao Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(5):889-897]
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