铝电解槽阳极形状对气泡排出的影响
|
摘要
铝电解槽阳极气泡行为对工艺参数敏感,因此,采用透明电解槽研究阳极倾斜和阳极倒角对气泡析出行为的影响.结果表明:当阳极倾斜度较小(小于2°)时,倾角的变化对气泡行为影响较小;当阳极倾斜度大于2°时,阳极倾斜角的增加会明显加速气泡运动速度但减小气泡尺寸和覆盖率;在倾斜阳极上观测到类似"Fortin"气泡;阳极倒角会一定程度减小气泡尺寸和覆盖率,但对加快气泡脱离速度的作用并不显著.
The behavior of anodic bubbles in the aluminum electrolytic cells is sensitive to the electrolysis parameters.So,transparent electrolysis cells are used to study the effects of inclined anode and rounded anode on the bubble behavior in a similar environment used in industrial cells.The results show that when the inclined angle is below 2°,the change in angle has little effect on bubble behavior,and when the inclined angle is above 2°,the bubble velocity increases significantly and the bubble size and coverage ratio decrease with the angle increasing.Moreover," Fortin"-like bubbles are observed on the inclined anodes.The rounded anode reduces the bubble size and coverage ratio at a certain degree,while it does not promote bubbles releasing obviously.
The behavior of anodic bubbles in the aluminum electrolytic cells is sensitive to the electrolysis parameters.So,transparent electrolysis cells are used to study the effects of inclined anode and rounded anode on the bubble behavior in a similar environment used in industrial cells.The results show that when the inclined angle is below 2°,the change in angle has little effect on bubble behavior,and when the inclined angle is above 2°,the bubble velocity increases significantly and the bubble size and coverage ratio decrease with the angle increasing.Moreover," Fortin"-like bubbles are observed on the inclined anodes.The rounded anode reduces the bubble size and coverage ratio at a certain degree,while it does not promote bubbles releasing obviously.
引文
[1]Haupin W E.Scanning reference electrode for voltage contours in aluminum smelting cells[J].Journal of Metals,1971,23(10):46-49.
[2]Wang X W,Tarcy G,Whelan S,et al.Development and deployment of slotted anode technology at Alcoa[J].Essential Readings in Light Metals,2007,2:539-544.
[3]Meier M W,Perruchould R C,Werner K,et al.Production and performance of slotted anodes[J].Light Metals,2007:277-282.
[4]Fortin S,Gerhardt M,Gesing A J.Physical modeling of bubble behavior and gas-release from aluminum reduction cell anodes[J].Light Metals,1984:721-741.
[5]Vekony K,Kiss K L.Experimental study of the morphology and dynamics of gas-laden layers under the anodes in an airwater model of aluminum reduction cells[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,2012,43(5):1086-1097.
[6]Shekhar R,Evans J W.Physical modeling studies of electrolyte flow due to gas evolution and some aspects of bubble behavior in advanced hall cells:part 1.Flow in cells with a flat anode[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,1994,25(3):333-340.
[7]Wang Y F,Zhang L F,Zuo X.Fluid flow and bubble behavior in the aluminum electrolysis cell[J].Light Metals,2009:581-586.
[8]Solheim A,Johansen S T.Gas induced bath circulation in aluminum reduction cell[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1989,19(5):703-712.
[9]Alam M,Yang W,Mohanarangam K,et al.Investigation of anodic gas film behavior in Hall-Héroult cell using low temperature electrolyte[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,2013,44(5):1155-1165.
[10]Qian K,Chen J J J,Matheou N.Visual observation of bubbles at horizontal electrodes and resistance measurements on vertical electrodes[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1997,27(4):434-440.
[11]Qian K,Chen Z,Chen J J J.Bubble coverage and bubble resistance using cells with horizontal electrode[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1998,28(10):1141-1145.
[12]Xue J,ye H.Bubble behavior-cell voltage oscillation during aluminum electrolysis and the effects of sound and ultrasound[J].Light Metals,1995:265-271.
[13]Utigard T A,Toguri J M.Anode gas behavior during electrolysis[J].Light Metals,1986:405-413.
[14]Cassayre L,Utigard T A,Bouvet S.Visualizing gas evolution on graphite and oxygen-evolving anode[J].JOM,2002,54(5):41-45.
[15]Zhao Z B,Gao B L,Feng Y Q,et al.Anodic bubble behavior and voltage drop in a laboratory transparent aluminum electrolysis cell[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,2016,47(3):1962-1976.
[16]Zhao Z B,Gao B L,Feng Y Q,et al.Effects of anode wettability and slots on anodic bubble behavior using transparent aluminum electrolytic cells[J].JOM,2017,69(2):281-291.
[17]Perron A,Kiss L I,Poncsák S.An experimental investigation of the motion of single bubbles under a slightly inclined surface[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2006,32(5):606-622.
[18]Maxworthy T.Bubble rise under an inclined plate[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1991,229:659-674.
[2]Wang X W,Tarcy G,Whelan S,et al.Development and deployment of slotted anode technology at Alcoa[J].Essential Readings in Light Metals,2007,2:539-544.
[3]Meier M W,Perruchould R C,Werner K,et al.Production and performance of slotted anodes[J].Light Metals,2007:277-282.
[4]Fortin S,Gerhardt M,Gesing A J.Physical modeling of bubble behavior and gas-release from aluminum reduction cell anodes[J].Light Metals,1984:721-741.
[5]Vekony K,Kiss K L.Experimental study of the morphology and dynamics of gas-laden layers under the anodes in an airwater model of aluminum reduction cells[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,2012,43(5):1086-1097.
[6]Shekhar R,Evans J W.Physical modeling studies of electrolyte flow due to gas evolution and some aspects of bubble behavior in advanced hall cells:part 1.Flow in cells with a flat anode[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,1994,25(3):333-340.
[7]Wang Y F,Zhang L F,Zuo X.Fluid flow and bubble behavior in the aluminum electrolysis cell[J].Light Metals,2009:581-586.
[8]Solheim A,Johansen S T.Gas induced bath circulation in aluminum reduction cell[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1989,19(5):703-712.
[9]Alam M,Yang W,Mohanarangam K,et al.Investigation of anodic gas film behavior in Hall-Héroult cell using low temperature electrolyte[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,2013,44(5):1155-1165.
[10]Qian K,Chen J J J,Matheou N.Visual observation of bubbles at horizontal electrodes and resistance measurements on vertical electrodes[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1997,27(4):434-440.
[11]Qian K,Chen Z,Chen J J J.Bubble coverage and bubble resistance using cells with horizontal electrode[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1998,28(10):1141-1145.
[12]Xue J,ye H.Bubble behavior-cell voltage oscillation during aluminum electrolysis and the effects of sound and ultrasound[J].Light Metals,1995:265-271.
[13]Utigard T A,Toguri J M.Anode gas behavior during electrolysis[J].Light Metals,1986:405-413.
[14]Cassayre L,Utigard T A,Bouvet S.Visualizing gas evolution on graphite and oxygen-evolving anode[J].JOM,2002,54(5):41-45.
[15]Zhao Z B,Gao B L,Feng Y Q,et al.Anodic bubble behavior and voltage drop in a laboratory transparent aluminum electrolysis cell[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:B,2016,47(3):1962-1976.
[16]Zhao Z B,Gao B L,Feng Y Q,et al.Effects of anode wettability and slots on anodic bubble behavior using transparent aluminum electrolytic cells[J].JOM,2017,69(2):281-291.
[17]Perron A,Kiss L I,Poncsák S.An experimental investigation of the motion of single bubbles under a slightly inclined surface[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2006,32(5):606-622.
[18]Maxworthy T.Bubble rise under an inclined plate[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1991,229:659-674.