黄淮棉区棉花品种种子萌发期低温耐受性评价
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摘要
【目的】通过对黄淮棉区不同时期38个代表性棉花品种在不同低温胁迫下萌发特性的研究,综合评价这些品种在萌发期对低温胁迫的耐受能力,为选育耐低温的棉花新品种提供理论依据和种质资源。【方法】利用方差分析、模糊隶属函数以及聚类分析等方法,分析38个品种在萌发期对低温耐受能力的差异。【结果】在低温胁迫条件下,随着温度降低,38个棉花品种的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均呈降低趋势,不同品种间存在显著差异。聚类分析将38个品种按种子低温萌发抗逆能力分为强抗品种、中抗品种和不抗品种3类。【结论】早期引进品种以及由早期引进品种系统选育的品种在应对低温胁迫时,明显弱于近期杂交选育品种,斯字棉与岱字棉品种抵御低温胁迫的能力最弱,而近期育成的转基因抗虫棉品种鲁棉研37号、鲁棉研36号在抵御低温胁迫方面表现出更强的优势。
[Objective] To provide a theoretical foundation and germplasm resources for low-temperature-germination cotton breeding, the germination characteristics of 38 cotton varieties novel to or formerly widely planted in the Huang-Huai Region were evaluated under different low temperature stress conditions. [Method] Analysis of variance, the fuzzy membership function method, and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the tolerance of these varieties to low temperature stress.[Result] As the temperature was lowered, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index exhibited a decreasing trend in all cotton varieties, but resistance to low temperature was significantly different among varieties. Cluster analysis divided the 38 varieties into three categories: highly resistant, resistant, and non-resistant. [Conclusion] Early-introduced varieties and those bred from early-introduced germplasm resources had weaker resistance to low temperature stress, with Stoneville and Deltapine series showing the lowest tolerance. The new transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties SCRC 37 and SCRC 36 had the strongest resistance to low temperature stress.
[Objective] To provide a theoretical foundation and germplasm resources for low-temperature-germination cotton breeding, the germination characteristics of 38 cotton varieties novel to or formerly widely planted in the Huang-Huai Region were evaluated under different low temperature stress conditions. [Method] Analysis of variance, the fuzzy membership function method, and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the tolerance of these varieties to low temperature stress.[Result] As the temperature was lowered, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index exhibited a decreasing trend in all cotton varieties, but resistance to low temperature was significantly different among varieties. Cluster analysis divided the 38 varieties into three categories: highly resistant, resistant, and non-resistant. [Conclusion] Early-introduced varieties and those bred from early-introduced germplasm resources had weaker resistance to low temperature stress, with Stoneville and Deltapine series showing the lowest tolerance. The new transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties SCRC 37 and SCRC 36 had the strongest resistance to low temperature stress.
引文
[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2013.Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS. Chinese cotton cultivation[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Science Technology Press, 2013.
[2]黄滋康.中国棉花品种及其系谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:3-5.Huang Zikang. Cotton varieties and pedigree in China[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1995:3-5.
[3]郭三堆,王远,孙国清.中国转基因棉花研发应用二十年[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(17):3372-3387.Guo Sandui, Wang Yuan, Sun Guoqing. Twenty years of research and application of transgenic cotton in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17):3372-3387.
[4]孔繁玲,姜保功,张群远,等.建国以来我国黄淮棉区棉花品种的遗传改良Ⅰ.产量及产量组分的改良[J].作物学报, 2000, 26(2):148-156.Kong Fanling, Jiang Baogong, Zhang Qunyuan, et al. Genetic improvements of cotton varieties in Huang-Huai region in China since 1950s I. Improvement on yield and yield components[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2000, 26(2):148-156.
[5]魏守军,袁有禄,陆作媚. 1973―2000年黄河流域棉花品种改良与应用状况分析[J].棉花学报, 2003, 15(6):367-371.Wei Shoujun, Yuan Youlu, Lu Zuomei. Cotton variety improvement and extension in Yellow River region from 1973 to 2000[J].Cotton Science, 2003, 15(6):367-371.
[6]董合忠,杨国正,李亚兵,等.棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制[J].作物学报, 2017, 43(5):631-639.Dong Hezhong, Yang Guozheng, Li Yabing, et al. Key technologies for light and simplified cultivation of cotton and their eco-physiological mechanisms[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 201743(5):631-639.
[7]代建龙,李振怀,罗振,等.精量播种减免间定苗对棉花产量及其构成因素的影响[J].作物学报, 2014, 40(11):2040-2045.Dai Jianlong, Li Zhenhuai, Luo Zhen, et al. Effects of precision seed without thinning process on yield and yield components of cotton[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(11):2040-2045.
[8]武辉,戴海芳,张巨松,等.棉花幼苗叶片光合特性对低温胁迫及恢复处理的响应[J].植物生态学报, 2014, 38(10):1124-1134.Wu Hui, Dai Haifang, Zhang Jusong, et al. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics to low temperature stress and recovery treatment in cotton seedling leaves[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(10):1124-1134.
[9]李志博,曹连莆,魏亦农,等.荒漠绿洲区棉花幼苗耐寒生理特性及其评价指标分析[J].棉花学报, 2010, 22(6):568-573.Li Zhibo, Cao Lianpu, Wei Yinong, et al. Analysis of physiological characteristics and evaluation indexes of cold-tolerance in cotton seedling of desert-oasis region[J]. Cotton Science, 2010,22(6):568-573.
[10]龚双军,李国英,杨德松,等.不同棉花品种苗期抗寒性及生理指标测定[J].中国棉花, 2005, 32(3):16-17.Gong Shuangjun, Li Guoying, Yang Desong, et al. Determination of cold resistance and physiological indexes of different cotton varieties in seedling stage[J]. China Cotton, 2005, 32(3):16-17.
[11]王钰静,谢磊,李志博,等.低温胁迫对北疆棉花种子萌发的影响及其耐冷性差异评价[J].种子, 2014, 33(5):74-77.Wang Yujing, Xie Lei, Li Zhibo, et al. Effects of low temperature stress to germination of cotton seeds and evaluation of their cold resistance in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Seed, 2014, 33(5):74-77.
[12]徐建伟,张晨,曾晓燕,等.近十年新疆北疆主栽棉花种子低温萌发能力差异评价[J].新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(9):1569-1578.Xu Jianwei, Zhang Chen, Zeng Xiaoyan, et al. Evaluation of seed germination of main-cultivated cotton under low temperature in Northern Xinjiang in recent ten years[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(9):1569-1578.
[13]高巧丽,蔡小彦,刘方,等.棉属D基因组5个野生种萌发期耐冷性初探[J].中国棉花, 2016, 43(10):23-26.Gao Qiaoli, Cai Xiaoyan, Liu Fang, et al. Cold resistance ability analysis of five wild cotton species of D genome[J]. China Cotton, 2016, 43(10):23-26.
[14]闫强,曾雅青,王乐然,等.不同棉花品种种子活力对低温和人工老化胁迫的反应差异[J].棉花学报, 2016, 28(2):144-151.Yan Qiang, Zeng Yaqing, Wang Leran, et al. Response of seed vigor in different cotton cultivars under low temperature and artificial aging stress[J]. Cotton Science, 2016, 28(2):144-151.
[15]高荣岐,张春庆.种子生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.Gao Rongqi, Zhang Chunqing. Seed biology[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2009.
[16]仪小梅,孙爱清,韩晓玉,等.黄淮海区小麦主推品种(系)干热风抗性鉴定[J].麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(2):274-284.Yi Xiaomei, Sun Aiqing, Han Xiaoyu, et al. Identification of dry-hot wing resistance of major wheat cultivars(strains)in Huan-Huai wheat region[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015,35(2):274-284.
[17]孟庆立,关周博,冯佰利,等.谷子抗旱相关性状的主成分与模糊聚类分析[J].中国农业科学, 2009, 42(8):2667-2675.Meng Qingli, Guan Zhoubo, Feng Baili, et al. Principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering on drought-tolerance related traits foxtail Millet(Setaria italica)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(8):2667-2675.
[18]王兰芬,武晶,景蕊莲,等.绿豆种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定[J].作物学报, 2015, 41(1):145-153.Wang Lanfen, Wu Jing, Jing Ruilian, et al. Identification of mung bean germplasm resources resistant to drought at adult stage[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(1):145-153.
[19] William E, Finch S, Gerhard L M. Seed dormancy and the control of germination[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 171:501-523.
[20] Lauterbach B, Krieg D R, Jividen G. Fatty acid composition of lipid fractions in germinating cotton as affected by temperature[C]//Proceeding of the 1999 Beltwide Cotton Conference. Orlando,USA:National Cotton Council of America, 1999:564-565.
[21]王俊娟,王德龙,阴祖军,等.陆地棉萌发至幼苗期抗冷性的鉴定[J].中国农业科学, 2016, 49(17):3332-3346.Wang Junjuan, Wang Delong, Yin Zujun, et al. Identification of the chilling resistance from germination stage to seedling stage in upland cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17):3332-3346.
[22]耿广东,程智慧,张素勤.低温发芽鉴定茄子耐冷性的研究[J].种子, 2006, 25(6):43-46.Geng Guangdong, Cheng Zhihui, Zhang Suqin. Appraisal of eggplant chilling-resistant by low temperature germination[J].Seed, 2006, 25(6):43-46.
[23]朱晨曦,马艳青,杨博智,等.不同辣椒品种种子萌发期耐低温性的研究[J].中国蔬菜, 2015(8):34-38.Zhu Chenxi, Ma Yanqing, Yang Bozhi, et al. The research of different pepper varieties by low temperature germination[J].China Vegetables, 2015(8):34-38.
[24]王树刚,王振林,王平,等.不同小麦品种对低温胁迫的反应及抗冻性评价[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(4):1064-1072.Wang Shugang, Wang Zhenlin, Wang Ping, et al. Evaluation of wheat freezing resistance based on the responses of the physiological indices to low temperature stress[J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2011, 31(4):1064-1072.
[25]张卫星,赵致,柏光晓,等.不同基因型玉米自交系的抗旱性研究与评价[J].玉米科学, 2007, 15(5):6-11.Zhang Weixing, Zhao Zhi, Bai Guangxiao, et al. Study and evaluation for drought resistance of different genotype maize inbred lines[J]. Journal of Maize Science, 2007, 15(5):6-11.
[26]陈蕾太,孙爱清,杨敏,等.基于小麦种子发芽逆境抗逆指数的种子活力评价[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(9):2968-2974.Chen Leitai, Sun Aiqing, Yang Min, et al. Seed vigor evaluation based on adversity resistance index of wheat seed germination under stress conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(9):2968-2974.
[2]黄滋康.中国棉花品种及其系谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:3-5.Huang Zikang. Cotton varieties and pedigree in China[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1995:3-5.
[3]郭三堆,王远,孙国清.中国转基因棉花研发应用二十年[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(17):3372-3387.Guo Sandui, Wang Yuan, Sun Guoqing. Twenty years of research and application of transgenic cotton in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17):3372-3387.
[4]孔繁玲,姜保功,张群远,等.建国以来我国黄淮棉区棉花品种的遗传改良Ⅰ.产量及产量组分的改良[J].作物学报, 2000, 26(2):148-156.Kong Fanling, Jiang Baogong, Zhang Qunyuan, et al. Genetic improvements of cotton varieties in Huang-Huai region in China since 1950s I. Improvement on yield and yield components[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2000, 26(2):148-156.
[5]魏守军,袁有禄,陆作媚. 1973―2000年黄河流域棉花品种改良与应用状况分析[J].棉花学报, 2003, 15(6):367-371.Wei Shoujun, Yuan Youlu, Lu Zuomei. Cotton variety improvement and extension in Yellow River region from 1973 to 2000[J].Cotton Science, 2003, 15(6):367-371.
[6]董合忠,杨国正,李亚兵,等.棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制[J].作物学报, 2017, 43(5):631-639.Dong Hezhong, Yang Guozheng, Li Yabing, et al. Key technologies for light and simplified cultivation of cotton and their eco-physiological mechanisms[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 201743(5):631-639.
[7]代建龙,李振怀,罗振,等.精量播种减免间定苗对棉花产量及其构成因素的影响[J].作物学报, 2014, 40(11):2040-2045.Dai Jianlong, Li Zhenhuai, Luo Zhen, et al. Effects of precision seed without thinning process on yield and yield components of cotton[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(11):2040-2045.
[8]武辉,戴海芳,张巨松,等.棉花幼苗叶片光合特性对低温胁迫及恢复处理的响应[J].植物生态学报, 2014, 38(10):1124-1134.Wu Hui, Dai Haifang, Zhang Jusong, et al. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics to low temperature stress and recovery treatment in cotton seedling leaves[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(10):1124-1134.
[9]李志博,曹连莆,魏亦农,等.荒漠绿洲区棉花幼苗耐寒生理特性及其评价指标分析[J].棉花学报, 2010, 22(6):568-573.Li Zhibo, Cao Lianpu, Wei Yinong, et al. Analysis of physiological characteristics and evaluation indexes of cold-tolerance in cotton seedling of desert-oasis region[J]. Cotton Science, 2010,22(6):568-573.
[10]龚双军,李国英,杨德松,等.不同棉花品种苗期抗寒性及生理指标测定[J].中国棉花, 2005, 32(3):16-17.Gong Shuangjun, Li Guoying, Yang Desong, et al. Determination of cold resistance and physiological indexes of different cotton varieties in seedling stage[J]. China Cotton, 2005, 32(3):16-17.
[11]王钰静,谢磊,李志博,等.低温胁迫对北疆棉花种子萌发的影响及其耐冷性差异评价[J].种子, 2014, 33(5):74-77.Wang Yujing, Xie Lei, Li Zhibo, et al. Effects of low temperature stress to germination of cotton seeds and evaluation of their cold resistance in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Seed, 2014, 33(5):74-77.
[12]徐建伟,张晨,曾晓燕,等.近十年新疆北疆主栽棉花种子低温萌发能力差异评价[J].新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(9):1569-1578.Xu Jianwei, Zhang Chen, Zeng Xiaoyan, et al. Evaluation of seed germination of main-cultivated cotton under low temperature in Northern Xinjiang in recent ten years[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(9):1569-1578.
[13]高巧丽,蔡小彦,刘方,等.棉属D基因组5个野生种萌发期耐冷性初探[J].中国棉花, 2016, 43(10):23-26.Gao Qiaoli, Cai Xiaoyan, Liu Fang, et al. Cold resistance ability analysis of five wild cotton species of D genome[J]. China Cotton, 2016, 43(10):23-26.
[14]闫强,曾雅青,王乐然,等.不同棉花品种种子活力对低温和人工老化胁迫的反应差异[J].棉花学报, 2016, 28(2):144-151.Yan Qiang, Zeng Yaqing, Wang Leran, et al. Response of seed vigor in different cotton cultivars under low temperature and artificial aging stress[J]. Cotton Science, 2016, 28(2):144-151.
[15]高荣岐,张春庆.种子生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.Gao Rongqi, Zhang Chunqing. Seed biology[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2009.
[16]仪小梅,孙爱清,韩晓玉,等.黄淮海区小麦主推品种(系)干热风抗性鉴定[J].麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(2):274-284.Yi Xiaomei, Sun Aiqing, Han Xiaoyu, et al. Identification of dry-hot wing resistance of major wheat cultivars(strains)in Huan-Huai wheat region[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015,35(2):274-284.
[17]孟庆立,关周博,冯佰利,等.谷子抗旱相关性状的主成分与模糊聚类分析[J].中国农业科学, 2009, 42(8):2667-2675.Meng Qingli, Guan Zhoubo, Feng Baili, et al. Principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering on drought-tolerance related traits foxtail Millet(Setaria italica)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(8):2667-2675.
[18]王兰芬,武晶,景蕊莲,等.绿豆种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定[J].作物学报, 2015, 41(1):145-153.Wang Lanfen, Wu Jing, Jing Ruilian, et al. Identification of mung bean germplasm resources resistant to drought at adult stage[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(1):145-153.
[19] William E, Finch S, Gerhard L M. Seed dormancy and the control of germination[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 171:501-523.
[20] Lauterbach B, Krieg D R, Jividen G. Fatty acid composition of lipid fractions in germinating cotton as affected by temperature[C]//Proceeding of the 1999 Beltwide Cotton Conference. Orlando,USA:National Cotton Council of America, 1999:564-565.
[21]王俊娟,王德龙,阴祖军,等.陆地棉萌发至幼苗期抗冷性的鉴定[J].中国农业科学, 2016, 49(17):3332-3346.Wang Junjuan, Wang Delong, Yin Zujun, et al. Identification of the chilling resistance from germination stage to seedling stage in upland cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17):3332-3346.
[22]耿广东,程智慧,张素勤.低温发芽鉴定茄子耐冷性的研究[J].种子, 2006, 25(6):43-46.Geng Guangdong, Cheng Zhihui, Zhang Suqin. Appraisal of eggplant chilling-resistant by low temperature germination[J].Seed, 2006, 25(6):43-46.
[23]朱晨曦,马艳青,杨博智,等.不同辣椒品种种子萌发期耐低温性的研究[J].中国蔬菜, 2015(8):34-38.Zhu Chenxi, Ma Yanqing, Yang Bozhi, et al. The research of different pepper varieties by low temperature germination[J].China Vegetables, 2015(8):34-38.
[24]王树刚,王振林,王平,等.不同小麦品种对低温胁迫的反应及抗冻性评价[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(4):1064-1072.Wang Shugang, Wang Zhenlin, Wang Ping, et al. Evaluation of wheat freezing resistance based on the responses of the physiological indices to low temperature stress[J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2011, 31(4):1064-1072.
[25]张卫星,赵致,柏光晓,等.不同基因型玉米自交系的抗旱性研究与评价[J].玉米科学, 2007, 15(5):6-11.Zhang Weixing, Zhao Zhi, Bai Guangxiao, et al. Study and evaluation for drought resistance of different genotype maize inbred lines[J]. Journal of Maize Science, 2007, 15(5):6-11.
[26]陈蕾太,孙爱清,杨敏,等.基于小麦种子发芽逆境抗逆指数的种子活力评价[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(9):2968-2974.Chen Leitai, Sun Aiqing, Yang Min, et al. Seed vigor evaluation based on adversity resistance index of wheat seed germination under stress conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(9):2968-2974.