集成多种物探方法的蒙华铁路某隧道超前地质预报及对策
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摘要
蒙华铁路某隧道穿越岩溶发育区和断裂破碎带,地质构造极其复杂,施工建设风险大,仅靠单一的物探方法很难满足其地质灾害超前预报要求.本文提出采用TST、地质雷达和瞬变电磁法综合超前地质预报技术,对隧道掌子面前方的地质构造及异常进行探测与集成优化解译,确定不良地质体的位置、规模及其特征,确保隧道施工安全.该综合物探方法采用加权集成模式,实现了对掌子面前方围岩长中短距离联合探测,TST采用空间阵列观测方式和偏移成像方法,弥补了地质雷达和瞬变电磁法在解决围岩构造方面存在的不易判断岩体强度和破碎程度的缺陷.地质雷达利用电磁波对于水的敏感性,能很好地辨别出含水岩体,瞬变电磁法通过岩体电阻率,能识别出岩体中水的赋存状态,两者结合弥补了TST对于围岩含水性不敏感的缺陷.结果表明:采用综合物探方法能更加准确地探明隧道溶洞、裂隙与水系等不良地质体的位置与分布,为合理注浆与涌水封堵等提供了科学依据.
The tunnel of Sino-Mongolian railway passes through the karst development zone and fracture zone. The geological structure is very complex,and the construction risk is great. It is difficult to meet the requirement of geological hazard prediction by only one geophysical method. This paper puts forward to adopt the TST,geological radar and transient electromagnetic method of integrated geological forecast technology,geological structure on the front of the tunnel face detection and integrated optimization,accurate interpretation of the adverse geological location,scale and characteristics,so as to ensure the safety of the tunnel construction.The integration mode of the integrated geophysical method realizes the detection of short distance in front of the tunnel face surrounding rock in length at the same time,using TST spatial array observation and migration imaging method for geological radar and transient electromagnetic method in solving the defects of the surrounding rock structure. Geological radar and transient electromagnetic method make uses of the difference of dielectric conductivity and dielectric constant of different media to make up for the insensitivity of TST to the moisture sensitivity of surrounding rock. Results show that the method of comprehensive geophysical prospecting can more accurately verify the location of unfavorable geological bodies such as karst cave,fissure and water system,and provide scientific basis for reasonable grouting and water plugging.
The tunnel of Sino-Mongolian railway passes through the karst development zone and fracture zone. The geological structure is very complex,and the construction risk is great. It is difficult to meet the requirement of geological hazard prediction by only one geophysical method. This paper puts forward to adopt the TST,geological radar and transient electromagnetic method of integrated geological forecast technology,geological structure on the front of the tunnel face detection and integrated optimization,accurate interpretation of the adverse geological location,scale and characteristics,so as to ensure the safety of the tunnel construction.The integration mode of the integrated geophysical method realizes the detection of short distance in front of the tunnel face surrounding rock in length at the same time,using TST spatial array observation and migration imaging method for geological radar and transient electromagnetic method in solving the defects of the surrounding rock structure. Geological radar and transient electromagnetic method make uses of the difference of dielectric conductivity and dielectric constant of different media to make up for the insensitivity of TST to the moisture sensitivity of surrounding rock. Results show that the method of comprehensive geophysical prospecting can more accurately verify the location of unfavorable geological bodies such as karst cave,fissure and water system,and provide scientific basis for reasonable grouting and water plugging.
引文
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[12]陈昌彦,岳中琦,陈爱新,等.北京某公路沉陷变形地质灾害发育特征及成因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(2):357-363.
[13]熊浩森,朱斌.巴基斯坦尼鲁姆杰鲁姆水电项目TBM超前地质预报系统[J].土工基础,2017(3):378-382.
[14]肖启航,谢朝娟.TST技术在贵州高速公路顶效隧道超前地质预报中的应用[J].工程勘察,2010(7):89-94.
[15]吴火珍,焦玉勇,李海波,等.地质雷达检测防空洞注浆效果的技术方法及应用[J].岩土力学,2008(s1):307-310.
[16]刘新荣,刘永权,杨忠平,等.基于地质雷达的隧道综合超前预报技术[J].岩土工程学报,2015(s2):51-56.
[17]焦险峰,刘志新.瞬变电磁法浅层分辨率物理模型实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014(4):738-741.
[2]肖启航,谢朝娟.TST技术在岩溶地区隧道超前预报中的应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1417-1422.
[3]曹胜洪.TST超前预报技术在煤矿掘进巷道中的应用[J].煤炭与化工,2013,36(4):68-70.
[4]李术才,刘斌,孙怀凤,等.隧道施工超前地质预报研究现状及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1090-1113.
[5]Ge Y H,Li S C,Zhang Q S,et al. Comprehensive geological prediction based on risk evaluation during tunneling in karst area[J]. Chin J Geotech Eng,2010,32(7):1124-1130.
[6]Li L P,Tu W F,Shi S S,et al. Mechanism of water inrush in tunnel construction in karst area[J]. Geomatics,Natural Hazards and Risk,2016,7(s1):35-46.
[7]Cai J H. Construction license mechanism of mountain tunnels based on inrush prediction of fracture zones[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):965-975.
[8]Shi S S,Lin B,Li S C,et al. Application of comprehensive prediction method of water inrush hazards induced by un-favourable geological body in high risk karst tunnel:a case Study[J]. Geomatics,Natural Hazards and Risk,2017,36(1):1-15.
[9]徐颖,左昌群,陈志超,等.推覆构造带碳酸盐岩隧道突水机制及风险规避[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):2886-2892.
[10]Zong Y J. Grout-recovering and support technology of water-bursting roadway under high confined water pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,33(6):993-997.
[11]黄毓铭,张晓峰,谢尚平,等.综合物探方法在南宁地铁溶洞探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(3):1352-1359.
[12]陈昌彦,岳中琦,陈爱新,等.北京某公路沉陷变形地质灾害发育特征及成因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(2):357-363.
[13]熊浩森,朱斌.巴基斯坦尼鲁姆杰鲁姆水电项目TBM超前地质预报系统[J].土工基础,2017(3):378-382.
[14]肖启航,谢朝娟.TST技术在贵州高速公路顶效隧道超前地质预报中的应用[J].工程勘察,2010(7):89-94.
[15]吴火珍,焦玉勇,李海波,等.地质雷达检测防空洞注浆效果的技术方法及应用[J].岩土力学,2008(s1):307-310.
[16]刘新荣,刘永权,杨忠平,等.基于地质雷达的隧道综合超前预报技术[J].岩土工程学报,2015(s2):51-56.
[17]焦险峰,刘志新.瞬变电磁法浅层分辨率物理模型实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014(4):738-741.