水声阵列空域反转和噪声抑制技术
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摘要
为了提高水声阵列性能,本文基于水声阵列探测系统的工程应用,提出了一种水声阵列"空域反转"和噪声抑制的技术。通过阵列信号空间反转和卷积,对阵元孔径进行虚拟扩展。在此基础上,对扩展后的阵列进行灵敏度均衡,分析了均衡技术对"空域反转"阵列性能的影响。"空域反转"使各向同性不相关噪声聚焦,将协方差矩阵中心元素置零,抑制部分噪声,进一步提高阵列处理的增益。研究结果表明:本文提出的阵列处理技术,能够有效地提高各向同性噪声中的水声阵列的处理增益,能够为提高水声阵列目标探测性能提供一种技术途径。
This study focuses on the detection performance of underwater acoustic array. A new technique of "spatial reversal"and noise suppression of an underwater acoustic array is proposed to meet the demand of engineering application to an underwater acoustic array detection system. The aperture virtual extension is achieved by array signal spatial reversal and convolution. Sensitivity equalization of the extended array is conducted,and the influence of equalization technology on the performance of "spacial reversal"array is analyzed. The isotropic and uncorrelated noises,processed by spatial reversal and convolution,concentrate on the central element of the covariance matrix. The noise suppression is achieved by zero setting of the central element. Results indicate that the proposed array processing techniques can effectively improve the processing gain in the isotropic noise environment. Moreover,the proposed technique provides insights to improve the target detection performance of underwater acoustic arrays.
This study focuses on the detection performance of underwater acoustic array. A new technique of "spatial reversal"and noise suppression of an underwater acoustic array is proposed to meet the demand of engineering application to an underwater acoustic array detection system. The aperture virtual extension is achieved by array signal spatial reversal and convolution. Sensitivity equalization of the extended array is conducted,and the influence of equalization technology on the performance of "spacial reversal"array is analyzed. The isotropic and uncorrelated noises,processed by spatial reversal and convolution,concentrate on the central element of the covariance matrix. The noise suppression is achieved by zero setting of the central element. Results indicate that the proposed array processing techniques can effectively improve the processing gain in the isotropic noise environment. Moreover,the proposed technique provides insights to improve the target detection performance of underwater acoustic arrays.
引文
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[2]周彬,赵安邦,龚强,等.基于对角减载的水声阵列SMI-MVDR空间谱估计技术[J].系统工程与电子技术,2014,36(12):2381-2387.ZHOU Bin,ZHAO Anbang,GONG Qiang,et al. Underwater acoustic array SMI-MVDR spatial spectral estimation based on diagonal reduction[J]. Systems engineering and electronics,2014,36(12):2381-2387.
[3]CARLSON B D. Covariance matrix estimation errors and diagonal loading in adaptive arrays[J]. IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems, 1988, 24(4):397-401.
[4]LI Jian,STOICA P,WANG Zhisong. On robust capon beamforming and diagonal loading[J]. IEEE transactions on signal processing,2003,51(7):1702-1715.
[5]ELNASHAR A,ELNOUBI S M,EL-MIKATI H A. Further study on robust adaptive beamforming with optimum diagonal loading[J]. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,2006,54(12):3647-3658.
[6]夏麾军,马远良,汪勇,等.高增益对角减载波束形成方法研究[J].声学学报,2016,41(4):449-455.XIA Huijun,MA Yuanliang,WANG Yong,et al. Study of high-gain beamforming using diagonal reducing[J]. Acta acustica,2016,41(4):449-455.
[7]夏麾军,马远良,刘亚雄.复杂噪声场下对角减载技术的原理及应用[J].物理学报,2017,66(1):152-161.XIA Huijun,MA Yuanliang,LIU Yaxiong. Principle and application of diagonal reducing method in the complex noise fields[J]. Acta physica sinica, 2017, 66(1):152-161.
[8]HARRY L,VAN T. Optimum array processing[M]. 4th ed. New York:John-Wiley and Sons,2002.
[9]KRIM H,VIBERG M. Two decades of array signal processing research:the parametric approach[J]. IEEE signal processing magazine,1996,13(4):67-94.
[10]王永良,陈辉,彭应宁,等.空间谱估计理论与算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.WANG Yongliang,CHEN Hui,PENG Yingning,et al.Spatial spectrum estimation theory and algorithm[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.
[11]GU Yujie,LESHEM A. Robust adaptive beamforming based on interference covariance matrix reconstruction and steering vector estimation[J]. IEEE transactions on signal processing,2012,60(7):3881-3885.
[12]ZHAO Zhishan,ZHAO Anbang,HUI Juan,et al. A frequency-domain adaptive matched filter for active sonar detection[J]. Sensors,2017,17(7):1565.
[13]LIU Wei,WEISS Stephan. Wideband beamforming concepts and techniques[M]. John Wiley and Sons,2010.
[14]鄢社锋,马远良.传感器阵列波束优化设计及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:31-33.YAN Shefeng,MA Yuanliang. Sensor array beampattern optimization:theory with applications[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2009:31-33.