NdFeB永磁材料制粉技术的研究进展
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摘要
综述了近年来钕铁硼永磁材料制粉技术的研究进展,对其中的物理法、快速凝固法、气体雾化法和HD法进行了详细的介绍。随着制粉技术的改进,粉末粒度、缺陷和磁性能均有不同程度的改善。制粉技术将沿着多种技术联合使用的趋势发展。
The latest development of milling technology of NdFeB permanent magnet material is reviewed,and detailed description is made of the physical method,rapid solidification method,gas atomization method and HD method.With the improvement of milling technology,powder particle size,defects and magnetic properties are improved to various degree.Milling technology will be developed with the tendency towards the combination of various techniques.
The latest development of milling technology of NdFeB permanent magnet material is reviewed,and detailed description is made of the physical method,rapid solidification method,gas atomization method and HD method.With the improvement of milling technology,powder particle size,defects and magnetic properties are improved to various degree.Milling technology will be developed with the tendency towards the combination of various techniques.
引文
[1]Boris Boehenkov,Sergey Lutz.A review of modern materials of permanent magnets[J].Electrical Engineering,2004,(4):201-203.
[2]Liu Z W,Huang H Y,Gao X X,et al.Microstructure and property evolution of isotropic and anisotropic NdFeB magnets fabricated from nanocrystalline ribbons by spark plasma sintering and hot deformation[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2011,44(2):025003.
[3]Liu W Q,Cui Z Z,Yi X F,et al.Structure and magnetic properties of magnetically isotropic and anisotropic Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering technology[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2010,107(9):09A719.
[4]Lee D,Bauser S,Higgins A,et al.Bulk anisotropic composite rare earth magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2009,99(8):08B516.
[5]Yutaka M.Recent development of NdFeB sintered magnets and their applications[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,330:343-345.
[6]Wang Zhenxi.Rare earth permanent magnet industry in China[A].The 5th international conference on rare earth development and application[C].Baotou:The Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2007.
[7]Sam Liu,Lee Don,Huang Meiqing,et al.Research and development of bulk anisotropic nanograin composite rare earth permanent magnets[A].Proc of 19th international workshop on RE PM and their applications[C].Beijing China,2006.123-135.
[8]Sagawa M,Fujimura S,Togawa N,et al.New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1984,55(6):2 083-2 087.
[9]Schultz L,Wecker J,Hellstern E.Formation and properties of NdFeB prepared by mechanical alloying and solidstate reaction[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1987,61:3 583-3 585.
[10]Jurczyk M,Cook J S,Collocott S J.Application of high energy ball milling to the production of magnetic powders from NdFeB-type alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,1995,217(1):65-68.
[11]Jurczyk M.Remanence enhanced Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe and Nd(Fe,Mo)12Nx/α-Fe type magnetic powder produced by high energy ball milling[J].Jounal of Alloys and compounds,1996,235(2):232-236.
[12]田震,李晋平,杜志刚,等.机械合金法的应用与开发[J].科技情报开发与经济,1997,(2):11-12.
[13]张深根,于敦波,应启明,等.高性能烧结NdFeB生产关键技术研究[J].金属功能材料,2001,8(2):12-15.
[14]包小倩,李青华,朱学新,等.高性能烧结NdFeB磁体的制备技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(9):850-853.
[15]王艳芳,包生祥,王敬东,等.粉末特性对Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)17永磁材料及性能的影响[J].粉末冶金技术,2007,25(1):24-27.
[16]张健,黄伯云,李益民.Nd-Fe-B永磁制粉技术及特点[J].粉末冶金技术,2005,23(6):465-469.
[17]梁树勇,王惠新,苏振华,等.中国烧结钕铁硼磁体产业的历史、现状及未来[J].磁性材料及器件,2005,36(6):1-4.
[18]闫文龙,颜世宏,于敦波,等.烧结钕铁硼的发展及其应用现状[J].金属功能材料,2008,15(6):33-37.
[19]金瑞湘.关于Nd-Fe-B永磁合金的制造方法[J].仪表材料,1987,18(5):261-267.
[20]Hadjipanayis G C,Hazelton R C,Lawless K R,et al.Magnetic hysteresis in rapidly quenched rare-earth alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1984,40(3):278-286.
[21]Croat J J,Herbst J F,Lee R W,et al.Pr-Fe and Nd-Febased materials:A new class of high-performance permanent magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1984,55:2 078-2 083.
[22]李晓红,关颖,李伟,等.α-FeNd2Fe14B复合纳米晶的织构形成研究[J].功能材料,2004,35(Z):558-560.
[23]Li Wei,Li Lanlan,Liu Yanguo,et al.Development of crystal texture in R-lean RFeCoNbB(R=Nd,Pr)alloy during melt spinning processes[J].Materials Science and Engineering B,2012,177(14):1 200-1 205.
[24]Sheng Hong-chao,Zeng Xie-rong,Li Xiao-hua,et al.Improvement of the magnetic properties of Nd9.5Fe81Zr3B6.5nanocomposite magnets by semi-melt spinning[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2009,321(19):3 042-3 045.
[25]Bernard J,Fidler J,Sagawa M,et al.Microstructure analysis of strip cast Nd-Fe-B alloys for high(BH)max magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1998,83(11):6 396-6 398.
[26]Kaneko Y.Highest performance of Nd-Fe-B magnet over 55 MGOe[J].IEEE Transactions on Magneties,2000,36:3 275-3 278.
[27]韩劲,汪雨生.烧结NdFeB铸造新工艺——薄片铸锭法[J].材料科学与工艺,1999,(S1):213-216.
[28]韩劲,曲洪桥,李长青.应用10mm薄板铸锭制备的Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体[J].磁性材料及器件,2002,33(1):1-5.
[29]Hirose Y,Hasegawa H,Sasaki S.Microstructure of strip cast alloys for high performance Nd-Fe-B magnets[A].Proceeding of 15th international workshop on rare-earth magnets and their applications[C].Dresden:Werkstoff Informations Gesellschaft,1998.77-86.
[30]罗阳.制作高性能Nd-Fe-B磁体的速凝薄片合金[J].电工合金,1999,(4):1-8.
[31]王标,刘汉强,丁开鸿,等.采用SC工艺制备高性能烧结钕铁硼磁体的研究[J].功能材料,2003,34(5):520-521.
[32]刘文昌.我国烧结钕铁硼产业的发展及其生产工艺[J].金属世界,2008,15(6):38-44.
[33]周寿增,董清飞.超强永磁体——稀土铁系永磁材料[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.3-321.
[34]Fukunaga H,Yamamoto R.Highly stable Nd-Fe-B bonded-magnets using spherieal powder prepared by spinning-cup atomization[A].18th iniernational workshop on high performance magnets and their applications[C].Armeey(Franee),2004.
[35]Vasilyeva E,Vystavkina V.Microstructure and properties of Nd-Fe-B powders by gas atomization[J].Magn Magn Mater,2003,267:267-273.
[36]Branagan D J,Hyde T A,Sellers C H,et al.A new generation of gas atomized powder with improved levels of energy product and processability[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1996,32:5 097-5 099.
[37]白书欣.粘结NdFeB永磁材料制造原理与技术[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006.
[38]王志刚.氢爆工艺制粉在烧结NdFeB中的应用[D].天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[39]Harris I R,Noble C,Bailey T.The hydrogen decrepitation of an Nd15Fe77B8 magnetic alloy[J].Journal of the Less-Common Metals,1985,160(10):L1-L4.
[40]Saje B,Holc J,Besenicar S.The sequence of fracture processes in hydrogen-decrepitation Nd16-xDyxFe76B8alloy[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1991,101(2):357-359.
[41]肖耀福,刘旭波,张正义,等.氢在NdFeB磁体制造中的应用[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(2):34-39.
[42]蒋洪川,杨仕清,张万里,等.NdFeB永磁材料氢脆机理及阻氢涂层研究[J].稀土,2002,23(1):27-31.
[43]贺琦军,李卫,潘伟.稀土永磁材料的吸/脱氢研究进展[J].磁性材料及器件,2002,33(3):16-19.
[44]Hammioui M E,Gerard N.Hydridation of RE2Fe14B compounds(RE=Nd,Ce,Y,Gd)[J].Journal of the Less Common Metals,1991,172-174(10):144-152.
[45]Turek K,Liszkowski P,Figil H.The influence of the kinetics of the hydrogenation of NdFeB alloys on hydrogen distribution in the alloy phases[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,2000,309(1):239-243.
[46]Lazaro F J,Garcia L M,Luis F,et al.Systematic magnetic AC susceptibility study of RE2Fe14 BHx and RE2Fe14CHx[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1991,101:372-324.
[47]Harris I R,McGuiness P J.Hydrogen:its use in the processing of NdFeB-type magnets[J].Journal of the Less Common Metals,1991,172-174(1):1 273-1 284.
[48]杨刚.NdFeB合金的氢爆及其电场烧结研究[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[49]Takeshita T,Nakayama R.Magnetie properties and microstruetures of the Nd-Fe-B magnets powder produced by hydrogen treatment[A].Proc 10th international workshop on RE magnets and their application[C].Kyoto Japan,1989.551-555.
[50]Meguiness P J,Zhong X J,Forsyth H.Disproportionation in Nd16Fe76B8-type Hydrides[J].Journal of the Less Common Metals,1989,158:339-342.
[51]王敬欣,孙爱芝.粘结NdFeB磁体制备的研究进展[J].稀有金属,2003,27(6):827-831.
[52]Gutfieiseh O,Gebel B,Mattem N.Texture in a ternary Nd16.2Fe78.2B5.6Powder using a modified hydrogenationdisproportionation-desorption-recombination process[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2000,210:5-9.
[53]Nakamura H,Kato K,Book D,et al.Enhancement of coereivity in high remanence HDDR Nd-Fe-B Powders[J].IEEE Transactions on Magneties,1999,35:3 274-3276.
[54]Sugimoto,Koike N,Book D,et al.An improved HDDR treatment for the produetion of anisotropic Nd-Fe-B ternary powders[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2002,330-332:592-896.
[55]Morimoto K,Niizuma E,Nakayama R,et al.Influence of original alloy microstrueture on magnetie properties of isotropie HDDR-treated Nd-Fe-B Powder[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,263:201-207.
[56]Shi G,Hu L X,Wang E D.Preparation,microstrueture and magnetie properties of an anocrystalline Nd12Fe82B6alloy by HDDR combined with mechanical milling[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,301:319-324.
[57]Nakamura H,Kato K,Book D,et al.A thermodynamic study of the HDDR conditions necessary for anisotropic Nd-Fe-B powders[A].Proc of l5th international workshop on rare earth magnets and their application[C].Dresden Germany,1998.507-510.
[58]Hamada N,Mishima C,Mitarai H,et al.Development of Nd-Fe-B anisotropic bonded magnet with 27MGOe[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2 953-2 955.
[59]Yoshinobu H.Automotive motor innovation with anisotropic bonded magnet-magfine[A].Proceedings of 19th intemational workshop on rare earth permanent magnets and their applications[C].Beijing China,2006.231-239
[60]罗阳.全球NdFeB磁体产业的变化与发展[J].电气技术,2008,(6):5-11.
[61]韩景智.HDDR各向异性三元Nd13Fe80B7的制备工艺及其各向异性形成机理的研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2002.
[2]Liu Z W,Huang H Y,Gao X X,et al.Microstructure and property evolution of isotropic and anisotropic NdFeB magnets fabricated from nanocrystalline ribbons by spark plasma sintering and hot deformation[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2011,44(2):025003.
[3]Liu W Q,Cui Z Z,Yi X F,et al.Structure and magnetic properties of magnetically isotropic and anisotropic Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering technology[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2010,107(9):09A719.
[4]Lee D,Bauser S,Higgins A,et al.Bulk anisotropic composite rare earth magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2009,99(8):08B516.
[5]Yutaka M.Recent development of NdFeB sintered magnets and their applications[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,330:343-345.
[6]Wang Zhenxi.Rare earth permanent magnet industry in China[A].The 5th international conference on rare earth development and application[C].Baotou:The Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2007.
[7]Sam Liu,Lee Don,Huang Meiqing,et al.Research and development of bulk anisotropic nanograin composite rare earth permanent magnets[A].Proc of 19th international workshop on RE PM and their applications[C].Beijing China,2006.123-135.
[8]Sagawa M,Fujimura S,Togawa N,et al.New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1984,55(6):2 083-2 087.
[9]Schultz L,Wecker J,Hellstern E.Formation and properties of NdFeB prepared by mechanical alloying and solidstate reaction[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1987,61:3 583-3 585.
[10]Jurczyk M,Cook J S,Collocott S J.Application of high energy ball milling to the production of magnetic powders from NdFeB-type alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,1995,217(1):65-68.
[11]Jurczyk M.Remanence enhanced Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe and Nd(Fe,Mo)12Nx/α-Fe type magnetic powder produced by high energy ball milling[J].Jounal of Alloys and compounds,1996,235(2):232-236.
[12]田震,李晋平,杜志刚,等.机械合金法的应用与开发[J].科技情报开发与经济,1997,(2):11-12.
[13]张深根,于敦波,应启明,等.高性能烧结NdFeB生产关键技术研究[J].金属功能材料,2001,8(2):12-15.
[14]包小倩,李青华,朱学新,等.高性能烧结NdFeB磁体的制备技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(9):850-853.
[15]王艳芳,包生祥,王敬东,等.粉末特性对Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)17永磁材料及性能的影响[J].粉末冶金技术,2007,25(1):24-27.
[16]张健,黄伯云,李益民.Nd-Fe-B永磁制粉技术及特点[J].粉末冶金技术,2005,23(6):465-469.
[17]梁树勇,王惠新,苏振华,等.中国烧结钕铁硼磁体产业的历史、现状及未来[J].磁性材料及器件,2005,36(6):1-4.
[18]闫文龙,颜世宏,于敦波,等.烧结钕铁硼的发展及其应用现状[J].金属功能材料,2008,15(6):33-37.
[19]金瑞湘.关于Nd-Fe-B永磁合金的制造方法[J].仪表材料,1987,18(5):261-267.
[20]Hadjipanayis G C,Hazelton R C,Lawless K R,et al.Magnetic hysteresis in rapidly quenched rare-earth alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1984,40(3):278-286.
[21]Croat J J,Herbst J F,Lee R W,et al.Pr-Fe and Nd-Febased materials:A new class of high-performance permanent magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1984,55:2 078-2 083.
[22]李晓红,关颖,李伟,等.α-FeNd2Fe14B复合纳米晶的织构形成研究[J].功能材料,2004,35(Z):558-560.
[23]Li Wei,Li Lanlan,Liu Yanguo,et al.Development of crystal texture in R-lean RFeCoNbB(R=Nd,Pr)alloy during melt spinning processes[J].Materials Science and Engineering B,2012,177(14):1 200-1 205.
[24]Sheng Hong-chao,Zeng Xie-rong,Li Xiao-hua,et al.Improvement of the magnetic properties of Nd9.5Fe81Zr3B6.5nanocomposite magnets by semi-melt spinning[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2009,321(19):3 042-3 045.
[25]Bernard J,Fidler J,Sagawa M,et al.Microstructure analysis of strip cast Nd-Fe-B alloys for high(BH)max magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1998,83(11):6 396-6 398.
[26]Kaneko Y.Highest performance of Nd-Fe-B magnet over 55 MGOe[J].IEEE Transactions on Magneties,2000,36:3 275-3 278.
[27]韩劲,汪雨生.烧结NdFeB铸造新工艺——薄片铸锭法[J].材料科学与工艺,1999,(S1):213-216.
[28]韩劲,曲洪桥,李长青.应用10mm薄板铸锭制备的Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体[J].磁性材料及器件,2002,33(1):1-5.
[29]Hirose Y,Hasegawa H,Sasaki S.Microstructure of strip cast alloys for high performance Nd-Fe-B magnets[A].Proceeding of 15th international workshop on rare-earth magnets and their applications[C].Dresden:Werkstoff Informations Gesellschaft,1998.77-86.
[30]罗阳.制作高性能Nd-Fe-B磁体的速凝薄片合金[J].电工合金,1999,(4):1-8.
[31]王标,刘汉强,丁开鸿,等.采用SC工艺制备高性能烧结钕铁硼磁体的研究[J].功能材料,2003,34(5):520-521.
[32]刘文昌.我国烧结钕铁硼产业的发展及其生产工艺[J].金属世界,2008,15(6):38-44.
[33]周寿增,董清飞.超强永磁体——稀土铁系永磁材料[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.3-321.
[34]Fukunaga H,Yamamoto R.Highly stable Nd-Fe-B bonded-magnets using spherieal powder prepared by spinning-cup atomization[A].18th iniernational workshop on high performance magnets and their applications[C].Armeey(Franee),2004.
[35]Vasilyeva E,Vystavkina V.Microstructure and properties of Nd-Fe-B powders by gas atomization[J].Magn Magn Mater,2003,267:267-273.
[36]Branagan D J,Hyde T A,Sellers C H,et al.A new generation of gas atomized powder with improved levels of energy product and processability[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1996,32:5 097-5 099.
[37]白书欣.粘结NdFeB永磁材料制造原理与技术[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006.
[38]王志刚.氢爆工艺制粉在烧结NdFeB中的应用[D].天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[39]Harris I R,Noble C,Bailey T.The hydrogen decrepitation of an Nd15Fe77B8 magnetic alloy[J].Journal of the Less-Common Metals,1985,160(10):L1-L4.
[40]Saje B,Holc J,Besenicar S.The sequence of fracture processes in hydrogen-decrepitation Nd16-xDyxFe76B8alloy[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1991,101(2):357-359.
[41]肖耀福,刘旭波,张正义,等.氢在NdFeB磁体制造中的应用[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(2):34-39.
[42]蒋洪川,杨仕清,张万里,等.NdFeB永磁材料氢脆机理及阻氢涂层研究[J].稀土,2002,23(1):27-31.
[43]贺琦军,李卫,潘伟.稀土永磁材料的吸/脱氢研究进展[J].磁性材料及器件,2002,33(3):16-19.
[44]Hammioui M E,Gerard N.Hydridation of RE2Fe14B compounds(RE=Nd,Ce,Y,Gd)[J].Journal of the Less Common Metals,1991,172-174(10):144-152.
[45]Turek K,Liszkowski P,Figil H.The influence of the kinetics of the hydrogenation of NdFeB alloys on hydrogen distribution in the alloy phases[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,2000,309(1):239-243.
[46]Lazaro F J,Garcia L M,Luis F,et al.Systematic magnetic AC susceptibility study of RE2Fe14 BHx and RE2Fe14CHx[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1991,101:372-324.
[47]Harris I R,McGuiness P J.Hydrogen:its use in the processing of NdFeB-type magnets[J].Journal of the Less Common Metals,1991,172-174(1):1 273-1 284.
[48]杨刚.NdFeB合金的氢爆及其电场烧结研究[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[49]Takeshita T,Nakayama R.Magnetie properties and microstruetures of the Nd-Fe-B magnets powder produced by hydrogen treatment[A].Proc 10th international workshop on RE magnets and their application[C].Kyoto Japan,1989.551-555.
[50]Meguiness P J,Zhong X J,Forsyth H.Disproportionation in Nd16Fe76B8-type Hydrides[J].Journal of the Less Common Metals,1989,158:339-342.
[51]王敬欣,孙爱芝.粘结NdFeB磁体制备的研究进展[J].稀有金属,2003,27(6):827-831.
[52]Gutfieiseh O,Gebel B,Mattem N.Texture in a ternary Nd16.2Fe78.2B5.6Powder using a modified hydrogenationdisproportionation-desorption-recombination process[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2000,210:5-9.
[53]Nakamura H,Kato K,Book D,et al.Enhancement of coereivity in high remanence HDDR Nd-Fe-B Powders[J].IEEE Transactions on Magneties,1999,35:3 274-3276.
[54]Sugimoto,Koike N,Book D,et al.An improved HDDR treatment for the produetion of anisotropic Nd-Fe-B ternary powders[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2002,330-332:592-896.
[55]Morimoto K,Niizuma E,Nakayama R,et al.Influence of original alloy microstrueture on magnetie properties of isotropie HDDR-treated Nd-Fe-B Powder[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,263:201-207.
[56]Shi G,Hu L X,Wang E D.Preparation,microstrueture and magnetie properties of an anocrystalline Nd12Fe82B6alloy by HDDR combined with mechanical milling[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,301:319-324.
[57]Nakamura H,Kato K,Book D,et al.A thermodynamic study of the HDDR conditions necessary for anisotropic Nd-Fe-B powders[A].Proc of l5th international workshop on rare earth magnets and their application[C].Dresden Germany,1998.507-510.
[58]Hamada N,Mishima C,Mitarai H,et al.Development of Nd-Fe-B anisotropic bonded magnet with 27MGOe[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2 953-2 955.
[59]Yoshinobu H.Automotive motor innovation with anisotropic bonded magnet-magfine[A].Proceedings of 19th intemational workshop on rare earth permanent magnets and their applications[C].Beijing China,2006.231-239
[60]罗阳.全球NdFeB磁体产业的变化与发展[J].电气技术,2008,(6):5-11.
[61]韩景智.HDDR各向异性三元Nd13Fe80B7的制备工艺及其各向异性形成机理的研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2002.