采用阻燃材料提高居民住宅火灾安全性的探讨
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摘要
阻燃材料可以从降低火灾载荷、降低烟气毒性和建立防火隔离等方面,最大限度地降低火灾危害。针对居民住宅高层化、居住人口老龄化等新特点,有目的、有目标地使用阻燃材料,使居民住宅装修防火标准等同于公共场所,将被动防火变为主动防火,是减少住宅火灾和降低生命及财产损失的有效手段。
Residential fire brings tremendous threats to human lives and property safety. New features occurred in residential fires like high-rising residential buildings, aged residents and so on. To apply flame retardant materials in residential buildings could be able to minimize fire hazards by decreasing fire load, reducing smoke toxicity and building fire isolation areas. The authors suggested that fire protection standards for residential buildings should be required as high as public buildings, and passive-proof ways should be changed into active-proof.
Residential fire brings tremendous threats to human lives and property safety. New features occurred in residential fires like high-rising residential buildings, aged residents and so on. To apply flame retardant materials in residential buildings could be able to minimize fire hazards by decreasing fire load, reducing smoke toxicity and building fire isolation areas. The authors suggested that fire protection standards for residential buildings should be required as high as public buildings, and passive-proof ways should be changed into active-proof.
引文
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[24]王真,屈伟,吴玉章.阻燃三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶对胶合板发烟特性的影响[J].木材工业,2016,30(6):19-22.
[2]方江源.人口老龄化对消防工作的影响和对策浅析[J].消防技术与产品信息,2012(6):57-60.
[3]A A Stec,T R Hull.Assessment of the fire toxicity of building insulation materials[J].Energy and Buildings,2011,43(2-3):498-506.
[4]Y Alarie.Toxicity of fire smoke[J].Crit.Rev.Toxicol.,2002,32(4):259-289.
[5]Y Alarie.The toxicity of smoke from polymeric materials during thermal decomposition[J].Annu.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol.,1985,25(1):325-347.
[6]杨立中,方伟峰,邓志华.火灾中的烟气毒性研究[J].火灾科学,2001,10(1):29-33.
[7]T Fateh,T Rogaume,J Luche,et al.Characterization of the thermal decomposition of two kinds of plywood with a cone calorimeter-FTIR apparatus[J].J Anal Appl Pyrolysis,2014,107(6):87-100.
[8]舒中俊,徐晓楠,李响.聚合物材料火灾燃烧性能评价-锥形量热仪试验方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[9]王真,吴玉章.木材及木质重组材料燃烧发烟规律的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(1):173-176.
[10]裴蓓,余明高,陈立伟,等.室内织物燃烧性能试验研究[J].热科学与技术,2013,12(4):349-352.
[11]王庆国,张军,周宇,等.几种热塑性塑料的燃烧行为研究[J].中国塑料,2002.16(12):55-59.
[12]李庆功,伍东,谢飞,等.居民住宅火灾危险及安全防火措施探析[J].消防科学与技术,2009,28(6):457-460.
[13]G Wu,J Li,Y Luo.Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of a novel post-chain extension flame retardant waterborne polyurethane[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2016,123:36-46.
[14]D Zheng,J Zhou,L Zhong,et al.A novel durable and high-phosphorous-containing flame retardant for cotton fabrics[J].Cellulose,2016,23(3):2211-2220.
[15]O Koklukaya,F Carosio,J C Grunlan,et al.Flame-retardant paper from wood fibers functionalized via layer-by-layer assembly[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2015,7(42):23750-23759.
[16]X X Ma,Y Z Wu,H L Zhu.The fire-retardant properties of the melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resins mixed with ammonium polyphosphate[J].J Wood Sci,2013,59(5):419-425.
[17]Q Zhang,J Zhan,K Zhou,et al.The influence of carbon nanotubes on the combustion toxicity of PP/intumescent flame retardant composites[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2015,115:38-44.
[18]T R Hull,A A Stec,K Lebek,et al.Factors affecting the combustion toxicity of polymeric materials[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2007,92(12):2239-2246.
[19]A A Stec,T R Hull,K Lebek,et al.The effect of temperature and ventilation condition on the toxic product yields from burning polymers[J].Fire Mater,2008,32(1):49-60.
[20]T R Hull.The development of sustainable fire retardant materials[J].Materials China,2016,35(5):321-332.
[21]X Liu,D-M Xu,Y-L Wang,et al.Smoke and toxicity suppression properties of ferrites on flame-retardant polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams filled with phosphonate[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2016,125(1):245-254.
[22]G Proulx,I M A Reid.Occupant behavior and evacuation during the chicago cook county administration building fire[J].J Fire Prot Eng,2006,16(4):283-309.
[23]R F Fahy,G Proulx.Toward creating a database on delay times to start evacuation and walking speeds for use in evacuation modeling[C].2001:175-183.
[24]王真,屈伟,吴玉章.阻燃三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶对胶合板发烟特性的影响[J].木材工业,2016,30(6):19-22.