南京市栖霞区学龄前儿童牙齿状况调查
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摘要
目的调查南京市栖霞区学龄前儿童牙齿状况。方法从南京市栖霞区22 622例3～6岁学龄前儿童中选取569例进行龋齿及牙齿数量情况调查,同时选取10 879例适合牙齿矫治的儿童进行牙齿形态调查。分析学龄前儿童龋齿、融合牙、缺失牙、过小牙情况以及前牙反(牙合)情况。结果569例学龄前儿童患龋率为70.47%,龋均为2.96±3.87,龋面均为6.89±6.81。不同年龄儿童的龋均值和龋面均值有统计学差异(P<0.05),且随着年龄的增长,龋均值及龋面均值逐渐增加(P<0.05)。569例学龄前儿童融合牙发生率为1.41%,缺失牙发生率为1.23%,过小牙发生率为0.18%。对10 879例学龄前儿童进行前牙反(牙合)情况检查,发现239例前牙反(牙合),其中21例进行前牙反(牙合)矫治。21例中,18例为前牙牙源性或功能性反(牙合),3例为骨性前牙反(牙合)。19例通过2.5～7.0个月的活动矫治解除反(牙合),2例未完成矫治。结论南京市栖霞区学龄前儿童龋齿发生率较高,家长对牙齿形态矫治的意识较弱,应加强孕期营养及家长的口腔健康宣教,降低学龄前儿童的龋齿、牙齿数量和形态异常的发生率。
Objective To investigate the dental condition of preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city.Methods The dental caries and teeth quantity were detected in 569 preschool children,which were selected from 22 622 preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city.The teeth morphology was detected in 10 879 preschool children suitable for dental correction.The conditions of dental caries,fused teeth,missing teeth,microdontia and anterior crossbites were analyzed.ResultsThe rate of dental caries in 569 preschool children was 70.47%,the average value of caries was 2.96±3.87 and that of decayed surface was 6.89±6.81.The average values of caries and decayed surface were different among different ages,which were increased with the age(P<0.05).The incidence rates of fused teeth,missing teeth and microdontia were 1.41%,1.23% and 0.18%.Of 10 879 preschool children,anterior crossbite was found in 239 cases,of whom 21 cases were treated with anterior crossbite correction.Of 21 cases,18 cases were anterior odontogenesis or functional crossbite and 3 cases were osseous anterior crossbite.Nineteen cases were treated by 2.5-7.0 months of correction and 2 cases were not corrected successfully.Conclusion The incidence of dental caries of preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city is higher.The parents are less aware of tooth shape correction.The nutrition and oral health education of parents should be strengthened in order to reduce the incidence of dental caries,abnormal teeth quantity and morphology in preschool children.
Objective To investigate the dental condition of preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city.Methods The dental caries and teeth quantity were detected in 569 preschool children,which were selected from 22 622 preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city.The teeth morphology was detected in 10 879 preschool children suitable for dental correction.The conditions of dental caries,fused teeth,missing teeth,microdontia and anterior crossbites were analyzed.ResultsThe rate of dental caries in 569 preschool children was 70.47%,the average value of caries was 2.96±3.87 and that of decayed surface was 6.89±6.81.The average values of caries and decayed surface were different among different ages,which were increased with the age(P<0.05).The incidence rates of fused teeth,missing teeth and microdontia were 1.41%,1.23% and 0.18%.Of 10 879 preschool children,anterior crossbite was found in 239 cases,of whom 21 cases were treated with anterior crossbite correction.Of 21 cases,18 cases were anterior odontogenesis or functional crossbite and 3 cases were osseous anterior crossbite.Nineteen cases were treated by 2.5-7.0 months of correction and 2 cases were not corrected successfully.Conclusion The incidence of dental caries of preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city is higher.The parents are less aware of tooth shape correction.The nutrition and oral health education of parents should be strengthened in order to reduce the incidence of dental caries,abnormal teeth quantity and morphology in preschool children.
引文
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[6] 郭鸿华,张红,林翔,等.福州市5413名学龄前儿童龋病调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2011,26(4):574.
[7] 杨兰,马力扬,冯正虎,等.甘肃省口腔健康流行病学抽样调查报告[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2009,25(4):501-504.
[8] 张凯强,程睿波,李健,等.辽宁省3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况抽样调查报告(2015-2016年)[J].中国实用口腔科杂志,2018,11(7):435-438.
[9] Vollú AL,da Costa MDEPR,Maia LC,et al.Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life to assess dental treatment in preschool children with early childhood caries:a preliminary study[J].J Clin Pediatr Dent,2017,42(1):37-44.
[10] 潘琳.乳牙反颌424例病因分析[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2010,12(9):33.
[11] Cheng HC,Shih MJ.Dentofacial changes after anterior crossbite correction using a lingual arch with finger springs[J].J Dent Sci,2017,12(1):70-77.
[12] 侯豫.改良式活动矫治器矫治乳牙期前牙反颌30例[J].贵阳医学院学报,2014,39(1):96-97.
[2] 齐小秋.第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:11.
[3] Kowash MB,Alkhabuli JO,Dafaalla SA,et al.Early childhood caries and associated risk factors among preschool children in Ras Al-Khaimah,United Arab Emirates[J].Eur Arch Paediatr Dent,2017,18(2):97-103.
[4] Nguyen YHT,Ueno M,Zaitsu T,et al.Early childhood caries and risk factors in Vietnam[J].J Clin Pediatr Dent,2018,42(3):173-181.
[5] 李静,龚爱秀.635例患龋儿童的龋病情况调查[J].江苏医药,2009,35(3):356.
[6] 郭鸿华,张红,林翔,等.福州市5413名学龄前儿童龋病调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2011,26(4):574.
[7] 杨兰,马力扬,冯正虎,等.甘肃省口腔健康流行病学抽样调查报告[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2009,25(4):501-504.
[8] 张凯强,程睿波,李健,等.辽宁省3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况抽样调查报告(2015-2016年)[J].中国实用口腔科杂志,2018,11(7):435-438.
[9] Vollú AL,da Costa MDEPR,Maia LC,et al.Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life to assess dental treatment in preschool children with early childhood caries:a preliminary study[J].J Clin Pediatr Dent,2017,42(1):37-44.
[10] 潘琳.乳牙反颌424例病因分析[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2010,12(9):33.
[11] Cheng HC,Shih MJ.Dentofacial changes after anterior crossbite correction using a lingual arch with finger springs[J].J Dent Sci,2017,12(1):70-77.
[12] 侯豫.改良式活动矫治器矫治乳牙期前牙反颌30例[J].贵阳医学院学报,2014,39(1):96-97.