微灌鱼雷网式过滤器全流场数值模拟
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摘要
为了充分了解鱼雷网式过滤器内部流场分布规律,该文应用雷诺时均(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)方程及RNG k-ε湍流模型,对过滤器内部全流场进行全流场数值模拟。结果表明:鱼雷部件和出水口边界条件对该过滤器的速度流场和压力场分布规律影响很大,鱼雷部件的影响是尤为突出;滤网及其内、外侧的水流流速沿X轴的变化规律分流速迅速增加、流速迅速减小和流速缓慢减小3个阶段;滤网内外压力分布有很大的的差异,滤网内侧压力沿X轴分布从迅速增加到缓慢减小、最后趋于稳定。而滤网外侧压力分布沿X轴的变化很大,特别是在出水口处压力迅速减少,压力沿X轴的波动幅度较大。滤网内侧压力比外侧的大,两者的压力差沿X轴越来越小,最大压力差为23 k Pa左右,最小压力差为0.5 k Pa。研究结果认为整个滤网堵塞不均匀,滤网堵塞呈现从尾部开始向出水口方向发展的趋势,对后续滤网的冲洗排污产生重要影响。该文建议在设定最佳排污压差时需要慎重考虑。
In order to deeply understand the flow distribution of the torpedo screen filter,the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equation and Re-Normalization Group(RNG)k-εturbulence closure model were used to simulate the flow field of this filter system.To ensure the reliability of the numerical simulation,the physical experiment results were compared to the numerical simulation results,and the result showed that the maximum relative error between the head loss in the physical experiment and the numerical simulation was 5.99%when the filtering system was operated at a maximum flow rate of 360m3/h,indicating reliability of the simulation method.The simulation results showed that the torpedo components and the boundary conditions of the outlet notably affected the distribution rules of both the velocity and the pressure fields for the filter,especially for the torpedo components.The distributions of the flow velocities of inside and outside of the screen along the X-axis were not uniform during the filtering process.And the flow velocity distributions inside and outside of the filter screen along the X-axis were divided into 3 stages:1)a rapid increase;2)a rapid decrease;and 3)a gradual decrease.The maximum velocities inside and outside of the screen and their spatial locations along the X-axis were different.For the upper part of the screen,the inside flow velocity increased in a larger amplitude than did the outside flow velocity,and the flow velocity achieved its maximum(5.53 m/s)at the X value of 0.29 m.The outside water flow velocity of the upper part of the screen achieved its maximum value(3.9 m/s)at the X value of 0.33 m.When the X value ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 m,the inside flow velocity of the upper part of the screen was larger than that of the outside;however,the difference in the flow velocity along the X-axis continually decreased from the maximum difference of 4.1 m/s.For the lower part of the screen,the maximum flow velocity and its position of lower part of the screen was 5.4 m/s and 0.42 m,respectively.When the X value was 0.41-0.51 m,the flow velocity of the water in the outside area of the lower part of the screen was larger than that of water in the inside area.Nonetheless,the flow velocities of water in the other inside of lower screen were higher than those of water in the outside,and the maximum difference in the flow velocity was 2.28 m/s.There was a notable difference in the pressure distributions along the inside and outside of the screen.The pressure of the inside along the X-axis first rapidly increased,then gradually decreased,and finally stabilized.In contrast,the pressure of the outside along the X-axis exhibited a greater variation;for example,the pressure rapidly decreases at the outlet,and the fluctuations along the X-axis are relatively large.The pressure of the inside of the screen was larger than that of the outside;however,the pressure differences along the X-axis continually decreased,and the maximum and minimum pressure differences between the two were approximately 23 and 0.5 k Pa,respectively.This indicated that the screen clogging was not evenly distributed,and the screen clogging began at the downstream end of the screen and developed progressively upstream towards the outlet.This phenomenon significantly affected the cleaning process of the filter.Therefore,it is strongly suggested that in a practical application the optimum drainage differential pressure must be circumspectly considered.
In order to deeply understand the flow distribution of the torpedo screen filter,the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equation and Re-Normalization Group(RNG)k-εturbulence closure model were used to simulate the flow field of this filter system.To ensure the reliability of the numerical simulation,the physical experiment results were compared to the numerical simulation results,and the result showed that the maximum relative error between the head loss in the physical experiment and the numerical simulation was 5.99%when the filtering system was operated at a maximum flow rate of 360m3/h,indicating reliability of the simulation method.The simulation results showed that the torpedo components and the boundary conditions of the outlet notably affected the distribution rules of both the velocity and the pressure fields for the filter,especially for the torpedo components.The distributions of the flow velocities of inside and outside of the screen along the X-axis were not uniform during the filtering process.And the flow velocity distributions inside and outside of the filter screen along the X-axis were divided into 3 stages:1)a rapid increase;2)a rapid decrease;and 3)a gradual decrease.The maximum velocities inside and outside of the screen and their spatial locations along the X-axis were different.For the upper part of the screen,the inside flow velocity increased in a larger amplitude than did the outside flow velocity,and the flow velocity achieved its maximum(5.53 m/s)at the X value of 0.29 m.The outside water flow velocity of the upper part of the screen achieved its maximum value(3.9 m/s)at the X value of 0.33 m.When the X value ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 m,the inside flow velocity of the upper part of the screen was larger than that of the outside;however,the difference in the flow velocity along the X-axis continually decreased from the maximum difference of 4.1 m/s.For the lower part of the screen,the maximum flow velocity and its position of lower part of the screen was 5.4 m/s and 0.42 m,respectively.When the X value was 0.41-0.51 m,the flow velocity of the water in the outside area of the lower part of the screen was larger than that of water in the inside area.Nonetheless,the flow velocities of water in the other inside of lower screen were higher than those of water in the outside,and the maximum difference in the flow velocity was 2.28 m/s.There was a notable difference in the pressure distributions along the inside and outside of the screen.The pressure of the inside along the X-axis first rapidly increased,then gradually decreased,and finally stabilized.In contrast,the pressure of the outside along the X-axis exhibited a greater variation;for example,the pressure rapidly decreases at the outlet,and the fluctuations along the X-axis are relatively large.The pressure of the inside of the screen was larger than that of the outside;however,the pressure differences along the X-axis continually decreased,and the maximum and minimum pressure differences between the two were approximately 23 and 0.5 k Pa,respectively.This indicated that the screen clogging was not evenly distributed,and the screen clogging began at the downstream end of the screen and developed progressively upstream towards the outlet.This phenomenon significantly affected the cleaning process of the filter.Therefore,it is strongly suggested that in a practical application the optimum drainage differential pressure must be circumspectly considered.
引文
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[11]宗全利,刘飞,刘焕芳,等.大田滴灌自清洗网式过滤器的水头损失试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):86-92.Zong Quanli,Liu Fei,Liu Huanfang,et al.Experiments on water head losses of self-cleaning screen filter for drip irrigation in field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):86-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[22]宗全利,郑铁刚,刘焕芳,等.滴灌自清洗网式过滤器全流场数值模拟与分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):57-63.Zong Quanli,Zheng Tiegang,Liu Huanfang,et al.Numerical simulation and analysis on whole flow field for drip self-cleaning screen filter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(16):57-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]王志斌,陈文梅,褚良银,等.旋流分离器中固体颗粒随机轨道的数值模拟及分离特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(6):34-39.Wang Zhibin,Chen Wenmei,Chu Liangyin,et al.Numerical simulation of particale motion trajectory in a hydrocyclone using a stochastic trajectory model[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(6):34-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Dai GQ,Li JM,Chen WD.Numerical prediction of the liquid flow within a hydrocyclone[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,1999,74:217-227.
[25]刘新阳.微灌用水力旋流器内水沙两相湍流数值模拟[D].武汉大学,2009.Liu Xinyang.Numerical Simulation of Water and Sediment Two-phase Flow in Hydrocyclone for Micro-irrigation[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[2]王栋,薛瑞清.滴灌用水动活塞叠片式自动过滤装置的研制[J].节水灌溉,2010(3):15-18.Wang Dong,Xue Ruiqing.Study on terrace automatic filter equipment with piston driven by water for drip irrigation[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2010(3):15-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]王燕燕.自清洗叠片过滤器的设计与研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2010.Wang Yanyan.Design and Research of Self-cleaning Discs-type Filter[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]刘焕芳.自动清洗网式过滤器:中国,ZL200920164576.6[P].2010-09-01.
[5]王新坤,许颖,涂琴.微灌系统过滤装置优化选型与配置[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):160-163.Wang Xinkun,Xu Ying,Tu Qin.Optimal selection and collocation of filter unit in micro-irrigation system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(10):160-163.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]杨晓军,刘飞,吴玉秀,等.新疆农田节水灌溉系统首部过滤设备选型探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(5):76-80.Yang Xiaojun,Liufei,Wu Yuxiu,et al.A discuss on the first part filtration equipment selection in Xinjiang Agricultural water-saving irrigation system[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2014(5):76-80.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]刘飞,刘焕芳,宗全利,等.新型自清洗网式过滤器结构优化研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,(10):18-21.Liu Fei,Liu Huanfang,Zong Quanli,et al.Research on the new type self-cleaning screen filter’s structural optimization[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2010,(10):18-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]郑铁刚,刘焕芳,宗全利.微灌用过滤器过滤性能分析及应用选型研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2008(3):36-45.Zheng Tiegang,Liu Huanfang,Zong Quanli.Analysis and research for the filtering quality and type-selecting of emitter in micro-irrigation[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering.2008(3):36-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]于旭永,刘焕芳,宗全利,等.自吸式全自动网式过滤器运行中存在问题及解决措施[J].节水灌溉,2013(8):51-53.Yu Xuyong,Liu Huanfang,Zong Quanli,et al.Problems of solutions of the operation of self-cleaning screen filter[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2013(8):51-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]张力,张凯,张杰武.新型滴灌系统及附属设备的研发与应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(4):61-63.
[11]宗全利,刘飞,刘焕芳,等.大田滴灌自清洗网式过滤器的水头损失试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):86-92.Zong Quanli,Liu Fei,Liu Huanfang,et al.Experiments on water head losses of self-cleaning screen filter for drip irrigation in field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):86-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]张娟娟,徐建新,黄修桥,等.国内微灌用叠片过滤器研究现状综述[J].节水灌溉,2015(3):59-6.Zhang Juanjuan,Xu Jianxin,Huang Xiuqiao,et al.Research status and development trend of disc filter in micro-irrigation[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2015(3):59-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]宗全利,刘焕芳,郑铁刚,等.微灌用网式新型自清洗过滤器的设计与试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(1):78-82.Zong Quanli,Liu Huanfang,Zheng Tiegang,et al.The design and experimental study on new net self cleaning filter for micro-Irrigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2010,29(1):78-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]刘焕芳,刘飞,谷趁趁,等.自清洗网式过滤器水力性能试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,30(2):203-208.Liu Huanfang,Liu Fei,Gu Chenchen,et al.Experiment on hydraulic performance of self-cleaning screen filter[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2012,30(2):203-208.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Yurdem H,Demir V,Degirmencioglu A.Development of a mathematical model to predict head losses from disc filters in drip irrigation systems using dimensional analysis[J].Biosystems Engineering,2008,100(1):14-23.
[16]Mailaphlli D R,Marques P A A,Thomas K J.Performance evaluation of hydrocyclone fiter of micro irrigation[J].Engineering Agricultural,Jaboticabal,2007,27(2):373-382.
[17]Duran-Ros M,Arbat G,Barragan J,et al.Assessment of head loss equations developed with dimensional analysis for microirrigation filters using effluents[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010(106):521-526.
[18]Capra A,Scicolone B.Assessing dripper clogging and filtering performance using municipal wastewater[J].Irrigation and Drainage,2005(54):S71-S79.
[19]Duran-Ros M,Puig-Brgues J,Arbat G,et al.Performance and backwashing efficiency of disc and screen filters in micro irrigation systems[J].Biosystem Engineering,2009(103):35-42.
[20]王新坤,高世凯,夏立平,等.微灌用网式过滤器数值模拟及结构优化[J].灌排机械工程学报,2013,31(8):719-723.Wang Xinkun,Gao Shikai,Xia Liping,et al.Numerical simulation and structural optimizationof screen filter in micro-irrigation[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2013,31(8):719-723.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]王栋蕾,宗全利,刘建军.微灌用自清洗网式过滤器自清洗结构流场分析与优化研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(12):5-8.Wang Donglei,Zong Quanli,Liu Jianjun.Flow analysis and structure optimization of self-cleaning nets filter for micro-irrigation[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2011(12):5-8.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]宗全利,郑铁刚,刘焕芳,等.滴灌自清洗网式过滤器全流场数值模拟与分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):57-63.Zong Quanli,Zheng Tiegang,Liu Huanfang,et al.Numerical simulation and analysis on whole flow field for drip self-cleaning screen filter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(16):57-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]王志斌,陈文梅,褚良银,等.旋流分离器中固体颗粒随机轨道的数值模拟及分离特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(6):34-39.Wang Zhibin,Chen Wenmei,Chu Liangyin,et al.Numerical simulation of particale motion trajectory in a hydrocyclone using a stochastic trajectory model[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(6):34-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Dai GQ,Li JM,Chen WD.Numerical prediction of the liquid flow within a hydrocyclone[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,1999,74:217-227.
[25]刘新阳.微灌用水力旋流器内水沙两相湍流数值模拟[D].武汉大学,2009.Liu Xinyang.Numerical Simulation of Water and Sediment Two-phase Flow in Hydrocyclone for Micro-irrigation[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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