河南省卢氏县灰池子岩体外围花岗伟晶型铀矿地质特征研究
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摘要
灰池子岩体外围发育大量的伟晶岩脉,是伟晶岩型铀矿的重要富集区,已在陕西境内发现2个大型伟晶岩型铀矿床。经过近几年的铀矿勘查,在河南省卢氏县灰池子岩体外围也发现了伟晶岩型铀矿体,证明该区存在巨大的铀矿找矿潜力。然而,由于该区研究程度较低,不利于进一步的铀矿勘查。文章以灰池子岩体外围含铀伟晶岩为研究对象,在全面分析其宏观、微观及地球化学特征的基础上,指出研究区伟晶岩型铀矿以晶质铀矿和铀钍石的形式赋存于黑云母花岗伟晶岩中,并提出了伟晶岩型铀矿的宏观、微观及地球化学找矿标志。通过对研究区伟晶岩铀矿石与光石沟铀矿石的对比研究,发现两区铀矿石虽具有相似的矿物组成及结构构造等特征,但在常量及微量元素含量、副矿物种类、岩石分异度、稀土元素及微量元素配分等方面存在一定差异,推测导致这种差异的主要原因与两个地区所处的构造位置及岩浆活动强烈程度有关。
There are lots of pegmatite veins on the periphery of the Huichizi granitic pluton, which constitute an important uranium concentration area, where many large pegmatite-type uranium deposits have been discovered, such as Guangshigou and Chenjiazhuang pegmatite-type uranium deposits in Shanxi Province. Uranium exploration in recent years led to the discovery of many pegmatite-type uranium orebodies on the periphery of Huichizi granitic pluton in Henan Province, which proves great metallogenetic potentiality of pegmatite-type uranium ore deposits. Based on comprehensive analysis and study of the macroscopic, microcosmic and geochemical characteristics of U-bearing biotite pegmatites, this paper points out that pegmatite-type uranium ore deposits are located in the biotite granite pegmatite in the form of crystalline uranium and uranothorite. Meanwhile, this paper points out firstly the macroscopic, microcosmic and geochemical ore-prospecting criteria in search for granitic pegmatite-type uranium ore deposits in the study area, which are red rocks, relatively big rock mineral composition, gray oily luster quartz, rich potassium feldspar and biotite, strong potassium alteration, higher values of Si O2, K and differentiation index, lower rittmann index and oxygen fugacity, and richer Zr, Hf, V, Ti and Mo. A comparison of U-bearing biotite pegmatites between the study area and Guangshigou shows that they share similar mineral compositions and textures or structures, but are somewhat different in major and trace elements, representative mineral type, disparity, distribution of REE and some of trace elements. The main reason is possibly attributed to the different intensities of structure and magmatic activities in the two areas.
There are lots of pegmatite veins on the periphery of the Huichizi granitic pluton, which constitute an important uranium concentration area, where many large pegmatite-type uranium deposits have been discovered, such as Guangshigou and Chenjiazhuang pegmatite-type uranium deposits in Shanxi Province. Uranium exploration in recent years led to the discovery of many pegmatite-type uranium orebodies on the periphery of Huichizi granitic pluton in Henan Province, which proves great metallogenetic potentiality of pegmatite-type uranium ore deposits. Based on comprehensive analysis and study of the macroscopic, microcosmic and geochemical characteristics of U-bearing biotite pegmatites, this paper points out that pegmatite-type uranium ore deposits are located in the biotite granite pegmatite in the form of crystalline uranium and uranothorite. Meanwhile, this paper points out firstly the macroscopic, microcosmic and geochemical ore-prospecting criteria in search for granitic pegmatite-type uranium ore deposits in the study area, which are red rocks, relatively big rock mineral composition, gray oily luster quartz, rich potassium feldspar and biotite, strong potassium alteration, higher values of Si O2, K and differentiation index, lower rittmann index and oxygen fugacity, and richer Zr, Hf, V, Ti and Mo. A comparison of U-bearing biotite pegmatites between the study area and Guangshigou shows that they share similar mineral compositions and textures or structures, but are somewhat different in major and trace elements, representative mineral type, disparity, distribution of REE and some of trace elements. The main reason is possibly attributed to the different intensities of structure and magmatic activities in the two areas.
引文
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Chen J D,Bao M W,Zhang Y N,LI J G and Li D J.2014.The metallogenic geological characteristics of pegmatite veins and typical tantalum-niobium ore deposit in Lushi county of Henan[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,33(4):13-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Y W,Bi X W,Hu R Z,Dong S H,Cheng D J and Feng Z S.2013.Mineral chemistry of biotite and its implication for uranium mineralization in Guangshigou pegmatite-type uranium deposit,South Shanxi Province[J].Mineralogy and Petrology,33(44):17-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Z S,Chen J L,Chen D J,Zhou L and Zhang X T.2015.Characteristics of host rock and uranium mineralization in Guangshigou uranium deposit[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,32(4):200-207(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Z S,Zhang X T,Jiao J R,Wang Z Q,Wang Q and Wang J C.2013.Characteristics and prospecting direction of granitic pegmatitetype uranium in Danfeng area,Shaanxi Province[J].Northwestern Geology,46(2):159-166(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo J J,Li H K and Chen Z H.2003.Brief review of the study of Qinling Complex,Qinling Orogenic Belt[J].Geological Survey and Research,26(2):97-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
Le Bas M J,Le Maitre R W and Streckeisen A.1986.A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total silica diagram[J].Journal of Petrology,27:745-750.
Li J H.2010.Geological characteristics and prospective analysis of uranium-producing pegmatites in Lushi western Henan Province[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology,33(3):257-261(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li W P,Wang T and Wang X X.2001.Source of Huichizi granitoid complex pluton in northern Qinling,central China:Constrained in element and isotopic geochemistry[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,26(3):271-278(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li W P,Wang T,Wang X X and Cao H F.2000.Single zircon U-Pb age of Huichizi complex massif,northern Qinling[J].Regional Geology of China,19(2):172-174(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu X X.1991.Qinling granite[A].In:Ye L J.Selected papers of academic seminars about Qinling orogenic belt[C].Xi'an:Northwestern University Press,250-260(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu X X,Zhu C H,Gu D M,Zhang H M,Wu M and Wu Y.2010.The main geological and metallogenic characteristics of granitic pegmatite in eastern Qinling belt[J].Geological Review,56(1):21-30(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo Z S,Sha Y Z and Zhang Z S.2008.Research report on enrichment regulation and metallogenetic prospecting prediction of granite-pegmatite-type uranium deposit in Danfeng area[R].Beijing:China Nuclear Geology.Unpublished report.1-5(in Chinese).
Middlemost E A K.1985.Magmas and magmatic rocks[M].London:Longman.1-266p.
Peccerillo R and Taylor S R.1976.Geochemistry of Eocene cala-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area,Northern Turkey[J].Contributions to Mineral and Petrology,58:63-81.
Sha Y Z,Zuo W Q,Zhang Z S and Rao C J.2011.Difference of orebearing an non-ore-bearing pegmatite in the Guangshigou area and its research significance[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology,34(3):215-223(in Chinese with English abstract).
Thompson R N.1982.British tertiary volcanic province[J].Scottish Journal of Geology,18:59-107.
Wan J,Gao L B and Wang L X.1992.Metallogenic environmental study and prospect assessment of the granite-pegmatite-type uranium deposit in Shangxian-Danfeng triangle area,Shaanxi[J].Uranium Geology,8(5):257-263(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie H J.1993.Study on geochemical characteristics of granite-pegmatitetype uranium deposit and its petrogenesic-metallogenic mechanism(dissertation for master degree)[D].Supervisor:Rong J S.Beijing:Graduate Thesis of Beijing Geological Research Institute of Nuclear Industry.85-86(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈金铎,包民伟,张迎年,李国建,李德军.2014.河南卢氏伟晶岩脉及典型钽铌矿床成矿地质特征[J].矿产保护与利用,33(4):13-17.
陈佑纬,毕献武,胡瑞忠,董少花,程德进,冯张生.2013.陕南光石沟伟晶岩型铀矿床黑云母矿物化学研究及其对铀成矿的启示[J].矿物岩石,33(44):17-28.
冯张生,陈金录,程德进,周琳,张夏涛.2015.光石沟铀矿床含矿主岩及铀矿化特征[J].世界核地质科学,32(4):200-207.
冯张生,张夏涛,焦金荣,王兆泉,王强,王菊婵.2013.陕西省丹凤地区花岗岩型铀矿特征及找矿方向[J].西北地质,46(2):159-166.
郭进京,李怀坤,陈志宏.2003.秦岭造山带秦岭杂岩研究中有关问题讨论[J].地质调查与研究,26(2):97-102.
李靖辉.2010.豫西卢氏产铀伟晶岩地质特征及其找矿前景分析[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),33(3):257-261.
李伍平,王涛,王晓霞,曹惠锋.2000.北秦岭灰池子复式岩体单颗粒锆石年龄[J].中国区域地质,19(2):172-174.
李伍平,王涛,王晓霞.2001.北秦岭灰池子花岗质复式岩体的源岩讨论---元素-同位素地球化学制约[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,26(3):271-278.
卢欣祥.1991.秦岭花岗岩[A].见:叶连俊.秦岭造山带学术讨论会论文选集[C].西安:西北大学出版社,250-260.
卢欣祥,祝朝辉,谷德敏,张画眠,吴梅,吴艳.2010.东秦岭花岗伟晶岩的基本地质矿化特征[J].地质评论,56(1):21-30.
罗忠戍,沙亚洲,张展适.2008.丹凤地区花岗伟晶岩型铀矿富集规律及成矿远景预测研究报告[R].中国核工业地质局.1-5.
沙亚洲,左文乾,张展适,饶超俊.2011.陕西秦岭光石沟铀矿床含矿与非含矿伟晶岩差异性及其研究意义[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),34(3):215-223.
万吉,高立宝,王莲香.1992.商丹三角地区花岗伟晶岩型成矿环境研究及远景评价[J].铀矿地质,8(5):257-263.
谢红接.1993.花岗伟晶岩型铀矿地球化学特征、成岩成矿机理研究(硕士论文)[D].导师:戎嘉树.北京:核工业北京地质研究院,35-56.
Chen J D,Bao M W,Zhang Y N,LI J G and Li D J.2014.The metallogenic geological characteristics of pegmatite veins and typical tantalum-niobium ore deposit in Lushi county of Henan[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,33(4):13-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Y W,Bi X W,Hu R Z,Dong S H,Cheng D J and Feng Z S.2013.Mineral chemistry of biotite and its implication for uranium mineralization in Guangshigou pegmatite-type uranium deposit,South Shanxi Province[J].Mineralogy and Petrology,33(44):17-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Z S,Chen J L,Chen D J,Zhou L and Zhang X T.2015.Characteristics of host rock and uranium mineralization in Guangshigou uranium deposit[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,32(4):200-207(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Z S,Zhang X T,Jiao J R,Wang Z Q,Wang Q and Wang J C.2013.Characteristics and prospecting direction of granitic pegmatitetype uranium in Danfeng area,Shaanxi Province[J].Northwestern Geology,46(2):159-166(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo J J,Li H K and Chen Z H.2003.Brief review of the study of Qinling Complex,Qinling Orogenic Belt[J].Geological Survey and Research,26(2):97-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
Le Bas M J,Le Maitre R W and Streckeisen A.1986.A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total silica diagram[J].Journal of Petrology,27:745-750.
Li J H.2010.Geological characteristics and prospective analysis of uranium-producing pegmatites in Lushi western Henan Province[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology,33(3):257-261(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li W P,Wang T and Wang X X.2001.Source of Huichizi granitoid complex pluton in northern Qinling,central China:Constrained in element and isotopic geochemistry[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,26(3):271-278(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li W P,Wang T,Wang X X and Cao H F.2000.Single zircon U-Pb age of Huichizi complex massif,northern Qinling[J].Regional Geology of China,19(2):172-174(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu X X.1991.Qinling granite[A].In:Ye L J.Selected papers of academic seminars about Qinling orogenic belt[C].Xi'an:Northwestern University Press,250-260(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu X X,Zhu C H,Gu D M,Zhang H M,Wu M and Wu Y.2010.The main geological and metallogenic characteristics of granitic pegmatite in eastern Qinling belt[J].Geological Review,56(1):21-30(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo Z S,Sha Y Z and Zhang Z S.2008.Research report on enrichment regulation and metallogenetic prospecting prediction of granite-pegmatite-type uranium deposit in Danfeng area[R].Beijing:China Nuclear Geology.Unpublished report.1-5(in Chinese).
Middlemost E A K.1985.Magmas and magmatic rocks[M].London:Longman.1-266p.
Peccerillo R and Taylor S R.1976.Geochemistry of Eocene cala-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area,Northern Turkey[J].Contributions to Mineral and Petrology,58:63-81.
Sha Y Z,Zuo W Q,Zhang Z S and Rao C J.2011.Difference of orebearing an non-ore-bearing pegmatite in the Guangshigou area and its research significance[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology,34(3):215-223(in Chinese with English abstract).
Thompson R N.1982.British tertiary volcanic province[J].Scottish Journal of Geology,18:59-107.
Wan J,Gao L B and Wang L X.1992.Metallogenic environmental study and prospect assessment of the granite-pegmatite-type uranium deposit in Shangxian-Danfeng triangle area,Shaanxi[J].Uranium Geology,8(5):257-263(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie H J.1993.Study on geochemical characteristics of granite-pegmatitetype uranium deposit and its petrogenesic-metallogenic mechanism(dissertation for master degree)[D].Supervisor:Rong J S.Beijing:Graduate Thesis of Beijing Geological Research Institute of Nuclear Industry.85-86(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈金铎,包民伟,张迎年,李国建,李德军.2014.河南卢氏伟晶岩脉及典型钽铌矿床成矿地质特征[J].矿产保护与利用,33(4):13-17.
陈佑纬,毕献武,胡瑞忠,董少花,程德进,冯张生.2013.陕南光石沟伟晶岩型铀矿床黑云母矿物化学研究及其对铀成矿的启示[J].矿物岩石,33(44):17-28.
冯张生,陈金录,程德进,周琳,张夏涛.2015.光石沟铀矿床含矿主岩及铀矿化特征[J].世界核地质科学,32(4):200-207.
冯张生,张夏涛,焦金荣,王兆泉,王强,王菊婵.2013.陕西省丹凤地区花岗岩型铀矿特征及找矿方向[J].西北地质,46(2):159-166.
郭进京,李怀坤,陈志宏.2003.秦岭造山带秦岭杂岩研究中有关问题讨论[J].地质调查与研究,26(2):97-102.
李靖辉.2010.豫西卢氏产铀伟晶岩地质特征及其找矿前景分析[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),33(3):257-261.
李伍平,王涛,王晓霞,曹惠锋.2000.北秦岭灰池子复式岩体单颗粒锆石年龄[J].中国区域地质,19(2):172-174.
李伍平,王涛,王晓霞.2001.北秦岭灰池子花岗质复式岩体的源岩讨论---元素-同位素地球化学制约[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,26(3):271-278.
卢欣祥.1991.秦岭花岗岩[A].见:叶连俊.秦岭造山带学术讨论会论文选集[C].西安:西北大学出版社,250-260.
卢欣祥,祝朝辉,谷德敏,张画眠,吴梅,吴艳.2010.东秦岭花岗伟晶岩的基本地质矿化特征[J].地质评论,56(1):21-30.
罗忠戍,沙亚洲,张展适.2008.丹凤地区花岗伟晶岩型铀矿富集规律及成矿远景预测研究报告[R].中国核工业地质局.1-5.
沙亚洲,左文乾,张展适,饶超俊.2011.陕西秦岭光石沟铀矿床含矿与非含矿伟晶岩差异性及其研究意义[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),34(3):215-223.
万吉,高立宝,王莲香.1992.商丹三角地区花岗伟晶岩型成矿环境研究及远景评价[J].铀矿地质,8(5):257-263.
谢红接.1993.花岗伟晶岩型铀矿地球化学特征、成岩成矿机理研究(硕士论文)[D].导师:戎嘉树.北京:核工业北京地质研究院,35-56.