准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤跳虫群落特征研究
|
摘要
为了解准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤跳虫群落结构特征及其变化,在2011年4、7、9和11月中旬对该交错带胡杨林、防护林、荒草原、灌木林、荒漠、菜瓜地及耕地等7种典型生境土壤跳虫群落特征进行比较研究。结果表明,共获得土壤跳虫2487只,隶属于4目10科17属。其中球角跳属Hypogastrura、伪亚跳属Pseudeachorutes、棘跳属Onychiurus、等节跳属Isotoma为优势类群,占总数的64.58%。长跳属、驼跳属、原等跳属等10个属为常见类群,占总数的33.26%。小圆跳属、短角跳属、疣跳属为稀有类群,占总数的2.16%。绿洲-荒漠交错带不同生境土壤跳虫群落组成、个体数以及不同季节间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中个体数依次为胡杨林>防护林>灌木林>耕地>荒草原>菜瓜地>荒漠。不同季节土壤跳虫个体数顺序为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。研究表明不同生境土壤湿度、植被类型及人为干扰程度是影响该交错带跳虫群落结构的主要因素。
In order to understanding the characteristics of community structure and seasonal changes of soil collembolans in the different habitats( poplar forest,desert grassland,farmland,shelter forest,shrubbery,vegetable field and desert) in oasis- desert ecotone on southeastern edge of Junggar basin,field surveys were conducted by using international general sampling methods in April,July,September and November in 2011. Main findings of this study are as follows: A total of 2487 soil Collembolan were captured and classified into 17 genera,10 families,4 orders,respectively. Of which the dominant groups include Pseudeachorutes,Hypogastrura,Onychiurus,Isotoma,and they account for 64. 58% of total collections. Nentomobrya,Cyphoderus,Proisotoma et al ten genera are the common groups,and they account for 33. 26% of totals. The other three genera Sminthurinus,Neelus,Neanura are the rare groups,and they account for 2. 16% of the total individuals. There are significant differences in composition and individuals of collembolans among the different habitats in the oasis- desert ecotone( P < 0. 05). The orders of individual number are poplar forest > shelter forest > shrubbery > farmland > desert grassland > vegetable land > desert. The vertical distributions of the individual densities and group numbers are mainly in the layer of 0 ~ 5cm in the soil profile. There are also significant differences among the seasons in the composition and individuals of soil collembolan communities,and the sequences of seasonal dynamics of individual numbers of the soil collembolan are July > April > September > November. The research indicates aboveground vegetation types,humidity and the human disturbance are the main factors that are influencing the collembolan community structure and in that ecotone.
In order to understanding the characteristics of community structure and seasonal changes of soil collembolans in the different habitats( poplar forest,desert grassland,farmland,shelter forest,shrubbery,vegetable field and desert) in oasis- desert ecotone on southeastern edge of Junggar basin,field surveys were conducted by using international general sampling methods in April,July,September and November in 2011. Main findings of this study are as follows: A total of 2487 soil Collembolan were captured and classified into 17 genera,10 families,4 orders,respectively. Of which the dominant groups include Pseudeachorutes,Hypogastrura,Onychiurus,Isotoma,and they account for 64. 58% of total collections. Nentomobrya,Cyphoderus,Proisotoma et al ten genera are the common groups,and they account for 33. 26% of totals. The other three genera Sminthurinus,Neelus,Neanura are the rare groups,and they account for 2. 16% of the total individuals. There are significant differences in composition and individuals of collembolans among the different habitats in the oasis- desert ecotone( P < 0. 05). The orders of individual number are poplar forest > shelter forest > shrubbery > farmland > desert grassland > vegetable land > desert. The vertical distributions of the individual densities and group numbers are mainly in the layer of 0 ~ 5cm in the soil profile. There are also significant differences among the seasons in the composition and individuals of soil collembolan communities,and the sequences of seasonal dynamics of individual numbers of the soil collembolan are July > April > September > November. The research indicates aboveground vegetation types,humidity and the human disturbance are the main factors that are influencing the collembolan community structure and in that ecotone.
引文
[1]陈鹏,田中真悟.长春净月潭地区土壤跳虫的生态分布[J].昆虫学报,1990,33(2):219-226.
[2]柯欣,梁文举,字万太,等.下辽河平原不同土地利用方式下土壤微节肢动物群落结构研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):600-604.
[3]柯欣,赵立军,尹文英.青冈林土壤跳虫群落结构在落叶分解过程中的变化[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):982-987.
[4]柯欣,赵立军,尹文英.三种乔木落叶分解过程中跳虫群落结构的演替[J].昆虫学报,2001,44(2):221-226.
[5]谢桐音,谢桂林,赫福霞.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛跳虫群落研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(9):92-96.
[6]朱强根,朱安宁,张佳宝,等.华北潮土长期施肥对土壤跳虫群落的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):946-952.
[7]孙元,兰晓萍,邵洪涛.土栖弹尾虫环境指示作用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(13):6-9.
[8]陈李林,尤民生,陈少波,等.不同生境茶园弹尾虫群落的结构与动态[J].茶叶科学,2010,30(4):277-286.
[9]陈建秀,麻智春,严海娟,等.跳虫在土壤生态系统中的作用[J].生物多样性,2007,15(2):154-161.
[10]贾少波,岳丽蕊,陈建秀.跳虫分类简介[J].生物学通报,2009,44(10):21-22.
[11]Bellinger P F,Christiansen K A,Janssens F.Checklist of the Collembola of the World.2014[OL].http://www.collembola.org
[12]贾少波,李朝晖,张玉平,等.跳虫新分类系统的目科检索[J].聊城大学学报,2010,23(1):38-41.
[13]靳亚丽,由文辉,易兰,等.天童森林生态系统凋落物层跳虫群落的生态学研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):241-247.
[14]郝峥嵘,黄人鑫.新疆等节跳科七新种记述(弹尾目,节腹亚目)[J].动物分类学报,1995,20(1):68-80.
[15]黄人鑫,郝峥嵘.等节跳虫表皮和小眼表面超微结构的观察弹尾目等节跳科[J].新疆大学学报,1992,9(2):93-97.
[16]孙元.我国不同生态系统中弹尾虫研究进展[J].国土与自然资源研究,2014(2):83-84.
[17]Bandyopadhyaya I,Choudhuri D K,Ponge J F.Effects of some physical factors and agricultural practices on Collembola in a multiple cropping programme in West Bengal(India)[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2002,38:111-117.
[18]Fujii S,Saitoha S,Takeda H.Effects of rhizospheres on the community composition of Collembola in a temperate forest[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:109-115.
[19]Maria S,Julia S,Igor K.Effect of hydrologic regime and forest age on Collembola in riparian forests[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,75:199-209.
[20]Matthew S T,ZoL.Combined effects of abiotic factors on Collembola communities reveal precipitation may act as a disturbance[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,81:81-88.
[21]Daniel W.Collembolan response to red mud pollution in Western Hungary[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:219-229.
[22]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐孙,木开热木·阿吉木,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类的群落多样性与相似性[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):75-79.
[23]阿布都如苏力·吐孙,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,木开热木·阿吉木.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类群落特征初步研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):160-166.
[24]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐逊,木卡热木·阿吉木,等.乌鲁木齐地区不同生境下土壤跳虫群落结构及多样性研究[J].四川动物,2013,32(1):60-67.
[25]尹文英,胡圣豪,沈温芬,等.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社:1998,282-292,592-599.
[26]青木淳一.日本土壤动物检索图鉴[M].东京:科学出版社,1998:23-139.
[27]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.吉林中、西部平原区土壤弹尾虫群落结构的比较[J].昆虫学报,2005,48(6):935-942.
[28]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.长春市不同土地利用生境土壤弹尾虫群落结构特征[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(2):180-184.
[29]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐孙,古丽布斯坦·努尔买买提,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤动物群落特征[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1617-1625.
[30]佟富春,陈步峰,谢正生,等.广州白云山几种林分修复模式下凋落物跳虫群落的特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(4):94-97.
[31]吴东辉,尹文英,阎日青.植被恢复方式对重度退化草原土壤跳虫群落的影响[J].中国环境科学,2008,8(5):466-470.
[32]吴东辉,尹文英,李月芬.刈割和封育对松嫩草原碱化羊草草地土壤跳虫群落的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(5):117-123.
[33]Eveline J K,Rien A,Matty P B,et al.Northern peatland Collembola communities unaffected by three summers of simulated extreme precipitation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,79:70-76.
[34]Motohiro H,Aino T O,Daisuke K,et al.The effects of mixed broad-leaved trees on the collembolan community in larch plantations of central Japan[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014.83:125-132.
[35]Tomohiro Y,Naoki H.The body-size distribution of arboreal collembolans in relation to the vertical structure of a Japanese cedar plantation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:116-124.
[36]Wu T J,Su F L,Han H Y,et al.Responses of soil microarthropods to warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid temperate steppe[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,84:200-207.
[37]Zhang B,Chang L,Ni Z,et al.Effects of land use changes on winter-active Collembola in Sanjiang Plain of China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:51-58.
[2]柯欣,梁文举,字万太,等.下辽河平原不同土地利用方式下土壤微节肢动物群落结构研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):600-604.
[3]柯欣,赵立军,尹文英.青冈林土壤跳虫群落结构在落叶分解过程中的变化[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):982-987.
[4]柯欣,赵立军,尹文英.三种乔木落叶分解过程中跳虫群落结构的演替[J].昆虫学报,2001,44(2):221-226.
[5]谢桐音,谢桂林,赫福霞.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛跳虫群落研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(9):92-96.
[6]朱强根,朱安宁,张佳宝,等.华北潮土长期施肥对土壤跳虫群落的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):946-952.
[7]孙元,兰晓萍,邵洪涛.土栖弹尾虫环境指示作用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(13):6-9.
[8]陈李林,尤民生,陈少波,等.不同生境茶园弹尾虫群落的结构与动态[J].茶叶科学,2010,30(4):277-286.
[9]陈建秀,麻智春,严海娟,等.跳虫在土壤生态系统中的作用[J].生物多样性,2007,15(2):154-161.
[10]贾少波,岳丽蕊,陈建秀.跳虫分类简介[J].生物学通报,2009,44(10):21-22.
[11]Bellinger P F,Christiansen K A,Janssens F.Checklist of the Collembola of the World.2014[OL].http://www.collembola.org
[12]贾少波,李朝晖,张玉平,等.跳虫新分类系统的目科检索[J].聊城大学学报,2010,23(1):38-41.
[13]靳亚丽,由文辉,易兰,等.天童森林生态系统凋落物层跳虫群落的生态学研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):241-247.
[14]郝峥嵘,黄人鑫.新疆等节跳科七新种记述(弹尾目,节腹亚目)[J].动物分类学报,1995,20(1):68-80.
[15]黄人鑫,郝峥嵘.等节跳虫表皮和小眼表面超微结构的观察弹尾目等节跳科[J].新疆大学学报,1992,9(2):93-97.
[16]孙元.我国不同生态系统中弹尾虫研究进展[J].国土与自然资源研究,2014(2):83-84.
[17]Bandyopadhyaya I,Choudhuri D K,Ponge J F.Effects of some physical factors and agricultural practices on Collembola in a multiple cropping programme in West Bengal(India)[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2002,38:111-117.
[18]Fujii S,Saitoha S,Takeda H.Effects of rhizospheres on the community composition of Collembola in a temperate forest[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:109-115.
[19]Maria S,Julia S,Igor K.Effect of hydrologic regime and forest age on Collembola in riparian forests[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,75:199-209.
[20]Matthew S T,ZoL.Combined effects of abiotic factors on Collembola communities reveal precipitation may act as a disturbance[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,81:81-88.
[21]Daniel W.Collembolan response to red mud pollution in Western Hungary[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:219-229.
[22]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐孙,木开热木·阿吉木,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类的群落多样性与相似性[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):75-79.
[23]阿布都如苏力·吐孙,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,木开热木·阿吉木.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类群落特征初步研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):160-166.
[24]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐逊,木卡热木·阿吉木,等.乌鲁木齐地区不同生境下土壤跳虫群落结构及多样性研究[J].四川动物,2013,32(1):60-67.
[25]尹文英,胡圣豪,沈温芬,等.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社:1998,282-292,592-599.
[26]青木淳一.日本土壤动物检索图鉴[M].东京:科学出版社,1998:23-139.
[27]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.吉林中、西部平原区土壤弹尾虫群落结构的比较[J].昆虫学报,2005,48(6):935-942.
[28]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.长春市不同土地利用生境土壤弹尾虫群落结构特征[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(2):180-184.
[29]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐孙,古丽布斯坦·努尔买买提,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤动物群落特征[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1617-1625.
[30]佟富春,陈步峰,谢正生,等.广州白云山几种林分修复模式下凋落物跳虫群落的特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(4):94-97.
[31]吴东辉,尹文英,阎日青.植被恢复方式对重度退化草原土壤跳虫群落的影响[J].中国环境科学,2008,8(5):466-470.
[32]吴东辉,尹文英,李月芬.刈割和封育对松嫩草原碱化羊草草地土壤跳虫群落的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(5):117-123.
[33]Eveline J K,Rien A,Matty P B,et al.Northern peatland Collembola communities unaffected by three summers of simulated extreme precipitation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,79:70-76.
[34]Motohiro H,Aino T O,Daisuke K,et al.The effects of mixed broad-leaved trees on the collembolan community in larch plantations of central Japan[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014.83:125-132.
[35]Tomohiro Y,Naoki H.The body-size distribution of arboreal collembolans in relation to the vertical structure of a Japanese cedar plantation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:116-124.
[36]Wu T J,Su F L,Han H Y,et al.Responses of soil microarthropods to warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid temperate steppe[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,84:200-207.
[37]Zhang B,Chang L,Ni Z,et al.Effects of land use changes on winter-active Collembola in Sanjiang Plain of China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:51-58.