海上风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡与抑制
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摘要
基于电压源换流器的柔性直流(VSC-HVDC)输电技术已经成为远距离海上风电场接入系统的理想解决方案,由于海上风电机组采用大型风力涡轮机,导致轴系各质块的弹性系数相比传统内陆风电机组有所增大,当海上风电场经VSC-HVDC并网时,将引发两种次同步振荡:风电机组轴系扭振、风电机组与VSC-HVDC换流器控制装置之间相互作用引发的次同步振荡。针对此问题,文中建立海上双馈风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的小信号模型,利用参与因子辨识出轴系扭振和装置间相互作用两种振荡模式以及与之相对应的强相关状态变量;在此基础上,通过特征值分析法绘制根轨迹曲线,进一步分析强相关状态变量参数变化对系统电气阻尼特性的影响;基于信号测试法提出了一种附加阻尼控制的双馈风电机组附加励磁阻尼控制器与柔性直流输电系统次同步阻尼控制器协同抑制措施,并通过DIgSILENT/PowerFactory仿真验证了协同抑制方法的有效性。
The voltage-source-converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)transmission technology has become an ideal solution for grid-connection of remote offshore wind farms.As the offshore wind generation unit using large-scale wind turbines,the elastic coefficient of each mass of the shaft is larger than that of conventional inland wind generation unit.When the offshore wind farms integrated to the power grid through VSC-HVDC,two subsynchronous oscillations are triggered,i.e.,the torsional vibration of the turbine shaft and the subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between the wind turbine and the VSC-HVDC converter.This paper developes a small signal model for grid-connection of offshore wind farm through VSC-HVDC.Then the two oscillation modes and the corresponding strong correlation state variables are analyzed by the participant factor analysis.On this basis,the root locus curve of the strong correlation state parameter is plotted by the eigenvalue analysis method,and its influence on the electrical damping characteristics of the system is analyzed.Based on the signal test method,this paper proposes a co-suppression method of supplementary excitation damping controllers for DFIGbased wind turbines and VSC-HVDC system with supplementary damping control.The co-suppression method is verified by the simulation on DIgSILENT/PowerFactory.
The voltage-source-converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)transmission technology has become an ideal solution for grid-connection of remote offshore wind farms.As the offshore wind generation unit using large-scale wind turbines,the elastic coefficient of each mass of the shaft is larger than that of conventional inland wind generation unit.When the offshore wind farms integrated to the power grid through VSC-HVDC,two subsynchronous oscillations are triggered,i.e.,the torsional vibration of the turbine shaft and the subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between the wind turbine and the VSC-HVDC converter.This paper developes a small signal model for grid-connection of offshore wind farm through VSC-HVDC.Then the two oscillation modes and the corresponding strong correlation state variables are analyzed by the participant factor analysis.On this basis,the root locus curve of the strong correlation state parameter is plotted by the eigenvalue analysis method,and its influence on the electrical damping characteristics of the system is analyzed.Based on the signal test method,this paper proposes a co-suppression method of supplementary excitation damping controllers for DFIGbased wind turbines and VSC-HVDC system with supplementary damping control.The co-suppression method is verified by the simulation on DIgSILENT/PowerFactory.
引文
[1]KIRAKOSYAN A,MOURSI M S E,KHADKIKAR V.Fault ride through and grid support topology for the VSC-HVDC connected offshore wind farms[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1592-1604.
[2]MOAWWAD A,MOURSI M S E,XIAO Weidong.Advanced fault ride-through management scheme for VSC-HVDC connecting offshore wind farms[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(6):4923-4934.
[3]SHI Gang,WU Guoxiang,CAI Xu,et al.Coordinated control of multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission for large offshore wind farms[C]//International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,September 4-6,2012,Novi Sad,Serbia:1278-1282.
[4]肖湘宁,罗超,廖坤玉.新能源电力系统次同步振荡问题研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(6):85-97.XIAO Xiangning,LUO Chao,LIAO Kunyu.Review of the research on subsynchronous oscillation issues in electric power system with renewable energy sources[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(6):85-97.
[5]LIU Hanchao,SUN Jian.Voltage stability and control of offshore wind farms with AC collection and HVDC transmission[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2014,2(4):1181-1189.
[6]THOMAS T.Offshore wind power substations 2017:Troubleshooting continues[EB/OL].(2014-10-08)[2017-04-10].http://www.offshorewindindustry.com/news/troubleshooting-continues.
[7]陈实,李宽,李兴源,等.大规模海上风电场经HVDC并网引发轴系扭振分析与抑制[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2015,47(6):144-149.CHEN Shi,LI Kuan,LI Xingyuan,et al.Analysis and damping of subsynchronous torsional interaction in large scale offshore wind farm supply power by HVDC[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(6):144-149.
[8]吕敬,董鹏,施刚,等.大型双馈风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡及其抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4852-4860.LJing,DONG Peng,SHI Gang,et al.Subsynchronous oscillation and its mitigation of MMC-based HVDC with large doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farm integration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4852-4860.
[9]程时杰,曹一家,江全元.电力系统次同步振荡的理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.CHENG Shijie,CAO Yijia,JIANG Quanyuan.Theory and method of subsynchronous oscillation in power system[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[10]王伟胜,张冲,何国庆,等.大规模风电场并网系统次同步振荡研究综述[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1020-1060.WANG Weisheng,ZHANG Chong,HE Guoqing,et al.Overview of research on subsynchronous oscillations in largescale wind farm integrated system[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1050-1060.
[11]唐新安,谢志明,王哲,等.风力机齿轮箱故障诊断[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,27(1):120-124.TANG Xin'an,XIE Zhiming,WANG Zhe,et al.Fault diagnosis of gearbox for wind turbine[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2007,27(1):120-124.
[12]张新燕,何山,张晓波,等.风电机组组主要部件故障诊断研究[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2009,26(2):140-144.ZHANG Xinyan,HE Shan,ZHANG Xiaobo,et al.Study of fault diagnosis wind turbine generator system[J].Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition),2009,26(2):140-144.
[13]RIBRANT J.Reliability performance and maintenance:a survey of failures in wind power systems[D].Sweden:KTH School of Electrical Engineering,2006.
[14]AKHMATOV V.Variable-speed wind turbines with doublyfed induction generators:PartⅡpower system stability[J].Wind Engineering,2002,26(3):171-188.
[15]HANSEN A D,MICHALKE G.Fault ride-through capability of DFIG wind turbines[J].Renewable Energy,2007,32(9):1594-1610.
[16]张琛,李征,高强,等.双馈风电机组的不同控制策略对轴系振荡的阻尼作用[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(27):135-144.ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,GAO Qiang,et al.Damping effects on torsional oscillation of DFIG drive-chain using different control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(27):135-144.
[17]张琛,李征,蔡旭,等.双馈风电机组轴系扭振的稳定与控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(10):301-310.ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,CAI Xu,et al.Stability and control of shaft torsional oscillation for doubly-fed wind power generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(10):301-310.
[18]SHAFIU A,ANAYA L O,BATHURST G,et al.Aggregated wind turbine models for power system dynamic studies[J].Wind Engineering,2006,30(3):171-185.
[19]AMIN M,MOLINAS M.Understanding the origin of oscillatory phenomena observed between wind farms and HVDC systems[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(1):378-392.
[20]AKHMATOV V.Variable-speed wind turbines with doublyfed induction generators:PartⅠmodeling in dynamic simulation tools[J].Wind Engineering,2002,26(2):85-108.
[21]李东东,陈陈.风电机组组动态模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3):115-119.LI Dongdong,CHEN Chen.A study on dynamic model of wind turbine generator sets[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(3):115-119.
[22]隆垚,刘巨,姚伟,等.双馈风电机组运行转速对其轴系振荡影响机理的复转矩分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2088-2096.LONG Yao,LIU Ju,YAO Wei,et al.Complex torque analysis of the operating speed's impacts on the torsional oscillation mode of doubly-fed wind turbine generation system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):2088-2096.
[23]王毅,朱晓荣,赵书强.风力发电系统的建模与仿真[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:25-28.WANG Yi,ZHU Xiaorong,ZHAO Shuqiang.Modeling and simulation of wind power generation system[M].Beijing:China Water and Hydropower Press,2015:25-28.
[24]鞠平.电力系统建模理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:318-326.JU Ping.Theory and method of power system modeling[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:318-326.
[25]郭锡玖,谢小荣,刘世宇,等上都电厂SEDC提高次同步扭振阻尼的现场试验[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(10):97-100.GUO Xijiu,XIE Xiaorong,LIU Shiyu,et al.Field test of SEDC for subsynchronous torsional damping enhancement at Shangdu power plant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(10):97-100.
[26]张帆,徐政.TCSC对发电机组次同步谐振阻尼特性影响研究[J].高电压技术,2005,68(3):68-70.ZHANG Fan,XU Zheng.Study of SSR damping on a generator connected to TCSC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,68(3):68-70.
[27]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.NI Yixin,CHEN Shousun,ZHANG Baolin.Theory and analysis of dynamic power system[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002.
[28]张帆,徐政.直流输电次同步阻尼控制器的设计[J].电网技术,2008,13(11):13-17.ZHANG Fan,XU Zheng.A method to design a subsynchronous damping controller for HVDC transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2008,13(11):13-17.
[29]高本锋,赵成勇,肖湘宁,等.高压直流输电系统附加次同步振荡阻尼控制器的设计与实现[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):501-506.GAO Benfeng,ZHAO Chengyong,XIAO Xiangning,et al.Design and implementation of SSDC for HVDC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):501-506.
[30]徐政.复转矩系数法的适用性分析及其时域仿真实现[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(6):1-4.XU Zheng.The complex torque coefficient approach's applicability analysis and its realization by time domain simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(6):1-4.
[2]MOAWWAD A,MOURSI M S E,XIAO Weidong.Advanced fault ride-through management scheme for VSC-HVDC connecting offshore wind farms[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(6):4923-4934.
[3]SHI Gang,WU Guoxiang,CAI Xu,et al.Coordinated control of multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission for large offshore wind farms[C]//International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,September 4-6,2012,Novi Sad,Serbia:1278-1282.
[4]肖湘宁,罗超,廖坤玉.新能源电力系统次同步振荡问题研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(6):85-97.XIAO Xiangning,LUO Chao,LIAO Kunyu.Review of the research on subsynchronous oscillation issues in electric power system with renewable energy sources[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(6):85-97.
[5]LIU Hanchao,SUN Jian.Voltage stability and control of offshore wind farms with AC collection and HVDC transmission[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2014,2(4):1181-1189.
[6]THOMAS T.Offshore wind power substations 2017:Troubleshooting continues[EB/OL].(2014-10-08)[2017-04-10].http://www.offshorewindindustry.com/news/troubleshooting-continues.
[7]陈实,李宽,李兴源,等.大规模海上风电场经HVDC并网引发轴系扭振分析与抑制[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2015,47(6):144-149.CHEN Shi,LI Kuan,LI Xingyuan,et al.Analysis and damping of subsynchronous torsional interaction in large scale offshore wind farm supply power by HVDC[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(6):144-149.
[8]吕敬,董鹏,施刚,等.大型双馈风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡及其抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4852-4860.LJing,DONG Peng,SHI Gang,et al.Subsynchronous oscillation and its mitigation of MMC-based HVDC with large doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farm integration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4852-4860.
[9]程时杰,曹一家,江全元.电力系统次同步振荡的理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.CHENG Shijie,CAO Yijia,JIANG Quanyuan.Theory and method of subsynchronous oscillation in power system[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[10]王伟胜,张冲,何国庆,等.大规模风电场并网系统次同步振荡研究综述[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1020-1060.WANG Weisheng,ZHANG Chong,HE Guoqing,et al.Overview of research on subsynchronous oscillations in largescale wind farm integrated system[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1050-1060.
[11]唐新安,谢志明,王哲,等.风力机齿轮箱故障诊断[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,27(1):120-124.TANG Xin'an,XIE Zhiming,WANG Zhe,et al.Fault diagnosis of gearbox for wind turbine[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2007,27(1):120-124.
[12]张新燕,何山,张晓波,等.风电机组组主要部件故障诊断研究[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2009,26(2):140-144.ZHANG Xinyan,HE Shan,ZHANG Xiaobo,et al.Study of fault diagnosis wind turbine generator system[J].Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition),2009,26(2):140-144.
[13]RIBRANT J.Reliability performance and maintenance:a survey of failures in wind power systems[D].Sweden:KTH School of Electrical Engineering,2006.
[14]AKHMATOV V.Variable-speed wind turbines with doublyfed induction generators:PartⅡpower system stability[J].Wind Engineering,2002,26(3):171-188.
[15]HANSEN A D,MICHALKE G.Fault ride-through capability of DFIG wind turbines[J].Renewable Energy,2007,32(9):1594-1610.
[16]张琛,李征,高强,等.双馈风电机组的不同控制策略对轴系振荡的阻尼作用[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(27):135-144.ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,GAO Qiang,et al.Damping effects on torsional oscillation of DFIG drive-chain using different control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(27):135-144.
[17]张琛,李征,蔡旭,等.双馈风电机组轴系扭振的稳定与控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(10):301-310.ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,CAI Xu,et al.Stability and control of shaft torsional oscillation for doubly-fed wind power generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(10):301-310.
[18]SHAFIU A,ANAYA L O,BATHURST G,et al.Aggregated wind turbine models for power system dynamic studies[J].Wind Engineering,2006,30(3):171-185.
[19]AMIN M,MOLINAS M.Understanding the origin of oscillatory phenomena observed between wind farms and HVDC systems[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(1):378-392.
[20]AKHMATOV V.Variable-speed wind turbines with doublyfed induction generators:PartⅠmodeling in dynamic simulation tools[J].Wind Engineering,2002,26(2):85-108.
[21]李东东,陈陈.风电机组组动态模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3):115-119.LI Dongdong,CHEN Chen.A study on dynamic model of wind turbine generator sets[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(3):115-119.
[22]隆垚,刘巨,姚伟,等.双馈风电机组运行转速对其轴系振荡影响机理的复转矩分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2088-2096.LONG Yao,LIU Ju,YAO Wei,et al.Complex torque analysis of the operating speed's impacts on the torsional oscillation mode of doubly-fed wind turbine generation system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):2088-2096.
[23]王毅,朱晓荣,赵书强.风力发电系统的建模与仿真[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:25-28.WANG Yi,ZHU Xiaorong,ZHAO Shuqiang.Modeling and simulation of wind power generation system[M].Beijing:China Water and Hydropower Press,2015:25-28.
[24]鞠平.电力系统建模理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:318-326.JU Ping.Theory and method of power system modeling[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:318-326.
[25]郭锡玖,谢小荣,刘世宇,等上都电厂SEDC提高次同步扭振阻尼的现场试验[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(10):97-100.GUO Xijiu,XIE Xiaorong,LIU Shiyu,et al.Field test of SEDC for subsynchronous torsional damping enhancement at Shangdu power plant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(10):97-100.
[26]张帆,徐政.TCSC对发电机组次同步谐振阻尼特性影响研究[J].高电压技术,2005,68(3):68-70.ZHANG Fan,XU Zheng.Study of SSR damping on a generator connected to TCSC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,68(3):68-70.
[27]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.NI Yixin,CHEN Shousun,ZHANG Baolin.Theory and analysis of dynamic power system[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002.
[28]张帆,徐政.直流输电次同步阻尼控制器的设计[J].电网技术,2008,13(11):13-17.ZHANG Fan,XU Zheng.A method to design a subsynchronous damping controller for HVDC transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2008,13(11):13-17.
[29]高本锋,赵成勇,肖湘宁,等.高压直流输电系统附加次同步振荡阻尼控制器的设计与实现[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):501-506.GAO Benfeng,ZHAO Chengyong,XIAO Xiangning,et al.Design and implementation of SSDC for HVDC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):501-506.
[30]徐政.复转矩系数法的适用性分析及其时域仿真实现[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(6):1-4.XU Zheng.The complex torque coefficient approach's applicability analysis and its realization by time domain simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(6):1-4.