具备直流故障自清除能力的新型子模块拓扑
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摘要
基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电系统发展前景广阔,而传统的半桥结构MMC子模块故障穿越能力较低。为此,首先提出一种具有直流故障自清除能力的子模块拓扑,该拓扑在直流侧故障时可利用反向接入子模块的电容电压来阻断二极管的导通,切断故障电流通路;其次分析比较了几种常见的具有自清除能力的拓扑在建造投资和运行损耗方面的成本;最后,为便于对已建成工程进行改造,提出了新型子模块拓扑的控制调制策略。基于PSCAD电磁暂态仿真软件验证了所提结构的正确性和有效性。
The development prospect of high voltage direct current transmission system based on modular multilevel converter(MMC)is broad. However,the traditional half-bridge MMC sub-module has a lower fault ride through capability. Accordingly,a sub-module topology with DC fault self-clearance capability is proposed at first,which can block the conduction of the diode and cut off the fault current path using the capacitance voltage of reverse access sub-modules under DC fault. Second,the costs of construction and operation loss of several common topologies with fault selfclearance capability are analyzed and compared. Finally,to facilitate the transformation of completed projects,a modulation control strategy for the novel sub-module topology is proposed. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed topology are verified based on PSCAD electromagnetic transient simulation software.
The development prospect of high voltage direct current transmission system based on modular multilevel converter(MMC)is broad. However,the traditional half-bridge MMC sub-module has a lower fault ride through capability. Accordingly,a sub-module topology with DC fault self-clearance capability is proposed at first,which can block the conduction of the diode and cut off the fault current path using the capacitance voltage of reverse access sub-modules under DC fault. Second,the costs of construction and operation loss of several common topologies with fault selfclearance capability are analyzed and compared. Finally,to facilitate the transformation of completed projects,a modulation control strategy for the novel sub-module topology is proposed. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed topology are verified based on PSCAD electromagnetic transient simulation software.
引文
[1] Lesnicar A,Marquardt R. An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range[C]//IEEE Bologna Power Technology Conference. Bologna,Italy,2003.
[2]徐殿国,刘瑜超,武健,等(Xu Dianguo,Liu Yuchao,Wu Jian,et al).多端直流输电系统控制研究综述(Review on control strategies of multi-terminal direct current transmission system)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2015,30(17):1-12.
[3]廖武,黄守道,黄晟,等(Liao Wu,Huang Shoudao,Huang Sheng,et al).基于模块化多电平换流器的直流输电系统网侧不平衡故障穿越研究(Unbalanced grid fault ride-through control method of HVDC power transmission based on modular multilevel converters)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2015,30(12):197-203.
[4] Marquardt R. Modular multilevel converter:an universal concept for HVDC-networks and extended DC-bus applications[C]//International Power Electronics Conference.Sapporo,Japan,2010:502-507.
[5] Dorn J,Gambach H,Strauss J,et al. Trans bay cable-a breakthrough of VSC multilevel converters in HVDC transmission[C]//2012 San Francisco Colloquium. San Francisco,USA,2012.
[6]董京,刘兆辉,蒋超(Dong Jing,Liu Zhaohui,Jiang Chao).模块化多电平柔性直流输电新型控制策略(Novel MMC-HVDC control strategy)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(2):129-134.
[7]程莹,杨浩,单佳佳,等(Chen Ying,Yang Hao,Shan Jiajia,et al).模块化多电平换流器故障容错控制策略(Fault-tolerant control strategy for modular multilevel converter)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(12):107-113.
[8]管敏渊,徐政(Guan Minyuan,Xu Zheng). MMC型VSCHVDC系统电容电压的优化平衡控制(Optimized capacitor voltage balancing control for modular multilevel converter based VSC-HVDC system)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2011,31(12):9-14.
[9]周阳,易东,高洁(Zhou Yang,Yi Dong,Gao Jie).基于模块化多电平换流器的多端柔性直流输电系统仿真分析(Simulationanalysisofmodularmulti-levelconverterbased multi-terminal high voltage direct current system)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(S):6-9.
[10]丁云芝,苏建徽,周建,等(Ding Yunzhi,Su Jianhui,Zhou Jian,et al).基于钳位双子模块的MMC故障清除和重启能力分析(Analysis on fault current limitation and self-recoveryof MMC based on clamp double sub-module)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(1):97-103.
[11]林卫星,文劲宇,程时杰,等(Lin Weixing,Wen Jinyu,Cheng Shijie,et al).一种将风电场和常规电厂捆绑并网的三端直流输电系统(A three terminal HVDC system to bundle wind farms with conventional power plants)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2012,32(28):16-26.
[12]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光,等(Tang Guangfu,Luo Xiang,Wei Xiaoguang,et al).多端直流输电与直流电网技术(Multi-terminal HVDC and DC grid technology)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2013,33(10):8-17.
[13] Yang Jin,Fletcher J E,O’Reilly J. Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-based DC network cables[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(10):3827-3837.
[14] Li Xiaoqian,Song Qiang,Liu Wenhua,et al. Protection of nonpermanent faults on DC overhead lines in MMC-based HVDC systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):483-490.
[15] Grain A,Ahmed K,Singh N,et al. H-bridge modular multilevel converter(M2C)for high-voltage applications[C]//21st International Conference on Electricity Distribution.Frankfurt,Germany,2011.
[16]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰,等(Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong,Sun Haifeng,et al).模块化多电平换流器改进拓扑结构及其应用(Improved topology of modular multilevel converter and application)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2014,29(8):173-179.
[17] Li Xiaoqian,Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang,et al. An enhanced MMC topology with DC fault ride-through capability[C]//39th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Vienna,Austria,2013:6182-6188.
[18] Solas E,Abad G,Barrena J A,et al. Modular multilevel converter with different submodule concepts-Part II:experimental validation and comparison for HVDC application[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(10):4536-4545.
[19]吴婧,姚良忠,王志冰,等(Wu Jing,Yao Liangzhong,Wang Zhibing,et al).直流电网MMC拓扑及其直流故障电流阻断方法研究(The study of MMC topologies and their DC fault current blocking capacities in DC grid)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2015,35(11):2681-2694.
[20] Marquardt R. Modular multilevel converter topologies with DC-short circuit current limitation[C]//IEEE 8th International Conference on Power Electronics. Jeju,Korea,2011:1425-1431.
[21]李笑倩,刘文华,宋强,等(Li Xiaoqian,Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang,et al).一种具备直流清除能力的MMC换流器改进拓扑(An enhanced MMC topology with DC fault clearance capability)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(36):6389-6397.
[22]李斌,李晔,何佳伟,等(Li Bin,Li Ye,He Jiawei,et al).具有直流故障清除能力的MMC子模块关键性能研究(Research on the key performance of MMC sub-modules with DC fault eliminating capability)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2016,36(8):2114-2122.
[23]潘武略,徐政,张静,等(Pan Wulüe,Xu Zheng,Zhang Jing,et al).电压源换流器型直流输电换流器损耗分析(Dissipation analysis of VSC-HVDC converter)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2008,28(21):7-14.
[24]薛英林,徐政,张哲仁,等(Xue Yinglin,Xu Zheng,Zhang Zheren,et al).采用不同子模块的MMC-HVDC阀损耗通用计算方法(General method of valve loss calculation for MMC-HVDC with different submodules)[J].电力自动化设备(Electric Power Automation Equipment),2015,35(1):20-29.
[25] Rohner S,Bernet S,Hiller M,et al. Modulation,losses,and semiconductor requirements of modular multilevel converters[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2633-2642.
[26] Bernet S,Krug D,Fazel S S,et al. Design and comparison of 4. 16 kV neutral point clamped,flying capacitor and series connected H-bridge multi-level converters[C]//IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Kowloon,China,2005:121-128.
[27]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰,等(Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong,Sun Haifeng,et al).基于改进拓扑的MMCHVDC控制策略仿真(Simulations of control strategies in MMC-HVDCWith an improved topology)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2015,35(5):1032-1040.
[2]徐殿国,刘瑜超,武健,等(Xu Dianguo,Liu Yuchao,Wu Jian,et al).多端直流输电系统控制研究综述(Review on control strategies of multi-terminal direct current transmission system)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2015,30(17):1-12.
[3]廖武,黄守道,黄晟,等(Liao Wu,Huang Shoudao,Huang Sheng,et al).基于模块化多电平换流器的直流输电系统网侧不平衡故障穿越研究(Unbalanced grid fault ride-through control method of HVDC power transmission based on modular multilevel converters)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2015,30(12):197-203.
[4] Marquardt R. Modular multilevel converter:an universal concept for HVDC-networks and extended DC-bus applications[C]//International Power Electronics Conference.Sapporo,Japan,2010:502-507.
[5] Dorn J,Gambach H,Strauss J,et al. Trans bay cable-a breakthrough of VSC multilevel converters in HVDC transmission[C]//2012 San Francisco Colloquium. San Francisco,USA,2012.
[6]董京,刘兆辉,蒋超(Dong Jing,Liu Zhaohui,Jiang Chao).模块化多电平柔性直流输电新型控制策略(Novel MMC-HVDC control strategy)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(2):129-134.
[7]程莹,杨浩,单佳佳,等(Chen Ying,Yang Hao,Shan Jiajia,et al).模块化多电平换流器故障容错控制策略(Fault-tolerant control strategy for modular multilevel converter)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(12):107-113.
[8]管敏渊,徐政(Guan Minyuan,Xu Zheng). MMC型VSCHVDC系统电容电压的优化平衡控制(Optimized capacitor voltage balancing control for modular multilevel converter based VSC-HVDC system)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2011,31(12):9-14.
[9]周阳,易东,高洁(Zhou Yang,Yi Dong,Gao Jie).基于模块化多电平换流器的多端柔性直流输电系统仿真分析(Simulationanalysisofmodularmulti-levelconverterbased multi-terminal high voltage direct current system)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(S):6-9.
[10]丁云芝,苏建徽,周建,等(Ding Yunzhi,Su Jianhui,Zhou Jian,et al).基于钳位双子模块的MMC故障清除和重启能力分析(Analysis on fault current limitation and self-recoveryof MMC based on clamp double sub-module)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(1):97-103.
[11]林卫星,文劲宇,程时杰,等(Lin Weixing,Wen Jinyu,Cheng Shijie,et al).一种将风电场和常规电厂捆绑并网的三端直流输电系统(A three terminal HVDC system to bundle wind farms with conventional power plants)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2012,32(28):16-26.
[12]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光,等(Tang Guangfu,Luo Xiang,Wei Xiaoguang,et al).多端直流输电与直流电网技术(Multi-terminal HVDC and DC grid technology)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2013,33(10):8-17.
[13] Yang Jin,Fletcher J E,O’Reilly J. Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-based DC network cables[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(10):3827-3837.
[14] Li Xiaoqian,Song Qiang,Liu Wenhua,et al. Protection of nonpermanent faults on DC overhead lines in MMC-based HVDC systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):483-490.
[15] Grain A,Ahmed K,Singh N,et al. H-bridge modular multilevel converter(M2C)for high-voltage applications[C]//21st International Conference on Electricity Distribution.Frankfurt,Germany,2011.
[16]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰,等(Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong,Sun Haifeng,et al).模块化多电平换流器改进拓扑结构及其应用(Improved topology of modular multilevel converter and application)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2014,29(8):173-179.
[17] Li Xiaoqian,Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang,et al. An enhanced MMC topology with DC fault ride-through capability[C]//39th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Vienna,Austria,2013:6182-6188.
[18] Solas E,Abad G,Barrena J A,et al. Modular multilevel converter with different submodule concepts-Part II:experimental validation and comparison for HVDC application[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(10):4536-4545.
[19]吴婧,姚良忠,王志冰,等(Wu Jing,Yao Liangzhong,Wang Zhibing,et al).直流电网MMC拓扑及其直流故障电流阻断方法研究(The study of MMC topologies and their DC fault current blocking capacities in DC grid)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2015,35(11):2681-2694.
[20] Marquardt R. Modular multilevel converter topologies with DC-short circuit current limitation[C]//IEEE 8th International Conference on Power Electronics. Jeju,Korea,2011:1425-1431.
[21]李笑倩,刘文华,宋强,等(Li Xiaoqian,Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang,et al).一种具备直流清除能力的MMC换流器改进拓扑(An enhanced MMC topology with DC fault clearance capability)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(36):6389-6397.
[22]李斌,李晔,何佳伟,等(Li Bin,Li Ye,He Jiawei,et al).具有直流故障清除能力的MMC子模块关键性能研究(Research on the key performance of MMC sub-modules with DC fault eliminating capability)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2016,36(8):2114-2122.
[23]潘武略,徐政,张静,等(Pan Wulüe,Xu Zheng,Zhang Jing,et al).电压源换流器型直流输电换流器损耗分析(Dissipation analysis of VSC-HVDC converter)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2008,28(21):7-14.
[24]薛英林,徐政,张哲仁,等(Xue Yinglin,Xu Zheng,Zhang Zheren,et al).采用不同子模块的MMC-HVDC阀损耗通用计算方法(General method of valve loss calculation for MMC-HVDC with different submodules)[J].电力自动化设备(Electric Power Automation Equipment),2015,35(1):20-29.
[25] Rohner S,Bernet S,Hiller M,et al. Modulation,losses,and semiconductor requirements of modular multilevel converters[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2633-2642.
[26] Bernet S,Krug D,Fazel S S,et al. Design and comparison of 4. 16 kV neutral point clamped,flying capacitor and series connected H-bridge multi-level converters[C]//IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Kowloon,China,2005:121-128.
[27]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰,等(Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong,Sun Haifeng,et al).基于改进拓扑的MMCHVDC控制策略仿真(Simulations of control strategies in MMC-HVDCWith an improved topology)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2015,35(5):1032-1040.