我国在CITES公约附录动物保护执法中存在的问题
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摘要
CITES公约有力地保护了全球的濒危物种,我国在打击涉及CITES公约附录物种的违法犯罪方面取得了良好的效果,然而我国在CITES公约附录动物的保护执法中还存在保护级别参照困难、涉案价值不易核定、保护名录更新不同步、执法程度有偏差等公约与国内法律法规的衔接方面不完善和鉴定难度大等问题,建议从加强CITES公约的研究、加强相关的国际合作、加强CITES公约附录动物的研究、加快法律法规的制定和加强动物鉴定技术与规范的研究等方面来完善我国的CITES公约附录动物的保护执法。
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora( CITES) has effectively protected the endangered species in the world. China has achieved good effects in combating delinquency involving species listed in the appendices of CITES. However,there are still many problems in the connection between domestic laws and regulations and CITES.These include determining the protection level of species in CITES appendices in accordance with counterpart species protected by China,determining the price of species listed in CITES appendi-ces that are involved in crimes; updating inconsistencies between CITES Appendices and Protected species list of China; and deviations in the degree of law enforcement. In addition,there are some difficulties in identification of species. To improve the protection afforded to species in China that are listed by CITES,some countermeasures are suggested. These include improvement of studies of the CITES Convention and animals in CITES appendices,strengthening the study of animal identification techniques and protocols, improving domestic related laws and regulations,strengthening relevant international and domestic cooperation,and deepening the integration of international conventions and domestic laws and regulations.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora( CITES) has effectively protected the endangered species in the world. China has achieved good effects in combating delinquency involving species listed in the appendices of CITES. However,there are still many problems in the connection between domestic laws and regulations and CITES.These include determining the protection level of species in CITES appendices in accordance with counterpart species protected by China,determining the price of species listed in CITES appendi-ces that are involved in crimes; updating inconsistencies between CITES Appendices and Protected species list of China; and deviations in the degree of law enforcement. In addition,there are some difficulties in identification of species. To improve the protection afforded to species in China that are listed by CITES,some countermeasures are suggested. These include improvement of studies of the CITES Convention and animals in CITES appendices,strengthening the study of animal identification techniques and protocols, improving domestic related laws and regulations,strengthening relevant international and domestic cooperation,and deepening the integration of international conventions and domestic laws and regulations.
引文
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[2]蔡淳.中国成为大象保护领域领导者[N].经济日报,2017-01-10(009).
[3]胡凌凌.中国海关获国际执法大奖[N].科技日报,2005-09-11(001).
[4]万自明,张月.我国野生生物执法再获国际大奖[N].中国绿色时报,2010-03-31(001).
[5]刘兆太.执法有力,走私无门[J].中国海关,2017(1):36-37.
[6]曾岩.爬行动物宠物国际贸易与濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)[J].水族世界,2011(1):22-27.
[7]周用武,韩焕金,刘昌景.不能作为宠物养的常见珍贵濒危动物图鉴[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2017.
[8]马克·奥谢,蒂姆·哈利戴.两栖与爬行动物[M].王跃招,译.北京:中国友谊出版公司,2005.
[9]长坂拓也.爬行类·两栖类800种图鉴[M]. 2版.林奇生,译.台北:展新文化事业股份有限公司,2002.
[10] Cota-Larson,R. Pangolin species identification guide:a rapid assessment tool for field and desk[M]. Bangkok:USAID Wildlife Asia Activity,2017.
[11]寇启伟.猎捕野生画眉鸟3名男子被判刑[N].贵州都市报,2017-05-14(A08).
[12]蔡铮.寨安边境检查站查获重点保护野生鸟类“鹩哥”96只[N].广西工人报,2018-03-09(05).
[13]马建章,田秀华,马雪峰.东方白鹤迁地保护研究现状及发展趋势[J].野生动物,2006,27(3):17-20.
[14]秦红霞.浅析我国加强CITES公约研究的必要性[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(4):720-725.
[15]孔宏智.生物多样性事业呼唤对物种概念和物种划分标准的深度讨论[J].生物多样性,2016,24(9):977-978.
[16]周用武,韩焕金.野生动植物物种鉴定的标准化研究[J].标准科学,2016(8):50-53.