泌乳前期奶牛在不同采食水平下产奶性能及血清指标的差异比较
|
摘要
为了研究不同采食水平下泌乳前期奶牛产奶量、乳成分及血清指标的差异,从40头健康泌乳前期奶牛中选取18头,分高采食量(HF)组(平均采食量为53.67 kg/d)、中采食量(MF)组(平均采食量为48.55 kg/d)和低采食量(LF)组(平均采食量为44.15 kg/d),每组各6头,在相同的条件下饲养,试验期70 d,每周记录产奶量并采集奶样(50 mL),分别于试验开始、第30和60天采集血样。结果显示:与LF组相比,MF组、HF组的产奶量分别增加了4.79 kg、9.83 kg(P<0.05),MF组、HF组的4%标准乳分别增加了5.94 kg(P<0.05)、9.8 kg(P<0.05),HF组的尿素氮下降了10.21%(P<0.05);HF组的白蛋白、甘油三酯含量随采食水平显著升高(P<0.05);MF组、HF组的游离脂肪酸、总胆固醇、胰岛素显著高于LF组(P<0.05);HF组的胰岛素样生长因子、神经肽的含量显著高于MF组和LF组(P<0.05);LF组的胆囊收缩素含量显著高于MF组和HF组(P<0.05)。结果表明:高采食量的奶牛不仅产奶量高,营养物质和能量代谢快,而且与采食调控和能量代谢相关的生化指标和激素含量要比低采食奶牛变化更显著,为研究采食量调控提供科学依据。
This experiment was designed to investigate the variation of milk performance and serum parameters of early-lactating dairy cows at different feed intake levels. Of the 40 early-lactating cows, 18 were allocated 1 of the 3 feed intake groups: the low feed intake(LF) group(mean feed intake=44.15 kg/d), the medium feed take(HF) group(mean feed intake=48.55 kg/d) and the high feed intake(HF) group(mean feed intake=53.67 kg/d), with 6 cows in each group. Milk yield was recorded and milk samples(approximately 50 mL) were collected every week. On 0 d, 30 d and 60 d, blood samples(approximately 10 mL) were collected via the tail vein. The trial lasted for 70 days. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with the LF group, the milk yield of the HF group and the MF group was increased by 4.79 kg(P<0.05) and 9.83 kg(P<0.05), respectively; the 4% FCM yield of the HF group and the MF group was increased by 5.94 kg(P<0.05) and 9.8 kg(P<0.05), respectively; and the content of urea nitrogen in the HF group was decreased by 10.21%(P<0.05). 2) The serum indexes showed the content of albumin and triglyceride were increased significantly at the feed intake level was raised(P<0.05). The contents of free fatty acids, total cholesterol and insulin in the MF group and the HF group were significantly higher than those in the LF group(P<0.05). The content of the insulin-like growth factor and neuropeptide were significantly higher in the HF group compared with the MF group and LF group(P<0.05). The content of cholecystokinin was significantly higher in the LF group than that in the MF group and the HF group(P<0.05). In conclusion: cows with a high level of feed intake had high milk yield and rapid metabolism of nutrients and energy. Moreover, the their biochemical indicators and hormones related to feed intake regulation and energy metabolism were altered more significantly than those of the dairy cows at a low level of feed intake, which provided scientific basis for feed intake regulation.
This experiment was designed to investigate the variation of milk performance and serum parameters of early-lactating dairy cows at different feed intake levels. Of the 40 early-lactating cows, 18 were allocated 1 of the 3 feed intake groups: the low feed intake(LF) group(mean feed intake=44.15 kg/d), the medium feed take(HF) group(mean feed intake=48.55 kg/d) and the high feed intake(HF) group(mean feed intake=53.67 kg/d), with 6 cows in each group. Milk yield was recorded and milk samples(approximately 50 mL) were collected every week. On 0 d, 30 d and 60 d, blood samples(approximately 10 mL) were collected via the tail vein. The trial lasted for 70 days. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with the LF group, the milk yield of the HF group and the MF group was increased by 4.79 kg(P<0.05) and 9.83 kg(P<0.05), respectively; the 4% FCM yield of the HF group and the MF group was increased by 5.94 kg(P<0.05) and 9.8 kg(P<0.05), respectively; and the content of urea nitrogen in the HF group was decreased by 10.21%(P<0.05). 2) The serum indexes showed the content of albumin and triglyceride were increased significantly at the feed intake level was raised(P<0.05). The contents of free fatty acids, total cholesterol and insulin in the MF group and the HF group were significantly higher than those in the LF group(P<0.05). The content of the insulin-like growth factor and neuropeptide were significantly higher in the HF group compared with the MF group and LF group(P<0.05). The content of cholecystokinin was significantly higher in the LF group than that in the MF group and the HF group(P<0.05). In conclusion: cows with a high level of feed intake had high milk yield and rapid metabolism of nutrients and energy. Moreover, the their biochemical indicators and hormones related to feed intake regulation and energy metabolism were altered more significantly than those of the dairy cows at a low level of feed intake, which provided scientific basis for feed intake regulation.
引文
[1] 田富洋,李晋阳,李法德,等.反刍动物采食量测定方法的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(9):62-64.
[2] Allen M S.Physical constraints on voluntary intake of forages by ruminants[J].J Anim Sci,1996,74(12):3063.
[3] Illius A W,Jessop N S.Metabolic constraints on voluntary intake in ruminants[J].J Anim Sci,1996,74(12):3052-3062.
[4] 胡春燕,李英文.神经肽 Y(NPY)的生理功能研究进展[J].生物学杂志,2011(2):66-68.
[5] 赵小琪,黄英,杨明华,等.脑肠肽与饮食诱导型肥胖关系的研究进展[J].中国医药科学,2018(11):41-44.
[6] Meijer R I,Gray S,Aylor K,et al.Pathways for insulin access to the brain:the role of the microvascular endothelial cell[J].Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2016,311(5):H1132.
[7] Chen X B,Mathieson J,Fdd H,et al.Measurement of purine derivatives in urine of ruminants using automated methods[J].Sci Food Agric,2010,53(1):23-33.
[8] Lapierre H,Bernier J F,Dubreuil P,et al.The effect of feed intake level on splanchnic metabolism in growing beef steers[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78(4):1084-1099.
[9] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[10] 杨炳壮,梁贤威,包付银,等.不同日粮能氮水平对波尔×隆林杂交羔羊血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(4):5-8.
[11] Rius A G,Kittelmann S,Macdonald K A,et al.Nitrogen meta-bolism and rumen microbial enumeration in lactating cows with divergent residual feed intake fed high-digestibility pasture[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95(9):5024-5034.
[12] Richardson E C,Herd R M,Archer J A,et al.Metabolic differenc-es in Angus steers divergently selected for residual feed intake[J].Aust J Exp Agric,2004,44(5):441-452.
[13] 隋雁南,马婷婷,陈志远,等.饲料中添加N-羟甲基蛋氨酸钙对泌乳期奶牛血清生化指标的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(3):94-101.
[14] Hocquette J F,Ortigues-Marty I,Pethick D,et al.Nutritional and hormonal regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles of meat-producing animals[J].Livest Prod Sci,1998,56(2):115-143.
[15] 赵宁宁,周立忠,高玉珍,等.血清甘油三酯与胆固醇、高密度和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的相关性分析[J].潍坊医学院学报,1994(3):220-221.
[16] Clutter A C,Jiang R,Mccann J P,et al.Plasma cholecystokinin-8 in pigs with divergent genetic potential for feed intake and growth[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1998,15(1):9-21.
[17] Robinson D L,Oddy V H.Genetic parameters for feed efficiency,fatness,muscle area and feeding behaviour of feedlot finished beef cattle[J].Livest Prod Sci,2004,90(2):255-270.
[18] Considine R V,Sinha M K,Heiman M L,et al.Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans[J].New Engl J Med,1996,334(5):292.
[19] Kelly A K,Mcgee M,Jr C D,et al.Effect of divergence in residual feed intake on feeding behavior,blood metabolic variables,and body composition traits in growing beef heifers[J].J Anim Sci,2010,88(1):109-23.
[20] Sainsbury A,Zhang L,Proietto J.Role of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in regulation of body weight during energy deficit[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2010,316(2):109-119.
[21] Fiore E,Arfuso F,Gianesella M,et al.Metabolic and hormonal adaptation in Bubalus bubalis around calving and early lactation[J].PLoS One,2018,13(4):e0193803.
[22] Richardson E C,Herd R M,Colditz I G,et al.Blood cell profiles of steer progeny from parents selected for and against residual feed intake[J].Aust J Exp Agric,2002,42(7):901-908.
[23] Mcguire M A,Beede D K,Collier R J,et al.Effects of acute thermal stress and amount of feed intake on concentrations of somatotropin,insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I and IGF-II,and thyroid hormones in plasma of lactating Holstein cows[J].J Anim Sci,1991,69(5):2050-2056.
[24] Moyes T E,Obese F Y,Stockdale C R,et al.Repeatability of concentration of plasma IGF-1 in two consecutive lactations in pasture-fed Holstein-Friesian cows[C]// 50 years of DNA:Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference,Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics.Australia,Melbourne,2003:7-11.
[2] Allen M S.Physical constraints on voluntary intake of forages by ruminants[J].J Anim Sci,1996,74(12):3063.
[3] Illius A W,Jessop N S.Metabolic constraints on voluntary intake in ruminants[J].J Anim Sci,1996,74(12):3052-3062.
[4] 胡春燕,李英文.神经肽 Y(NPY)的生理功能研究进展[J].生物学杂志,2011(2):66-68.
[5] 赵小琪,黄英,杨明华,等.脑肠肽与饮食诱导型肥胖关系的研究进展[J].中国医药科学,2018(11):41-44.
[6] Meijer R I,Gray S,Aylor K,et al.Pathways for insulin access to the brain:the role of the microvascular endothelial cell[J].Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2016,311(5):H1132.
[7] Chen X B,Mathieson J,Fdd H,et al.Measurement of purine derivatives in urine of ruminants using automated methods[J].Sci Food Agric,2010,53(1):23-33.
[8] Lapierre H,Bernier J F,Dubreuil P,et al.The effect of feed intake level on splanchnic metabolism in growing beef steers[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78(4):1084-1099.
[9] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[10] 杨炳壮,梁贤威,包付银,等.不同日粮能氮水平对波尔×隆林杂交羔羊血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(4):5-8.
[11] Rius A G,Kittelmann S,Macdonald K A,et al.Nitrogen meta-bolism and rumen microbial enumeration in lactating cows with divergent residual feed intake fed high-digestibility pasture[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95(9):5024-5034.
[12] Richardson E C,Herd R M,Archer J A,et al.Metabolic differenc-es in Angus steers divergently selected for residual feed intake[J].Aust J Exp Agric,2004,44(5):441-452.
[13] 隋雁南,马婷婷,陈志远,等.饲料中添加N-羟甲基蛋氨酸钙对泌乳期奶牛血清生化指标的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(3):94-101.
[14] Hocquette J F,Ortigues-Marty I,Pethick D,et al.Nutritional and hormonal regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles of meat-producing animals[J].Livest Prod Sci,1998,56(2):115-143.
[15] 赵宁宁,周立忠,高玉珍,等.血清甘油三酯与胆固醇、高密度和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的相关性分析[J].潍坊医学院学报,1994(3):220-221.
[16] Clutter A C,Jiang R,Mccann J P,et al.Plasma cholecystokinin-8 in pigs with divergent genetic potential for feed intake and growth[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1998,15(1):9-21.
[17] Robinson D L,Oddy V H.Genetic parameters for feed efficiency,fatness,muscle area and feeding behaviour of feedlot finished beef cattle[J].Livest Prod Sci,2004,90(2):255-270.
[18] Considine R V,Sinha M K,Heiman M L,et al.Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans[J].New Engl J Med,1996,334(5):292.
[19] Kelly A K,Mcgee M,Jr C D,et al.Effect of divergence in residual feed intake on feeding behavior,blood metabolic variables,and body composition traits in growing beef heifers[J].J Anim Sci,2010,88(1):109-23.
[20] Sainsbury A,Zhang L,Proietto J.Role of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in regulation of body weight during energy deficit[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2010,316(2):109-119.
[21] Fiore E,Arfuso F,Gianesella M,et al.Metabolic and hormonal adaptation in Bubalus bubalis around calving and early lactation[J].PLoS One,2018,13(4):e0193803.
[22] Richardson E C,Herd R M,Colditz I G,et al.Blood cell profiles of steer progeny from parents selected for and against residual feed intake[J].Aust J Exp Agric,2002,42(7):901-908.
[23] Mcguire M A,Beede D K,Collier R J,et al.Effects of acute thermal stress and amount of feed intake on concentrations of somatotropin,insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I and IGF-II,and thyroid hormones in plasma of lactating Holstein cows[J].J Anim Sci,1991,69(5):2050-2056.
[24] Moyes T E,Obese F Y,Stockdale C R,et al.Repeatability of concentration of plasma IGF-1 in two consecutive lactations in pasture-fed Holstein-Friesian cows[C]// 50 years of DNA:Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference,Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics.Australia,Melbourne,2003:7-11.