广西二孩父母对预防接种知识和服务需求的调查分析
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摘要
目的了解广西二孩父母对预防接种认知、态度和行为,以及对预防接种的需求,为提高免疫规划工作质量提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,在广西壮族自治区115个县区抽取3891名二孩父母使用统一设计的问卷进行调查。结果二孩父母中98.46%知道小孩需要接种疫苗,98.74%知道国家免疫规划疫苗是免费接种,94.50%知道接种疫苗可以预防乙型病毒性肝炎,94.60%知道孩子上学时需要查验预防接种证,99.51%认为孩子接种疫苗是必要的,90.44%会主动了解孩子预防接种完成情况,78.46%会主动按照预防接种证预约日期带儿童进行接种,97.02%在参与预防接种过程中最关注的是疫苗安全,75.10%希望在预防接种过程中减少排队时间。结论广西二孩父母对预防接种认知、态度和行为有较好的水平,但仍应根据不同儿童父母对预防接种知识的知晓情况,开展有针对性的预防接种宣传教育,提高健康教育工作效果;各地要提高预防接种服务质量,为群众提供满意的预防接种服务。
Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude,practice( KAP) of immunization and service needs among two-child parents in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to provide the basis for improving the quality of expanded program on immunization. Methods Based on random sampling method, 3891 two-child parents were selected and investigated by questionnaire from 115 counties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Results Among the two-child parents, 98. 46% of them knew that children need vaccination, 98. 74% knew that national immunization program vaccines were free, 94. 50% knew that hepatitis B could be prevented by vaccination, 94. 60% knew that immunization certificate inspections were needed when the children went to school, 99.51% thought that vaccination was necessary to children,90. 44% of them would take the initiative to know about the vaccinations progress of children, 78. 46% of them would take their children to vaccinate on the appointment date. 97. 02% of them were most concerned with vaccine safety, and 75. 10%hoped to reduce the queuing time during the vaccination process. Conclusion The two-child parents had better level of KAP on vaccination. It is essential to develop different communication strategy for parents with different immunization awareness rate level, and provide satisfactory vaccination services for people.
Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude,practice( KAP) of immunization and service needs among two-child parents in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to provide the basis for improving the quality of expanded program on immunization. Methods Based on random sampling method, 3891 two-child parents were selected and investigated by questionnaire from 115 counties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Results Among the two-child parents, 98. 46% of them knew that children need vaccination, 98. 74% knew that national immunization program vaccines were free, 94. 50% knew that hepatitis B could be prevented by vaccination, 94. 60% knew that immunization certificate inspections were needed when the children went to school, 99.51% thought that vaccination was necessary to children,90. 44% of them would take the initiative to know about the vaccinations progress of children, 78. 46% of them would take their children to vaccinate on the appointment date. 97. 02% of them were most concerned with vaccine safety, and 75. 10%hoped to reduce the queuing time during the vaccination process. Conclusion The two-child parents had better level of KAP on vaccination. It is essential to develop different communication strategy for parents with different immunization awareness rate level, and provide satisfactory vaccination services for people.
引文
[1]央视网新闻.卫计委:2016年新出生人口45%贡献率来自二孩家庭[EB/OL].(2017-02-07)[2018-01-03].http://news.cctv.com/2017/02/07/ARTIMLGyZDDiVimXONwerrNJ8170207.shtml.
[2]曾莉,朱宝,郑珂,等.成都市流动儿童家长预防接种知信行状况及其对接种率的影响[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(12):1273-1277.
[3]胡昱,徐旭卿,凌罗亚,等.流动儿童母亲预防接种知识及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(6):747-748.
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[6]贺锋.深圳市宝安区沙井街道流动儿童家长预防接种知识知哓率情况及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(10):1885-1898.
[7]陆瑾,牟文,周文瑜,等.非法经营疫苗系列案对上海黄浦区儿童家长的疫苗信任度和接种行为变化调查[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2016,22(6):693-696.
[8]余文周,吉赛赛,刘静,等.山东非法经营疫苗系列案件对儿童家长预防接种信任度影响的连续性监测分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2016,22(6):601-605.
[9]余艳香,黄明东,陆家海.佛山市学龄前儿童的预防接种现况及影响因素分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2015,29(12):59-60,64.
[10]Russo G,Miglietta A,Pezzotti P,et al.Vaccine coverage and determinants of incomplete vaccination in children aged 12-23 months in Dschang,West Region,Cameroon:a cross-sectional survey during a polio out-break[J].BMC Public Health,2015,15(1):3-14.
[2]曾莉,朱宝,郑珂,等.成都市流动儿童家长预防接种知信行状况及其对接种率的影响[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(12):1273-1277.
[3]胡昱,徐旭卿,凌罗亚,等.流动儿童母亲预防接种知识及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(6):747-748.
[4]阿里木·马木提,周玉清,孙小娜.和田地区儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况调查[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2013,19(1):62-64.
[5]曾臻,靳玉惠.合肥市0~6岁儿童家长预防接种知识、态度及行为调查[J].中国初级卫生保健,2014,28(8):82-84.
[6]贺锋.深圳市宝安区沙井街道流动儿童家长预防接种知识知哓率情况及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(10):1885-1898.
[7]陆瑾,牟文,周文瑜,等.非法经营疫苗系列案对上海黄浦区儿童家长的疫苗信任度和接种行为变化调查[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2016,22(6):693-696.
[8]余文周,吉赛赛,刘静,等.山东非法经营疫苗系列案件对儿童家长预防接种信任度影响的连续性监测分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2016,22(6):601-605.
[9]余艳香,黄明东,陆家海.佛山市学龄前儿童的预防接种现况及影响因素分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2015,29(12):59-60,64.
[10]Russo G,Miglietta A,Pezzotti P,et al.Vaccine coverage and determinants of incomplete vaccination in children aged 12-23 months in Dschang,West Region,Cameroon:a cross-sectional survey during a polio out-break[J].BMC Public Health,2015,15(1):3-14.