全球视域中的汉语功能
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摘要
根据语言学科之发展,梳理学界以往之研究,文章从交际功能、思维功能、文化功能和象征功能等方面重新定义了语言。之后援引李宇明、王春辉拟订的衡量语言功能强弱之[8+3]指标体系,比对当今世界前20强语言的功能状况,提出了增强汉语功能的7方面建议:(1)树立"大华语"理念,加强海外华人的语言认同,维护汉语母语人口的"底盘";(2)积极开展汉语国际教育,不断扩大汉语的二语人口;(3)巩固和提升汉语在国际组织中的地位,充分发挥汉语在国际语言生活中的作用;(4)加强汉语文献声望,以增强汉语声望;(5)重视虚拟空间的语言生活,努力使汉语成为国际上重要的网络语言;(6)重视翻译的文化价值和语言价值,加大"译入""译出"的双向翻译,使汉语成为人类知识交换重要的轴心语言;(7)努力增加汉语的经济力量与文化含量,保持汉语发展的充足后劲。
According to the disciplinary development of a language and with a review of the previous studies,this paper redefines language from the aspects of communicative function,thinking-related function,cultural function and symbolic function.Then,the[8+3]index system,which is developed by Li Yuming and Wang Chunhui(2017),is drawn up to measure the strong and weak functions of a language,and compares the functional status of the top 20 languages in the world today,and puts forward seven suggestions to enhance the functions of the Chinese language:(1)it is necessary to establish the concept of "Big Chinese",strengthen the language identification of overseas Chinese,and maintain the basic number of Chinese native speakers;(2)it is a must to actively carry out international Chinese education and expand the population using Chinese as their second language;(3)it is necessary to consolidate and enhance the status of Chinese in international organizations and give full play to the role of Chinese in the international community;(4)it is a necessity to strengthen the prestige of Chinese literature in order to enhance the prestige of the Chinese language;(5)attention should be paid to the language application in the virtual space to make Chinese an important network language in the world;(6)it is necessary to pay attention to the cultural value and linguistic value of translation,promote the two-way translation,and make Chinese a core language for the exchange of human knowledge;(7)more efforts should be made to increase the economic strength and cultural implications of Chinese,and to maintain sufficient potential for the development of the Chinese language.
According to the disciplinary development of a language and with a review of the previous studies,this paper redefines language from the aspects of communicative function,thinking-related function,cultural function and symbolic function.Then,the[8+3]index system,which is developed by Li Yuming and Wang Chunhui(2017),is drawn up to measure the strong and weak functions of a language,and compares the functional status of the top 20 languages in the world today,and puts forward seven suggestions to enhance the functions of the Chinese language:(1)it is necessary to establish the concept of "Big Chinese",strengthen the language identification of overseas Chinese,and maintain the basic number of Chinese native speakers;(2)it is a must to actively carry out international Chinese education and expand the population using Chinese as their second language;(3)it is necessary to consolidate and enhance the status of Chinese in international organizations and give full play to the role of Chinese in the international community;(4)it is a necessity to strengthen the prestige of Chinese literature in order to enhance the prestige of the Chinese language;(5)attention should be paid to the language application in the virtual space to make Chinese an important network language in the world;(6)it is necessary to pay attention to the cultural value and linguistic value of translation,promote the two-way translation,and make Chinese a core language for the exchange of human knowledge;(7)more efforts should be made to increase the economic strength and cultural implications of Chinese,and to maintain sufficient potential for the development of the Chinese language.
引文
(1)王春辉.当代世界的语言格局[J].语言战略研究,2016,(4).
(2)潘文国.语言的定义[J].华东师范大学学报,2001,(1).
(3)李宇明.语言学是一个学科群[J].语言战略研究,2018,(1).
(4)李宇明,王春辉.论语言的功能分类[J].当代语言学,待刊.
(1)王春辉.语言忠诚论[J].语言战略研究,2018,(3).
(1)此表根据Ethnologue(2017)第20版的数据制作而成。见:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_total_number of speakers.
(2)也许用“马来-印度尼西亚语”的表达更为合适。
(3)王春辉.汉语:从陆地型语言到陆地-海洋型语言[J].2018,未刊.
(4)孟德宏,姜书君.“汉语热”背后的“中国热”[N].人民日报海外版,2017-11-17(9).
(5)李宇明.海外汉语学习者低龄化的思考[J].世界汉语教学,2018,(3).
(1)文秋芳.中文在联合国系统中影响力的分析及其思考[J].语言文字应用,2015,(3).
(1)邰谧侠(邰谧侠.《老子》的全球化和新老学的成立[J].中国哲学史,2018,(2).)报告的译本数据是1548种。1555种译本,是中国社会科学院语言研究所王伟博士告知的来自邰谧侠博士的最新数据。
(2)Liu,Weishu.The changing role of non-English papers in scholarly communication:Evidence from Web of Science’s three journal citation indexes[J].Learned Publishing,2017,(30).
(1)参见:http://wwwi.nternetworldstats.com/stats7.htm。
(2)网民人数在使用该语言的人口中的比例。
(3)参见:https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all。
(1)Ammon,Ulrich.World Languages:TrendsandFuturesi.nN.Coupland(ed.).The Handbook of Language and Globalization[M].Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2010:101~122.
(2)参见:http://curiousstats.com/en/sec14.html。
(3)参见:http://forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?t=29191。
(4)李宇明,王春辉.论语言的功能分类[J].当代语言学,待刊.
(2)潘文国.语言的定义[J].华东师范大学学报,2001,(1).
(3)李宇明.语言学是一个学科群[J].语言战略研究,2018,(1).
(4)李宇明,王春辉.论语言的功能分类[J].当代语言学,待刊.
(1)王春辉.语言忠诚论[J].语言战略研究,2018,(3).
(1)此表根据Ethnologue(2017)第20版的数据制作而成。见:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_total_number of speakers.
(2)也许用“马来-印度尼西亚语”的表达更为合适。
(3)王春辉.汉语:从陆地型语言到陆地-海洋型语言[J].2018,未刊.
(4)孟德宏,姜书君.“汉语热”背后的“中国热”[N].人民日报海外版,2017-11-17(9).
(5)李宇明.海外汉语学习者低龄化的思考[J].世界汉语教学,2018,(3).
(1)文秋芳.中文在联合国系统中影响力的分析及其思考[J].语言文字应用,2015,(3).
(1)邰谧侠(邰谧侠.《老子》的全球化和新老学的成立[J].中国哲学史,2018,(2).)报告的译本数据是1548种。1555种译本,是中国社会科学院语言研究所王伟博士告知的来自邰谧侠博士的最新数据。
(2)Liu,Weishu.The changing role of non-English papers in scholarly communication:Evidence from Web of Science’s three journal citation indexes[J].Learned Publishing,2017,(30).
(1)参见:http://wwwi.nternetworldstats.com/stats7.htm。
(2)网民人数在使用该语言的人口中的比例。
(3)参见:https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all。
(1)Ammon,Ulrich.World Languages:TrendsandFuturesi.nN.Coupland(ed.).The Handbook of Language and Globalization[M].Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2010:101~122.
(2)参见:http://curiousstats.com/en/sec14.html。
(3)参见:http://forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?t=29191。
(4)李宇明,王春辉.论语言的功能分类[J].当代语言学,待刊.