云南箭竹不同年龄段假鞭的解剖学结构特征及木质化观察
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摘要
该研究以云南箭竹不同年龄段的假鞭为实验材料,采用滑动切片法并利用光学显微镜观察,分析云南箭竹假鞭的解剖结构特征及其随年龄的动态变化,为假鞭结构研究提供新的解剖学数据信息。结果显示:(1)云南箭竹假鞭节间的表皮层只有1层细胞,皮下层由3～4层细胞壁加厚的纤维细胞组成,皮层一般有20～25层不规则的薄壁细胞,成熟的皮层细胞会形成皮层气道,髓实心不具髓腔。(2)云南箭竹假鞭纤维壁厚随鞭龄增加而增加,且同一年龄假鞭的内侧韧皮部面积大于外侧;纤维腔径随鞭龄增加而逐渐减小,但同一年龄假鞭内侧纤维腔径大于外侧;韧皮部的面积、维管束和导管的直径均随着鞭龄的增加而增大。(3)假鞭维管束一般不具有原生导管,外部维管通常有2个较大的后生导管,在假鞭中部及内部通常只有1个后生导管,另1个后生导管不发育或发育不全。(4)在0.5年生到2年生的云南箭竹假鞭中,被染成紫红色的木质素在纤维细胞壁、薄壁细胞壁、导管细胞壁中都有分布,且随着假鞭年龄的增加染色逐渐加深,表明云南箭竹假鞭木质素含量随着鞭龄的增长而不断增加,木质化程度随鞭龄的增长逐渐提高。
Underground rhizomes of Fargesia yunnanensis from different ages were used as experimental materials in the study.They were observed under the light microscope byroutine section method,then their anatomical structure characteristics and dynamic changes in anatomical features with ages were analyzed,in order to provide new data information of anatomy for their structural study.The main results were as follows:(1)in an underground rhizome internode,there is only one layer of cells in the epidermis.The hypodermis is composed of 3-4 layers of fiber with thickened cell wall.The cortex generally has 20-25 layers of irregular parenchyma cells,which form air way cortexes when matured.The pith is solid without pith cavity.(2)The diameters of fiber cells wall increase as the increasing age of underground rhizo-mes,and inner phloem areas of underground rhizomes at the same age are larger than outer sides.The fiber lumens decrease with increasing age,while inner fiber lumens of underground rhizomes at the same age are larger than outer sides.The sizes of vascular bundles,phloem and vessels increase as the increasing age of underground rhizomes.(3)The protoxylem of vascular bundles generally has no vessel,and the metaxylem of outer vascular bundles generally has two larger vessels.However,in the middle and internal vascular bundles of the underground rhizome,there is usually only one vessel in the metaxylem,and the other metaxylem vessel is not developed or underdeveloped.(4)In the 0.5 to 2 year old underground rhizomes of F.yunnanensis,lignins dyed in purple are distributed in fiber cell wall,parenchyma cell wall and vessel cell wall,and the degree of staining increases with increasing age of underground rhizomes.This indicates that the content of lignin and the degree of lignification increase with increasing age of underground rhizomes.
Underground rhizomes of Fargesia yunnanensis from different ages were used as experimental materials in the study.They were observed under the light microscope byroutine section method,then their anatomical structure characteristics and dynamic changes in anatomical features with ages were analyzed,in order to provide new data information of anatomy for their structural study.The main results were as follows:(1)in an underground rhizome internode,there is only one layer of cells in the epidermis.The hypodermis is composed of 3-4 layers of fiber with thickened cell wall.The cortex generally has 20-25 layers of irregular parenchyma cells,which form air way cortexes when matured.The pith is solid without pith cavity.(2)The diameters of fiber cells wall increase as the increasing age of underground rhizo-mes,and inner phloem areas of underground rhizomes at the same age are larger than outer sides.The fiber lumens decrease with increasing age,while inner fiber lumens of underground rhizomes at the same age are larger than outer sides.The sizes of vascular bundles,phloem and vessels increase as the increasing age of underground rhizomes.(3)The protoxylem of vascular bundles generally has no vessel,and the metaxylem of outer vascular bundles generally has two larger vessels.However,in the middle and internal vascular bundles of the underground rhizome,there is usually only one vessel in the metaxylem,and the other metaxylem vessel is not developed or underdeveloped.(4)In the 0.5 to 2 year old underground rhizomes of F.yunnanensis,lignins dyed in purple are distributed in fiber cell wall,parenchyma cell wall and vessel cell wall,and the degree of staining increases with increasing age of underground rhizomes.This indicates that the content of lignin and the degree of lignification increase with increasing age of underground rhizomes.
引文
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[14]刘波,姜笑梅,殷亚方.毛竹发育过程中纤维细胞壁微区木质素的分布[C]//全国生物质材料科学与技术学术研讨会.2008:172-179.
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[16]BAUCHER M,MONTIES B,MONTAGU M V,et al.Biosynthesis and genetic engineering of lignin[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1998,17(2):125-197.
[17]胡文冉,范玲,谢丽霞,等.不同发育阶段棉纤维中木质素的沉积变化[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(3):467-472.
[18]江心,李乾.国产竹类维管束的初步观察[J].四川农业大学学报,1983,1(1):57-67.
[19]宋桂卿,王正平.国产节柱竹族地下茎的解剖及其在分类中的意义[J].云南植物研究,1994,16(4):373-378.SONG G Q,WANG Z P.Anatomy of the rhizomes of Chinese Arthrostylidiae(s.1)and its taxonomic significance[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1994,16(4):373-378.
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[21]甘小洪,丁雨龙.竹类结构植物学研究进展[J].竹子研究汇刊,2002,21(1):11-17.GAN X H,DING Y L.Advances in the anatomic structure of bamboo[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2002,21(1):11-17.
[2]赵景威,王雨珺,唐国建,等.云龙箭竹和空心箭竹竹笋营养成分[J].西部林业科学,2015,(3):159-163.ZHAO J W,WANG Y J,TANG G J,et al.Analysis on the nutrient component of 2 Fargesia species bamboo shoot[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2015,(3):159-163.
[3]王曙光,普晓兰,丁雨龙,等.云南箭竹不同地理种源竹笋营养成分之比较[J].竹子研究汇刊,2009,28(1):35-38.WANG S G,PU X L,DING Y L,et al.Comparison of bamboo shoot nutrients of Fargesia yunnanensis among different provenances[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2009,28(1):35-38.
[4]江泽慧.世界竹藤[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002:10-11.
[5]孙茂盛.竹类植物资源与利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:76-77.
[6]龚祝南,赵惠如.竹类地下茎解剖结构的研究[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),1988,11(4):78-85.GONG Z N,ZHAO H R.Anatomical studies on the bamboo rhizomes[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),1988,11(4):78-85.
[7]唐国建,杨金梅,王曙光,等.云龙箭竹纤维形态、化学成分及用作造纸原料可行性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):240-245.TANG G J,YANG J M,WANG S G,et al.Fiber morphologies,chemical components of Fargesia papyrifera and feasibility for paper making[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry U-niversity,2015,30(4):240-245.
[8]李培,王曙光,赵石华,等.不同地理种源云南箭竹维管束及导管形态特征研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2011,30(4):47-51.LI P,WANG S G,ZHAO S H,et al.Morphological characteristics of vascular bundles and vessels of Fargesia yunnanensis among different provenances[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2011,30(4):47-51.
[9]王曙光,普晓兰,丁雨龙,等.云南箭竹地上部分生物量模型研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):141-144.WANG S G,PU X L,DING Y L,et al.A study on the above ground biomass models of Fargesia yunnanensis[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2010,34(1):141-144.
[10]王雨珺,罗庆华,丁雨龙,等.空心箭竹地上部分生物量模型研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2014,33(1):25-30.WANG Y J,LUO Q H,DING Y L,et al.A study on the above ground biomass models of Fargesia edulis[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2014,33(1):25-30.
[11]VALLET C,CHABBERT B,CZANINSKI Y,et al.Histochemistry of lignin deposition during sclerenchyma differentiation in alfalfa stems[J].Annals of Botany,1996,78(5):625-632.
[12]甄博,郭相平,陆红飞.旱涝交替胁迫对水稻分蘖期根解剖结构的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):107-113.ZHEN B,GUO X P,LU H F.Effects of alternative stress of drought and waterlogging at tillering stage on rice root anatomical structure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(9):107-113.
[13]龚祝南,赵惠如.国产散生竹地下茎的比较解剖观察及分类学的初步研究[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),1990,13(3):62-69.GONG Z N,ZHAO H R.A comparative anatomical interstigation and systematic classification studies and rhizome of Chinese monopodial bamboos[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),1990,13(3):62-69.
[14]刘波,姜笑梅,殷亚方.毛竹发育过程中纤维细胞壁微区木质素的分布[C]//全国生物质材料科学与技术学术研讨会.2008:172-179.
[15]HIGUCHI T.Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Wood[M].Berlin:Springer,1997:154-181.
[16]BAUCHER M,MONTIES B,MONTAGU M V,et al.Biosynthesis and genetic engineering of lignin[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1998,17(2):125-197.
[17]胡文冉,范玲,谢丽霞,等.不同发育阶段棉纤维中木质素的沉积变化[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(3):467-472.
[18]江心,李乾.国产竹类维管束的初步观察[J].四川农业大学学报,1983,1(1):57-67.
[19]宋桂卿,王正平.国产节柱竹族地下茎的解剖及其在分类中的意义[J].云南植物研究,1994,16(4):373-378.SONG G Q,WANG Z P.Anatomy of the rhizomes of Chinese Arthrostylidiae(s.1)and its taxonomic significance[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1994,16(4):373-378.
[20]熊文愈,丁祖福.竹类植物地下茎稍部的居间分生组织和节间生长[J].竹类研究,1982,(1):22-32.
[21]甘小洪,丁雨龙.竹类结构植物学研究进展[J].竹子研究汇刊,2002,21(1):11-17.GAN X H,DING Y L.Advances in the anatomic structure of bamboo[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2002,21(1):11-17.