选区激光熔化技术制备金属材料研究进展
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摘要
选区激光熔化(SLM)技术是增材制造技术的一个重要分支。该方法基于离散/堆积原理,通过高能量的激光束熔化金属粉末的方式直接制备致密的三维块状材料。SLM技术在制备高精度的复杂结构零件、缩短生产周期和降低成本等方面展现出巨大优势,已被广泛用于各种合金材料的制备。综述了国内外采用SLM技术制备铝基、钛基、镍基及铁基材料的研究现状及其存在的问题,展望了SLM技术在未来金属材料制备领域的发展趋势。
Selective laser melting(SLM)is regarded as one of the most important additive manufacturing technologies.Based on the principle of discrete stacking,a high-energy laser beam was used to melt metal powder.Subsequently,the dense three-dimensional bulk materials were formed directly via SLM.SLM has unique advantages in some aspects,such as production of complex parts,short processing time,and low cost,which has been widely used in the preparation of various alloy-based materials.This paper reviews the research status and the existing problems in producing aluminum-,titanium-,nickel-,and iron-based materials via SLM at home and abroad.The possible future research directions of SLM in the preparation of metallic materials are also prospected.
Selective laser melting(SLM)is regarded as one of the most important additive manufacturing technologies.Based on the principle of discrete stacking,a high-energy laser beam was used to melt metal powder.Subsequently,the dense three-dimensional bulk materials were formed directly via SLM.SLM has unique advantages in some aspects,such as production of complex parts,short processing time,and low cost,which has been widely used in the preparation of various alloy-based materials.This paper reviews the research status and the existing problems in producing aluminum-,titanium-,nickel-,and iron-based materials via SLM at home and abroad.The possible future research directions of SLM in the preparation of metallic materials are also prospected.
引文
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[2] Mohamed O A, Masood S H,Bhowmik J L.Optimization of fused deposition modeling process parameters:a review of current research and future prospects[J].Advances in Manufacturing,2015,3(1):42-53.
[3] Shao Z K,Jiang Y L.Key technologies of SLA 3D printing[J]. Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Magazine,2015,32(2):180-184.邵中魁,姜耀林.光固化3D打印关键技术研究[J].机电工程,2015,32(2):180-184.
[4] Zhou R Y,Shuai M B,Jiang C.Research progress in additive manufacturing technology of ceramic material[J].Materials Review,2016,30(1):67-72.周汝垚,帅茂兵,蒋驰.陶瓷材料增材制造技术研究进展[J].材料导报,2016,30(1):67-72.
[5] Yin H,Bai P K,Liu B,et al.Present situation and developmenttrendofselectivelasermelting technology for metal powder[J]. Hot Working Technology,2010,39(1):140-144.尹华,白培康,刘斌,等.金属粉末选区激光熔化技术的研究现状及其发展趋势[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(1):140-144.
[6] Wei Q S,Wang L,Zhang S,et al.Study on the effects of powder properties on the performance of stainless steel parts produced by selective laser melting[J].Electromachining&Mould,2011(4):52-56.魏青松,王黎,张升,等.粉末特性对选择性激光熔化成形不锈钢零件性能的影响研究[J].电加工与模具,2011(4):52-56.
[7] Wang L,Wei Q S,He W T,et al.Influence of powder characteristic and process parameters on SLM formability[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(6):20-23.王黎,魏青松,贺文婷,等.粉末特性与工艺参数对SLM成形的影响[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(6):20-23.
[8] Yap C Y,Chua C K,Dong Z L,et al.Review of selective laser melting:Materials and applications[J]. Applied Physics Reviews, 2015, 2(4):0411101.
[9] Calignano F.Design optimization of supports for overhanging structures in aluminum and titanium alloys by selective laser melting[J].Materials&Design,2014,64:203-213.
[10] Kanagarajah P,Brenne F,Niendorf T,et al.Inconel939processed by selective laser melting:Effect of microstructure and temperature on the mechanical properties under static and cyclic loading[J].Materials Science&Engineering A:Structural Materials Properties Microstructure&Processing,2013,588(5):188-195.
[11] Yadroitsev I,Smurov I.Selective laser melting technology:From the single laser melted track stability to 3Dparts of complex shape[J].Physics Procedia,2010,5:551-560.
[12] Hu Z H,Zhu H H,Zhang H,et al.Experimental investigation on selective laser melting of 17-4PH stainless steel[J]. Optics&Laser Technology,2017,87:17-25.
[13] Wei K W, Wang Z M,Zeng X Y.Influence of element vaporization on formability,composition,microstructure,and mechanical performance of the selective laser melted Mg-Zn-Zr components[J].Materials Letters,2015,156:187-190.
[14] Dai D H,Gu D D.Tailoring surface quality through mass and momentum transfer modeling using a volume of fluid method in selective laser melting of TiC/AlSi10Mg powder[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2015,88:95-107.
[15] Gu D, Meiners W, Wissenbach K,et al.Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components:materials, processesandmechanisms[J].International Materials Reviews,2012,57(3):133-164.
[16] Dai D H, Gu D D. Thermal behavior and densification mechanism during selective laser melting of coppermatrix composites:simulation and experiments[J].Materials&Design,2014,55:482-491.
[17] Lavernia E J,Srivatsan T S.The rapid solidification processingofmaterials:science, principles,technology,advances,and applications[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45(2):287-325.
[18] Bartkowiak K, Ullrich S,Frick T,et al.New developments of laser processing aluminium alloys via additive manufacturing technique[J]. Physics Procedia,2011,12:393-401.
[19] Martin J H,Yahata B D,Hundley J M,et al.3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys[J].Nature,2017,549(7672):365-369.
[20] Zhu H H,Liao H L.Research status of selective laser melting of high strength aluminum alloy[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2018,55(1):011402.朱海红,廖海龙.高强铝合金的激光选区熔化成形研究现状[J].激光与光电子学进展,2018,55(1):011402.
[21] Aboulkhair N T,Tuck C,Ashcroft I,et al.On the precipitation hardening of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg[J]. MetallurgicalandMaterials Transactions A,2015,46(8):3337-3341.
[22] Sing S L,Yeong W Y,Wiria F E.Selective laser melting of titanium alloy with 50wt%tantalum:Microstructure and mechanical properties[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,660:461-470.
[23] Krakhmalev P, Yadroitsev I. Microstructure and propertiesofintermetalliccompositecoatings fabricated by selective laser melting of Ti-SiC powder mixtures[J].Intermetallics,2014,46:147-155.
[24] Facchini L,Magalini E,Robotti P,et al.Ductility of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by selective laser melting of prealloyed powders[J].Rapid Prototyping Journal,2010,16(6):450-459.
[25] Xiao Z N,Liu T T,Liao W H,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy formed by selective laser melting after heat treament[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(9):0902001.肖振楠,刘婷婷,廖文和,等.激光选区熔化成形TC4钛合金热处理后微观组织和力学性能[J].中国激光,2017,44(9):0902001.
[26] Pan A Q,Zhang H, Wang Z M. Molten pool microstructure of Ni-based single crystal superalloys fabricated by selective laser melting[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(7):071402.潘爱琼,张辉,王泽敏.选区激光熔化镍基单晶高温合金的熔池显微组织[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(7):071402.
[27] Sufiiarov V S,Popovich A A,Borisov E V,et al.Selective laser melting of heat-resistant Ni-based alloy[J].Non-Ferrous Metals,2015,2015(1):32-35.
[28] Wang Y M, Voisin T, McKeown J T,et al.Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility[J]. Nature Materials,2017,17(1):63-71.
[29] Demir A G,Previtali B.Multi-material selective laser meltingofFe/Al-12Sicomponents[J].Manufacturing Letters,2017,11:8-11.
[30] Sun Z J,Tan X P,Tor S B,et al.Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting[J].NPG Asia Materials,2018,10(4):127-136.
[31] Sansoni G,Docchio F.Three-dimensional optical measurements and reverse engineering for automotive applications[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2004,20(5):359-367.
[32] Ghany K A,Moustafa S F.Comparison between the products of four RPM systems for metals[J].Rapid Prototyping Journal,2006,12(2):86-94.
[33] Raja V,Zhang S J,Garside J,et al.Rapid and costeffective manufacturing of high-integrity aerospace components[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2006,27(7/8):759-773.
[34] Prashanth K G,Scudino S,Klauss H J,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si produced by selective laser melting:Effect of heat treatment[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2014,590:153-160.
[35] Zou Y T, Wei Z Y,Du J,et al. Effect and optimization of processing parameters on relative density of AlSi10Mg alloy parts by selective laser melting[J].Applied Laser,2016,36(6):656-662.邹亚桐,魏正英,杜军,等.AlSi10Mg激光选区熔化成形工艺参数对致密度的影响与优化[J].应用激光,2016,36(6):656-662.
[36] Brandl E,Heckenberger U,Holzinger V,et al.Additive manufactured AlSi10Mg samples using selective laser melting(SLM):microstructure,high cycle fatigue,and fracture behavior[J].Materials&Design,2012,34:159-169.
[37] Zhang W Q,Zhu H H,Hu Z H,et al.Study on the selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2017,53(8):918-926.张文奇,朱海红,胡志恒,等.AlSi10Mg的激光选区熔化成形研究[J].金属学报,2017,53(8):918-926.
[38] Deng X H,Yang Z J.Current situation and prospect of titanium alloy additive manufacturing technology[J].Development and Application of Materials,2014,29(5):113-120.邓贤辉,杨治军.钛合金增材制造技术研究现状及展望[J].材料开发与应用,2014,29(5):113-120.
[39] Gu D D, Hagedorn Y C, Meiners W,et al.Densification behavior,microstructure evolution,and wear performance of selective laser melting processed commercially pure titanium[J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(9):3849-3860.
[40] Xu W,Lui E W,Pateras A,et al.In situ tailoring microstructure in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V for superior mechanical performance[J]. Acta Materialia,2017,125:390-400.
[41] Vilaro T,Colin C,Bartout J D.As-fabricated and heat-treated microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by selective laser melting[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2011,42(10):3190-3199.
[42] Ali H,Ma L,Ghadbeigi H,et al.In-situ residual stress reduction, martensitic decomposition and mechanical properties enhancement through high temperature powder bed pre-heating of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2017,695:211-220.
[43] Zuo W,Zhang Q M,Lei Y,et al. Mechanical properties of selective laser melted and shaped K4202nickel-based superalloy at room temperature[J].Journal of Rocket Propulsion,2017,43(3):53-58.左蔚,张权明,雷玥,等.K4202镍基高温合金激光选区熔化成形室温拉伸性能研究[J].火箭推进,2017,43(3):53-58.
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