现代汉语“V+开”与“V+下”表容纳义的对比分析
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摘要
现代汉语中的"V+开"和"V+下"都可表容纳义,但二者的关注点不同,语义也不完全一致。容纳事件可分为空间容纳、时间容纳和数量容纳,但"V+开"和"V+下"只能表达空间容纳和时间容纳。"V+开"表空间容纳时关注平面对物体数量的容纳,并强调物体的平展排列;还关注平面或容器对展开物体的容纳。"V+下"表空间容纳时也关注平面对物体数量的容纳,但强调物体的紧密排列;同时还关注容器对物体数量或体积的容纳。"V+开"表时间容纳时侧重对某时间段可安排的活动数量的描述",V+下"则侧重对某时间段内可安排的人员数量的描述。理清这些共性与差异性有助于对"V+开"与"V+下"的替换情况做出较为合理的解释。
In modern Chinese,both"V+Kai"and"V+Xia"can express accommodative meaning,but they focus on different semantic features. Accommodation events can be divided into space accommodation,time accommodation and quantity accommodation,but"V+Kai"and"V+Xia"can only express space accommodation and time accommodation. Regarding to space accommodation,"V+Kai"focuses on the capacity of the number of objects a flat surface can hold,and emphasizes the spread arrangement; it also focuses on the capacity of the stretching size of object a flat or container can accommodate. While "V+Xia"also focuses on the capacity of the number of objects a flat surface can hold,but emphasizes the tight arrangement;it also focuses on the capacity of the number of objects or the volume of object that a container can accommodate. Regarding to time accommodation,"V+Kai"focuses on describing the number of events that can be scheduled for a given period of time,while"V+Xia"focuses on describing the number of people that can be scheduled for a given period of time. These commons and differences are conducive to analyze and explain the substitute usages for"V+Kai"and"V+Xia".
In modern Chinese,both"V+Kai"and"V+Xia"can express accommodative meaning,but they focus on different semantic features. Accommodation events can be divided into space accommodation,time accommodation and quantity accommodation,but"V+Kai"and"V+Xia"can only express space accommodation and time accommodation. Regarding to space accommodation,"V+Kai"focuses on the capacity of the number of objects a flat surface can hold,and emphasizes the spread arrangement; it also focuses on the capacity of the stretching size of object a flat or container can accommodate. While "V+Xia"also focuses on the capacity of the number of objects a flat surface can hold,but emphasizes the tight arrangement;it also focuses on the capacity of the number of objects or the volume of object that a container can accommodate. Regarding to time accommodation,"V+Kai"focuses on describing the number of events that can be scheduled for a given period of time,while"V+Xia"focuses on describing the number of people that can be scheduled for a given period of time. These commons and differences are conducive to analyze and explain the substitute usages for"V+Kai"and"V+Xia".
引文
[1]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词:增订本[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999:329.
[2]刘月华.趋向补语通释[M].北京:北京语言大学出版社,1998:152.
[3]陆俭明.再论构式语块分析法[J].语言研究,2011(2):1-7.
[4]George Lakoff,Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980:59.
[5]顾龙飞,唐厚广.现代汉语“V+开”结构语义扩展路径新探———基于“开”本义的意象图式[J].语文研究,2018(2):32-37.
[6]邱广君.谈“V下+宾语”中宾语的类、动词的类和“下”的意义[J].语文研究,1997(4):16-26.
[7]李思旭,于辉荣.从共时语法化看“V上”与“V下”不对称的实质[J].语言教学与研究,2012(2):64-72.
[2]刘月华.趋向补语通释[M].北京:北京语言大学出版社,1998:152.
[3]陆俭明.再论构式语块分析法[J].语言研究,2011(2):1-7.
[4]George Lakoff,Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980:59.
[5]顾龙飞,唐厚广.现代汉语“V+开”结构语义扩展路径新探———基于“开”本义的意象图式[J].语文研究,2018(2):32-37.
[6]邱广君.谈“V下+宾语”中宾语的类、动词的类和“下”的意义[J].语文研究,1997(4):16-26.
[7]李思旭,于辉荣.从共时语法化看“V上”与“V下”不对称的实质[J].语言教学与研究,2012(2):64-72.