高焓加热实验壁面催化效应分析
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摘要
高焓地面加热实验中存在显著的壁面催化复合现象。热防护材料催化性能较低时,如果进行状态标定时不考虑壁面催化效应,将导致地面加热考核实验欠考核。基于平板加热实验,通过结构传热分析与地面实验数据对比,发展了高焓加热实验壁面催化效应分析方法。该方法可以评估加热实验状态典型热防护材料催化效应,从而为地面实验方案改进和完善提供技术支撑。通过分析发现,对于某热防护材料,催化效应使得真实受热仅为标定热流的85%左右,在采用铜制塞式热流传感器进行热流标定时,需要考虑催化效应加严考核条件,才能保证有效考核。
There exists evident surface recombination of atoms in the high enthalpy aeroheating test.When the catalysis of TPM(Thermal Protection Material)is low,the calibration of aero-heating should consider surface recombination;otherwise it would cause under-estimation of TPM.Based on the flat aero-heating test,the analysis method of surface recombination effects in the arc-jet flow was developed by comparison of the structure heat transfer simulation and test data.This method can evaluate surface recombination effects on special TPM in arc-jet tests,and give support on modification and improvement of test projects.The analysis results show that,for a kind of TPM,the surface recombination effect makes the real aero-heating to be only about 85 percent of the calibrated heat flux.Therefore,the surface recombination effect should be considered when the copper sensor is used to calibrate the aero-heating,and the flow condition should be enhanced to ensure effective assessment.
There exists evident surface recombination of atoms in the high enthalpy aeroheating test.When the catalysis of TPM(Thermal Protection Material)is low,the calibration of aero-heating should consider surface recombination;otherwise it would cause under-estimation of TPM.Based on the flat aero-heating test,the analysis method of surface recombination effects in the arc-jet flow was developed by comparison of the structure heat transfer simulation and test data.This method can evaluate surface recombination effects on special TPM in arc-jet tests,and give support on modification and improvement of test projects.The analysis results show that,for a kind of TPM,the surface recombination effect makes the real aero-heating to be only about 85 percent of the calibrated heat flux.Therefore,the surface recombination effect should be considered when the copper sensor is used to calibrate the aero-heating,and the flow condition should be enhanced to ensure effective assessment.
引文
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[2]Goulard R J.On catalytic recombination rates in hypersonic stagnation on heat transfer[J].Jet Propulsion,1958,28(11):737-745.
[3]Inger G R.Correlation of surface temperature effect on nonequilibrium heat transfer[J].ARS Jour,1962,32:1743-1744.
[4]Scott C D.Wall catalytic recombination and boundary conditions in non-equilibrium hypersonic flow-with applications[M]//Bertin J J,Periaux J,Ballman J.Advances in Hypersonics.Berlin:Springer,1992.
[5]Stewart D A,Rakich J V,Lanfranco M J.Catalytic surface experiment on the space shuttle[R].AIAA-81-1143,1981.
[6]Kurotaki T.Construction of catalytic model on SiO2-based surface and application to real trajectory[R].AIAA-2000-2366,2000.
[7]Kurotaki T,Ito T,Matsuzaki T.CFD evaluation of catalytic model on SiO2-based TPS in arc-heated wind tunnel[R].AIAA-2003-155,2003.
[8]Park C.Measurement of ionic recombination rate of nitrogen[J].AIAA Journal,1968,6(11):2090-2094.
[9]Halpern B,Rosner D E.Chemical energyaccommodation at catalyst surfaces[J].J Chem Soc Faraday Trans I,1978,74(8):1883-1912.
[10]St9ckle T,Winter M,Auweter-Kurtz M.Simultaneous spectroscopic and mass spectrometric investigation of surface catalytic effects in high enthalpy gas flows[R].AIAA-1998-2845,1998.
[11]高冰,杭建,林贞彬,等.高温真实气体效应中催化效应对气动热影响的实验探索[J].流体力学实验与测量,2004,18(2):55-58.Gao B,Hang J,Lin Z B,et al.The experiment exploration of catalyst effects onaerodynamic heat in real gas effects[J].Experiments and Measurements in Fluid Mechanics,2004,18(2):55-58.
[12]聂春生,李宇,黄建栋,等.高超声速非平衡气动加热试验及数值分析研究[J].中国科学:技术科学,2018,48:845-852.Nie C S,Li Y,Huang J D,et al.Test of aero heating in hypersonic non-equilibrium flow and numrical simulation study[J].Sci Sin Tech,2018,48:845-852.
[13]袁军娅,蔡国飙,杨红亮,等.高焓非平衡气动热环境的试验模拟及影响[J].实验流体力学,2012,26(6):35-39.Yuan J Y,Cai G B,Yang H L,et al.Test simulation of heat environment in high enthalpy non-equilibrium flow and effects[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(6):35-39.
[14]Liou M S.A further development of the AUSM+scheme towards robust and accurate solutions for all speeds[R].AIAA-2003-4116,2003.
[15]Gnoffo P A,Gupta R N,Shinn J L.Conservation equations and physical models for hypersonic air flows in thermal and chemical non-equilibrium[R].NASA TP-2867,1989.
[16]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.