典型轴流对转风机噪声测量与实验研究
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摘要
为了研究轴流对转风机的主要噪声源和进出口噪声传播规律,开展了典型轴流对转风机在自由场中的噪声测量实验。实验选用BSWA MPA401型号1/4英寸自由场传声器,分别采用半圆形传声器阵列和非均匀分布的线性传声器阵列对某轴流对转风机噪声特性进行了实验测量,研究了该风机远场噪声频谱特性、噪声指向性特性和进出口噪声源分布特性。结果表明:单音噪声的峰值频率集中在第一级转子的基频及其2倍谐频和两级转子对转的基频上;进口方向噪声声压级显著大于出口方向。第二级转子和下游支板对第一级转子基频噪声阻挡作用明显,一定程度上降低了出口噪声源的声压级。
In order to study the main noise source and the noise propagation law of the axial flow counter-rotating fan inlet and outlet, a noise measurement experiment based on a typical axial flow counter-rotating fan in the free field was carried out.The BSWA MPA401 model 1/4-inch free-field microphone was used in the experiment, and the noise characteristics of an axial flow counter-rotating fan were experimentally measured using a semi-circular microphone array and a non-uniformly distributed linear microphone array, and the far-field noise spectrum characteristics, the noise directivity characteristics and the noise source distribution characteristics of the fan inlet and outlet were analyzed. The results show that the peak frequency of the tonal noise is concentrated on the fundamental frequency caused by the first-stage rotor and its 2 times harmonic frequency and the fundamental frequency generated by the two stage rotors countering; the sound pressure level of the noise in the inlet direction is significantly larger than that in the outlet direction. The second-stage rotor and the downstream support plate have obvious blocking effect on the fundamental frequency noise caused by the first-stage rotor, and the sound pressure level of the outlet noise source is reduced to some extent.
In order to study the main noise source and the noise propagation law of the axial flow counter-rotating fan inlet and outlet, a noise measurement experiment based on a typical axial flow counter-rotating fan in the free field was carried out.The BSWA MPA401 model 1/4-inch free-field microphone was used in the experiment, and the noise characteristics of an axial flow counter-rotating fan were experimentally measured using a semi-circular microphone array and a non-uniformly distributed linear microphone array, and the far-field noise spectrum characteristics, the noise directivity characteristics and the noise source distribution characteristics of the fan inlet and outlet were analyzed. The results show that the peak frequency of the tonal noise is concentrated on the fundamental frequency caused by the first-stage rotor and its 2 times harmonic frequency and the fundamental frequency generated by the two stage rotors countering; the sound pressure level of the noise in the inlet direction is significantly larger than that in the outlet direction. The second-stage rotor and the downstream support plate have obvious blocking effect on the fundamental frequency noise caused by the first-stage rotor, and the sound pressure level of the outlet noise source is reduced to some extent.
引文
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[23] Ulf Michel, History of Acoustic Beamforming[C]. Berlin Beamforming Conference, 21-22 Nov 2006.
[24] L Enghart, U.T., Turbine Blade/Vane Interaction Noise:Acoustic Mode Analysis Using In-duct Sensor Rakes[C]. 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2001:28-30 May 2001 Maastricht,Netherlands.
[2]毛义军,祁大同,赵忖,等.风机噪声预测及控制方法的研究进展[J].风机技术,2014,56(3):67-74.
[3] Sharland, I. J. Sources of noise in axial flow fans[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1964, 1(3):302-322.
[4]颜建田,张海涛.叶片尾缘开孔对离心叶轮噪声的影响[J].风机技术,2017,59(S1):21-24+48.
[5]刘柏林.轴流通风机噪声预测与降噪研究[D].西南交通大学,2003(8):35-36.
[6]李林凌,黄其柏.风机叶片噪声模型研究[J].机械工程学报,2004, 40(2):114-118.
[7]孙迎浩,赵旭,高深,等.轴流风机气动性能与气动噪声的模拟和实验研究[J].风机技术,2015,57(5):17-20,82.
[8]吴晨晖.大型船用轴流风机气动噪声特性及降噪机理研究[D].江苏科技大学, 2016:47-51.
[9]李志彬,王晓宇,孙晓峰,等.单级低速轴流压气机噪声特性实验研究[J].推进技术, 2018, 39(6):1275-1282.
[10]庞磊,宋瑞祥.对旋轴流通风机噪声源的识别与分析[J].风机技术,2009(2):6-8.
[11]曹雷,李意民,雷蕾.矿用对旋轴流风机气动噪声分析[J].风机技术,2011(4):13-16.
[12]何元新,罗松,李俊,等.矿用对旋风机噪声识别技术研究[J].风机技术,2017,59(03):61-64,13.
[13]乔渭阳.航空发动机气动声学[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2010:232-265.
[14] Pickett, G. F., Sofrin, T. G., and Wells, R. A., Method of Fan Sound Mode Structure Determination. Final Report[R]. NASA CR-135293, Aug. 1977.
[15] C.J.Moore. Measurement of Radial and Circumferential Modes in Annular and Circular Fan Ducts[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 62(2), 1979:235-256.
[16] Pieter Sijtsma, and J-rgen Zillmann. In-Duct and Far-Field Mode Detection Techniques[C].AIAA, 2007:3439.
[17]强冠杰.民用航空发动机对转风扇气动-声学技术研究[D].西北工业大学, 2017:31-43.
[18]马大猷.噪声与振动控制手册[M].机械工业出版社,2002:395-468.
[19] G. Zlavog, W. Eversman. Source Effects on Attenuation in Lined Ducts. Part I:A Statistically Based Computational Approach[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2007, 307(1):113-138.
[20] G. Zlavog, W. Eversman. Source Effects on Attenuation in Lined Ducts. Part II:statistical properties[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2007, 307(1):139-151.
[21] Johnson, D.H. and Dudgeon, D.E. Array Signal ProcessingConcepts and Techniques[C]. Prentice-Hall, NJ, 1993:111-198.
[22] William M. Humphreys, Jr. Thomas F. Brooks. Design and Use of Microphone Directional Arrays for Aeroacoustic Measurements[C].AIAA, 1998:471.
[23] Ulf Michel, History of Acoustic Beamforming[C]. Berlin Beamforming Conference, 21-22 Nov 2006.
[24] L Enghart, U.T., Turbine Blade/Vane Interaction Noise:Acoustic Mode Analysis Using In-duct Sensor Rakes[C]. 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2001:28-30 May 2001 Maastricht,Netherlands.