高盐和温度对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)受精卵孵化及幼体发育的影响
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摘要
实验以凡纳滨对虾受精卵和各期幼体为试验材料,探讨了高盐和温度对受精卵孵化和幼体发育的影响,以及各期幼体对高盐的耐受性。结果表明,高盐胁迫和温度显著影响受精卵的孵化率、初孵时间和集中孵化时间(P<0.05)。随盐度和温度升高,平均孵化率呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,盐度30和温度32°C时孵化率最高。盐度由33升至36时孵化率由74.67%下降到50.79%,盐度39时孵化率仅为3.42%,盐度42无幼体孵出。受精卵最早可在7.5h左右完成幼体破膜孵化。同一温度下,初孵时间随盐度的升高而延长。盐度27—33和温度30—33°C时,受精卵集中于胚胎发育后的7.5—11.5h完成孵化,时间最短;溞状幼体对高盐胁迫的耐受性随变态发育逐渐提高,表现为Z3>Z2>Z1;糠虾各期幼体及仔虾P1—P3间耐盐性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。此外,幼体的发育指数也随盐度升高而下降,盐度越高,幼体发育越慢。结果说明,高盐和低温会抑制凡纳滨对虾受精卵孵化和幼体变态,受精卵孵化的盐度上限在39—42之间。
Based on the fertilized eggs and larvaes of Litopenaeus vannamei, the effects of high salinity and temperature on hatching of fertilized eggs and larval development were discussed, the tolerance of larvae to salinity stress and the effect of high salinity stress on the metamorphosis of larvae were studied. High salinity stress and temperature had significant effects on hatchability, first hatching time of larvae and concentrated hatching time of larvae(P<0.05). As the increase of salinity and temperature, the average hatchability performed increasing first, then decreasing, the hatchability can reach the maximum at salinity 30 and 32°C. The hatching rate dropped from 74.67% to 50.79% when the salinity rose from 33 to 36; the hatching rate was only 3.42% at salinity 39, no nauplius was hatched at salinity 42. The fertilized egg can finish hatching at 7.5 hours of embryo development; the initial hatching time of larvae would be prolonged by the increase of salinity at the same temperature. Under the range of salinity 27—33 and 30—33°C, the fertilized egg concentrated on the incubation process of the naupli by 7.5—11.5 h after the embryonic development, it took the shortest time to fulfil brooding. The tolerance of the larvae to high salt stress was gradually improved with development by metamorphosis. There was no significant difference in salt tolerance between mysis stage larvas and P1—P3 stage post larvae(P>0.05). In addition, the larval stage index also decreased with the increase of salinity, the higher the salinity, the slower the development of larvae. The results showed that high salinity and low temperature could inhibit hatching and metamorphosis of L. vannamei, and the upper limit of the salinity of the fertilized egg hatches was between 39 and 42.
Based on the fertilized eggs and larvaes of Litopenaeus vannamei, the effects of high salinity and temperature on hatching of fertilized eggs and larval development were discussed, the tolerance of larvae to salinity stress and the effect of high salinity stress on the metamorphosis of larvae were studied. High salinity stress and temperature had significant effects on hatchability, first hatching time of larvae and concentrated hatching time of larvae(P<0.05). As the increase of salinity and temperature, the average hatchability performed increasing first, then decreasing, the hatchability can reach the maximum at salinity 30 and 32°C. The hatching rate dropped from 74.67% to 50.79% when the salinity rose from 33 to 36; the hatching rate was only 3.42% at salinity 39, no nauplius was hatched at salinity 42. The fertilized egg can finish hatching at 7.5 hours of embryo development; the initial hatching time of larvae would be prolonged by the increase of salinity at the same temperature. Under the range of salinity 27—33 and 30—33°C, the fertilized egg concentrated on the incubation process of the naupli by 7.5—11.5 h after the embryonic development, it took the shortest time to fulfil brooding. The tolerance of the larvae to high salt stress was gradually improved with development by metamorphosis. There was no significant difference in salt tolerance between mysis stage larvas and P1—P3 stage post larvae(P>0.05). In addition, the larval stage index also decreased with the increase of salinity, the higher the salinity, the slower the development of larvae. The results showed that high salinity and low temperature could inhibit hatching and metamorphosis of L. vannamei, and the upper limit of the salinity of the fertilized egg hatches was between 39 and 42.
引文
王涛,李琪,2017.不同盐度和温度对熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)稚贝生长与存活的影响.海洋与湖沼,48(2):297-302
王兴强,马甡,董双林,2004.凡纳滨对虾生物学及养殖生态学研究进展.海洋湖沼通报,(4):94-100
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付萍,吕建建,刘萍等,2017.盐度胁迫对三疣梭子蟹肌肉和血淋巴中游离氨基酸含量的影响.水产学报,41(3):374-381
冯广朋,庄平,章龙珍等,2009.长江口纹缟虾虎鱼胚胎发育及早期仔鱼生长与盐度的关系.水生生物学报,33(2):170-176
孙丽华,陈浩如,王肇鼎,2006.盐度对军曹鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的影响.生态科学,25(1):48-51,55
邢克智,刘茂春,王金华,1997.温度、盐度对青虾幼体生长发育的影响.南开大学学报(自然科学版),30(3):88-93,105
何凌仙子,贾志清,刘涛等,2018.植物适应逆境胁迫研究进展.世界林业研究,31(2):13-18
张彬,韦嫔媛,熊建华等,2014.凡纳滨对虾胚胎发育进程及诱导染色体加倍时间确定.南方农业学报,45(4):664-670
张伟权,1990.世界重要养殖品种--南美白对虾生物学简介.海洋科学,14(3):69-73
李旭光,周刚,谷孝鸿,2014.水生甲壳类蜕皮发生过程及其影响因素的研究与进展.动物学杂志,49(2):294-302
杨世平,王成桂,黄海立等,2014.环境温度和盐度对墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)胚胎发育的影.海洋与湖沼,45(4):817-822
沈和定,陈贤龙,陈汉春等,2005.水温对石磺胚胎发育的影响.水产学报,29(6):776-782
陈林,周文玉,潘桂平,2012.盐度对棘头梅童鱼胚胎发育和仔鱼存活的影响.海洋渔业,34(4):388-392
林先智,区又君,李加儿等,2015.盐度胁迫对遮目鱼幼鱼存活、生长及性状相关性的影响.中国水产科学,22(4):675-686
洪磊,张秀梅,2004.环境胁迫对鱼类生理机能的影响.海洋科学进展,22(1):114-121
梁俊平,李健,李吉涛等,2013.不同温度对脊尾白虾胚胎发育与幼体变态存活的影响.生态学报,33(4):1142-1152
梁毅峰,刘亚军,栾春钢等,2007.我国北方地区繁育凡纳滨对虾试验.水产科学,26(7):414-415
黄东科,梁华芳,张志等,2017.温度对波纹龙虾存活、摄食、蜕壳和生长的影响.生态学报,37(18):5973-5980
薛素燕,赵法箴,方建光等,2012.温度和盐度对中华原钩虾幼体孵化、存活及生长的影响.水生生物学报,36(7):1094-1101
Baylon J,Suzuki H,2007.Effects of changes in salinity and temperature on survival and development of larvae and juveniles of the crucifix crab Charybdis feriatus(Crustacea:Decapoda:Portunidae).Aquaculture,269(1-4):390-401
Bouaricha N,Thuet P,Charmantier G et al,1991.Na+-K+ATPase and carbonic anhydrase activities in larvae,postlarvae and adults of the shrimp Penaeus japonicus(Decapoda,Penaeidea).Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,100(2):433-437
Burel C,Ruyet J P L,Gaumet F et al,1996.Effects of temperature on growth and metabolism in juvenile turbot.Journal of Fish Biology,49(4):678-692
Fielder D S,Bardsley W J,Allan G L et al,2005.The effects of salinity and temperature on growth and survival of Australian snapper,Pagrus auratus larvae.Aquaculture,250(1-2):201-214
Helvik J V,Walther B T,1992.Photo-regulation of the hatching process of halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)eggs.Journal of Experimental Zoology,263(2):204-209
Ituarte R B,Spivak E D,Camiolo M et al,2010.Effects of salinity on the reproductive cycle of female freshwater shrimp,Palaemonetes argentinus.Journal of Crustacean Biology,30(2):186-193
Li E C,Wang S L,Li C et al,2014.Transcriptome sequencing revealed the genes and pathways involved in salinity stress of Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis.Physiological Genomics,46(5):177-190
Luczynski M,Kirklewska A,1984.Dependence of Coregonus albula embryogenesis rate on the incubation temperature.Aquaculture,42(1):43-55
Romano N,Zeng C S,2006.The effects of salinity on the survival,growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs,Portunus pelagicus.Aquaculture,260(1-4):151-162
Ruscoe I M,Shelley C C,Williams G R,2004.The combined effects of temperature and salinity on growth and survival of juvenile mud crabs(Scylla serrata Forsk?l).Aquaculture,238(1-4):239-247
Young P S,Cech J J Jr,1993.Improved Growth,Swimming Performance,and Muscular Development in ExerciseConditioned Young-of-the-Year Striped Bass(Morone saxatilis).Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,50(4):703-707
王兴强,马甡,董双林,2004.凡纳滨对虾生物学及养殖生态学研究进展.海洋湖沼通报,(4):94-100
王桂忠,林淑君,林琼武等,1998.盐度对锯缘青蟹幼体存活与生长发育的影响.水产学报,22(1):89-92
付萍,吕建建,刘萍等,2017.盐度胁迫对三疣梭子蟹肌肉和血淋巴中游离氨基酸含量的影响.水产学报,41(3):374-381
冯广朋,庄平,章龙珍等,2009.长江口纹缟虾虎鱼胚胎发育及早期仔鱼生长与盐度的关系.水生生物学报,33(2):170-176
孙丽华,陈浩如,王肇鼎,2006.盐度对军曹鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的影响.生态科学,25(1):48-51,55
邢克智,刘茂春,王金华,1997.温度、盐度对青虾幼体生长发育的影响.南开大学学报(自然科学版),30(3):88-93,105
何凌仙子,贾志清,刘涛等,2018.植物适应逆境胁迫研究进展.世界林业研究,31(2):13-18
张彬,韦嫔媛,熊建华等,2014.凡纳滨对虾胚胎发育进程及诱导染色体加倍时间确定.南方农业学报,45(4):664-670
张伟权,1990.世界重要养殖品种--南美白对虾生物学简介.海洋科学,14(3):69-73
李旭光,周刚,谷孝鸿,2014.水生甲壳类蜕皮发生过程及其影响因素的研究与进展.动物学杂志,49(2):294-302
杨世平,王成桂,黄海立等,2014.环境温度和盐度对墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)胚胎发育的影.海洋与湖沼,45(4):817-822
沈和定,陈贤龙,陈汉春等,2005.水温对石磺胚胎发育的影响.水产学报,29(6):776-782
陈林,周文玉,潘桂平,2012.盐度对棘头梅童鱼胚胎发育和仔鱼存活的影响.海洋渔业,34(4):388-392
林先智,区又君,李加儿等,2015.盐度胁迫对遮目鱼幼鱼存活、生长及性状相关性的影响.中国水产科学,22(4):675-686
洪磊,张秀梅,2004.环境胁迫对鱼类生理机能的影响.海洋科学进展,22(1):114-121
梁俊平,李健,李吉涛等,2013.不同温度对脊尾白虾胚胎发育与幼体变态存活的影响.生态学报,33(4):1142-1152
梁毅峰,刘亚军,栾春钢等,2007.我国北方地区繁育凡纳滨对虾试验.水产科学,26(7):414-415
黄东科,梁华芳,张志等,2017.温度对波纹龙虾存活、摄食、蜕壳和生长的影响.生态学报,37(18):5973-5980
薛素燕,赵法箴,方建光等,2012.温度和盐度对中华原钩虾幼体孵化、存活及生长的影响.水生生物学报,36(7):1094-1101
Baylon J,Suzuki H,2007.Effects of changes in salinity and temperature on survival and development of larvae and juveniles of the crucifix crab Charybdis feriatus(Crustacea:Decapoda:Portunidae).Aquaculture,269(1-4):390-401
Bouaricha N,Thuet P,Charmantier G et al,1991.Na+-K+ATPase and carbonic anhydrase activities in larvae,postlarvae and adults of the shrimp Penaeus japonicus(Decapoda,Penaeidea).Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,100(2):433-437
Burel C,Ruyet J P L,Gaumet F et al,1996.Effects of temperature on growth and metabolism in juvenile turbot.Journal of Fish Biology,49(4):678-692
Fielder D S,Bardsley W J,Allan G L et al,2005.The effects of salinity and temperature on growth and survival of Australian snapper,Pagrus auratus larvae.Aquaculture,250(1-2):201-214
Helvik J V,Walther B T,1992.Photo-regulation of the hatching process of halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)eggs.Journal of Experimental Zoology,263(2):204-209
Ituarte R B,Spivak E D,Camiolo M et al,2010.Effects of salinity on the reproductive cycle of female freshwater shrimp,Palaemonetes argentinus.Journal of Crustacean Biology,30(2):186-193
Li E C,Wang S L,Li C et al,2014.Transcriptome sequencing revealed the genes and pathways involved in salinity stress of Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis.Physiological Genomics,46(5):177-190
Luczynski M,Kirklewska A,1984.Dependence of Coregonus albula embryogenesis rate on the incubation temperature.Aquaculture,42(1):43-55
Romano N,Zeng C S,2006.The effects of salinity on the survival,growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs,Portunus pelagicus.Aquaculture,260(1-4):151-162
Ruscoe I M,Shelley C C,Williams G R,2004.The combined effects of temperature and salinity on growth and survival of juvenile mud crabs(Scylla serrata Forsk?l).Aquaculture,238(1-4):239-247
Young P S,Cech J J Jr,1993.Improved Growth,Swimming Performance,and Muscular Development in ExerciseConditioned Young-of-the-Year Striped Bass(Morone saxatilis).Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,50(4):703-707