《德丹·基马蒂的审判》的后殖民戏剧策略研究
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摘要
在《德丹·基马蒂的审判》中,肯尼亚著名戏剧家恩古吉·瓦·提安哥运用模拟、混杂以及他者书写等戏剧策略还原了审判茅茅运动领袖这一历史事件,并重新构建了茅茅运动领袖德丹·基马蒂的形象。在此基础上,提安哥叙述了以吉库尤族为代表的黑人种族困境,解构了殖民话语,凸显了文化差异,表达了以戏剧为载体来唤醒非洲民众对本土文化归属的自信和认同的决心。
Applying strategies of postcolonial drama such as mimicry, hybridity,and otherization in his play Trial of Dedan Kimathi, the renowned Kenyan playwright Ngugi Wa Thiong'o restores the historical event of Mau Mau Revolt and reconstructs the image of its leader Dedan Kimathi. The playwright thereby not only addresses the racial predicament and black resistance as represented by Kikuyu, but also engages traditional Kenyan elements in this play, elements which in turn deconstruct colonialist discourse and highlights cultural differences. In this way Ngugi expresses his determination to arouse African peoples' self-confidence with drama and encourage their identification with indigenous culture.
Applying strategies of postcolonial drama such as mimicry, hybridity,and otherization in his play Trial of Dedan Kimathi, the renowned Kenyan playwright Ngugi Wa Thiong'o restores the historical event of Mau Mau Revolt and reconstructs the image of its leader Dedan Kimathi. The playwright thereby not only addresses the racial predicament and black resistance as represented by Kikuyu, but also engages traditional Kenyan elements in this play, elements which in turn deconstruct colonialist discourse and highlights cultural differences. In this way Ngugi expresses his determination to arouse African peoples' self-confidence with drama and encourage their identification with indigenous culture.
引文
An, Shengfeng. A Study of Homi K. Bhabha’s Postcolonial Theories. Beijing: Peking UP, 2011.[安生锋:《 霍米·巴巴的后殖民理论研究》,北京:北京大学出版社,2011年。]
Arthur, Julie, et al. Dedan Kimathi on Trial: Colonial Justice and Popular Memory in Kenya’s Mau Mau Rebellion. Ohio: Ohio UP, 2017.
Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.
Cook, David, and Michael Okenimkpe. Ng?g? wa Thiong’o: An Exploration of His Writings. Oxford: James Currey, 1997.
Fashina, Nelson“. Alienation and Revolutionary Vision in East African Postcolonial Dramatic.” Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies 35.2 (2009): 1–30.
He, Fangchuan, and Ning Sao. A General History of Africa: Ancient Volume. Shanghai: East China Normal UP, 1995.[何芳川、宁骚:《 非洲通史·古代卷》,上海:华东师范大学出版社,1995年。]
Lee, Seok-Ho.“ Ng?g? wa Thiong’o’s Postcolonial Orality: Towards a New Poetics of Drama.” International Area Studies Review 2.2 (1999): 153–74.
Lewis, Amanda Elizabeth.“ A Kenyan Revolution: Mau Mau, Land, Women, and Nation.” Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2007): 2–85.
Ma, Ying.“ The Image of African Traditional God in The Bluest Eyes.” Journey of Shenyang University 1 (2004): 59–60, 63.[马英:《 〈最蓝的眼睛〉中的非洲传统意义的上帝》,《沈阳大学学报》2004年第1期,第59–60、63页。]
Ng?g?, Wa Thiong’o, and Micere Mugo. The Trial of Dedan Kimathi. London: Heinemann, 1976.
Wang, Ning. Post-colonialism. Hong Kong: Chinese Literature Press, 1998.[王宁:《 后现代主义之后》,香港:中国文学出版社,1998 年。]
Zhan, Meijuan.“ A Study of the Hybrid Construction of Aboriginality in Carpentaria.” Journal of Anhui University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 4 (2015): 79–85.[詹春娟:《 论〈卡彭塔尼亚湾〉中土著性的混杂构建》,《安徽大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2015年第 4期,第79–85 页。]
Zhang, Feng.“ The Voice of Subaltern: Postcolonial Discourses in Wide Sargasso Sea.” Contemporary Foreign Literature 1 (2009): 125–32.[张峰:《 “属下”的声音:〈 藻海无边〉中的后殖民抵抗话语》,《当代外国文学》2009 年第1期,第 125–32页。]
Arthur, Julie, et al. Dedan Kimathi on Trial: Colonial Justice and Popular Memory in Kenya’s Mau Mau Rebellion. Ohio: Ohio UP, 2017.
Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.
Cook, David, and Michael Okenimkpe. Ng?g? wa Thiong’o: An Exploration of His Writings. Oxford: James Currey, 1997.
Fashina, Nelson“. Alienation and Revolutionary Vision in East African Postcolonial Dramatic.” Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies 35.2 (2009): 1–30.
He, Fangchuan, and Ning Sao. A General History of Africa: Ancient Volume. Shanghai: East China Normal UP, 1995.[何芳川、宁骚:《 非洲通史·古代卷》,上海:华东师范大学出版社,1995年。]
Lee, Seok-Ho.“ Ng?g? wa Thiong’o’s Postcolonial Orality: Towards a New Poetics of Drama.” International Area Studies Review 2.2 (1999): 153–74.
Lewis, Amanda Elizabeth.“ A Kenyan Revolution: Mau Mau, Land, Women, and Nation.” Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2007): 2–85.
Ma, Ying.“ The Image of African Traditional God in The Bluest Eyes.” Journey of Shenyang University 1 (2004): 59–60, 63.[马英:《 〈最蓝的眼睛〉中的非洲传统意义的上帝》,《沈阳大学学报》2004年第1期,第59–60、63页。]
Ng?g?, Wa Thiong’o, and Micere Mugo. The Trial of Dedan Kimathi. London: Heinemann, 1976.
Wang, Ning. Post-colonialism. Hong Kong: Chinese Literature Press, 1998.[王宁:《 后现代主义之后》,香港:中国文学出版社,1998 年。]
Zhan, Meijuan.“ A Study of the Hybrid Construction of Aboriginality in Carpentaria.” Journal of Anhui University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 4 (2015): 79–85.[詹春娟:《 论〈卡彭塔尼亚湾〉中土著性的混杂构建》,《安徽大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2015年第 4期,第79–85 页。]
Zhang, Feng.“ The Voice of Subaltern: Postcolonial Discourses in Wide Sargasso Sea.” Contemporary Foreign Literature 1 (2009): 125–32.[张峰:《 “属下”的声音:〈 藻海无边〉中的后殖民抵抗话语》,《当代外国文学》2009 年第1期,第 125–32页。]