含氮润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能
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摘要
设计合成并表征了4种不同结构的新型环境友好润滑油添加剂(N1、N2、N3、N4);考察了4种添加剂的热稳定性、抗腐蚀性和油溶性;研究了4种添加剂在液体石蜡(LP)中的摩擦学性能;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)观察和分析了钢球磨斑的表面形貌和元素组成,初步探讨了其摩擦作用机理.结果表明:4种添加剂均具有优良的热稳定性、抗腐蚀性和油溶性; N2的摩擦学性能最好,添加1. 0%N2的LP的最大无卡咬负荷(PB)值比LP提高了74%、烧结负荷(PD)值是LP的两倍,1. 0%N2+LP体系中钢球磨斑直径(WSD)比LP中的钢球磨斑直径缩小了54%、摩擦系数比LP减小了28%; 4种添加剂的加入均能明显减小WSD、减少表面磨痕数量;添加剂在摩擦过程中参与了摩擦化学反应,有效地提高了LP的极压、抗磨和减摩性能.
Four environment friendly lubricant additives,namely N1,N2,N3 and N4,have been designed,synthesized and characterized. The thermal stability,oil solubility and corrosion resistance of these additives have been systematically studied. Tribological behaviors of the lubricant additives in liquid paraffin( LP) were investigated. The surfaces morphology and elementary composition of the worn scar was recorded and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy( EDS). The reaction mechanism was initially discussed. It was found that the synthesized additives showed high thermal stability,excellent oil solubility and strong corrosion resistance. Among the four additives,N2 exhibited the best tribological property. For example,the maximum non-seizure load( PB) value of LP with 1. 0 wt% N2 was 74% higher than that of LP,the sintered load( PD) value was twice as large as that of LP. The wear scar diameter( WSD) of 1. 0% N2 + LP system was54% lower than that of LP,and the friction coefficient was 28% lower than that of LP. The addition of four additives significantly reduced WSD and surface abrasions of LP. The additive participated in tribo-chemical reaction in the friction process, which effectively improved the extreme pressure, anti-wear and anti-friction performance of LP.
Four environment friendly lubricant additives,namely N1,N2,N3 and N4,have been designed,synthesized and characterized. The thermal stability,oil solubility and corrosion resistance of these additives have been systematically studied. Tribological behaviors of the lubricant additives in liquid paraffin( LP) were investigated. The surfaces morphology and elementary composition of the worn scar was recorded and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy( EDS). The reaction mechanism was initially discussed. It was found that the synthesized additives showed high thermal stability,excellent oil solubility and strong corrosion resistance. Among the four additives,N2 exhibited the best tribological property. For example,the maximum non-seizure load( PB) value of LP with 1. 0 wt% N2 was 74% higher than that of LP,the sintered load( PD) value was twice as large as that of LP. The wear scar diameter( WSD) of 1. 0% N2 + LP system was54% lower than that of LP,and the friction coefficient was 28% lower than that of LP. The addition of four additives significantly reduced WSD and surface abrasions of LP. The additive participated in tribo-chemical reaction in the friction process, which effectively improved the extreme pressure, anti-wear and anti-friction performance of LP.
引文
[1]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[2]刘艳丽.苯并三唑及黄原酸衍生物的合成、表征和摩擦学性能研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2007.
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[9]谢恩情,赵昕楠,张云海,等.润滑油极压抗磨添加剂应用研究进展及方向[J].煤炭与化工,2013,36(5):25-27.XIE En-qing,ZHAO Xi-nan,ZHANG Yun-hai,et al. Lubricant extreme pressure anti-wear additives applied research progress and direction[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry,2013,36(5):25-27.
[10]李咏梅,顾国维,赵建夫.焦化废水中几种含氮杂环化合物缺氧降解机理[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(6):720-723.LI Yong-mei,GU Guo-wei,ZHAO Jian-fu. Study on anoxic biodegradation mechanism of several nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in coal coking wastewater[J]. Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition),2001,29(6):720-723.
[11]曹月平,余来贵.磷酸三甲酚酯和亚磷酸二正丁酯添加剂对菜籽油摩擦学性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2000,20(2):119-122.CAO Yue-ping,YU Lai-gui. The effect of tribenyl phosphate and dibutyl phosphite as additives on the tribological behaviors of rapeseed oil[J]. Tribology,2000,20(2):119-122.
[12]刘艳丽,刘朝生,吴小杰,等.可生物降解润滑油添加剂的合成与摩擦学性能研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2011,42(7):54-57.LIU Yan-li,LIU Chao-sheng,WU Xiao-jie,et al. Synthesis and tribological behavior study of biodegradative lubricant additives[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2011,42(7):54-57.
[13]孙玉彬,胡丽天,薛群基.环境友好润滑油的发展及其摩擦学研究现状[J].摩擦学学报,2008,28(4):381-387.SUN Yu-bin,HU Li-tian,XU Qun-ji. Development and research progress of environmental friendly lubricating oil additives[J]. Tribology,2008,28(4):381-387.
[14]黄文轩.环境兼容润滑剂的综述[J].润滑油,1997,12(4):1-8.HUANG Wen-xuan. Summary of environmental compatible lubricants[J]. Lubricating Oil,1997,12(4):1-8.
[15]黄伟九.可促进润滑油生物降解的新型润滑添加剂研究[J].润滑与密封,2009,34(11):5-8.HUANG Wei-jiu. Research on the novel lubrication additive promoting biodegradation of lubrication oil[J].Lubrication Engineering,2009,34(11):5-8.
[16] TANG Z,LI S. A review of recent developments of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants(2007-present)[J].Current Opinion in Solid State&Materials Science,2014,18(3):119-139.
[17] CHONG W W F,NG J H. An atomic-scale approach for biodiesel boundary lubricity characterisation[J]. International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,113:34-43.
[18]马佩兰.新型含氮共轭杂环类润滑剂极压抗磨剂的设计、合成及测试研究[D].西安:西北大学,2011.
[19]王先会.工业润滑油生产与应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2011.
[20] ZENG X,LI J,WU X,et al. The tribological behaviors of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamate-triazine derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil[J]. Tribology International,2007,40(3):560-566.
[21] WEI D,SONG H. The wear behaviour of steel lubricated by some oxygen-containing derivatives of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds(HNCC)under boundary lubrication conditions[J]. Lubrication Science,1992,4(3):219-232.
[22] SHAH F U,GLAVATSKIH S,ANTAUTKIN O N. Novel alkylborate-dithiocarbamate lubricant additives:synthesis and tribophysical characterization[J]. Tribology Letters,2012,45(1):67-78.
[23] LI Z P,ZHANG Y W,REN T H,et al. The tribological performance of a long chain alkyl phenylboric ammonium derivative and its interaction with ZDDP[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers(Part J):Journal of Engineering Tribology,2016,230(4):367-375.
[24]朱苗,王鉴,唐海燕,等.含N、S羟基衍生物的合成及其摩擦学性能[J].石油学报(石油加工),2016,32(4):800-807.ZHU Miao,WANG Jian,TANG Hai-yan,et al. Synthesis and tribological properties of the hydroxyl derivatives containing N and S[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2016,32(4):800-807.
[25]欧阳平,张贤明,陈国需.含氮杂环润滑添加剂的合成及性能研究[J].化学研究与应用,2013,25(2):174-178.OUYANG Ping,ZHANG Xian-ming,CHEN Guo-xu.Preparation and properties of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic lubricating additive[J]. Chemical Research&Application,2013,25(2):174-178.
[26]王清华.含氮杂环化合物衍生物润滑油多功能添加剂的合成、表征及性能研究[D].重庆:解放军后勤工程学院,2001.
[27]杨广彬,田雨,张金峰,等.含氮杂环硼酸酯添加剂的合成及其摩擦学性能[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(4):384-389.YANG Guang-bin,TIAN Yu,ZHANG Jin-feng,et al.Preparation and tribological properties of N-containing heterocyclic borates as lubricant additives[J]. Tribology,2012,32(4):384-389.
[28]黄伊辉,李芬芳,尤建伟,等.含羟基二硫代氨基甲酸衍生物在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能[J].石油炼制与化工,2010,41(3):60-64.HUANG Yi-hui,LI Fen-fang,YOU Jian-wei,et al. The tribological properties of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamate derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2010,41(3):60-64.
[29] LI Z,Li X,ZHANG Y,et al. Tribological study of a highly hydrolytically stable phenylboronic acid ester containing benzothiazolyl in mineral oil[J]. Applied Surface Science,2014,308(308):91-99.
[30]欧阳平,陈国需,张贤明.无硫磷喹唑啉酮胺多效润滑油添加剂的性能[J].石油学报(石油加工),2013,29(3):447-452.OUYANG Ping,CHEN Guo-xu,ZHANG Xian-ming. Performance of zero-sulphur/phosphorus quinazolinone amine as multifunctional lubricating oil additive[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2013,29(3):447-452.
[31] JIA Z,XIA Y,PANG X,et al. Tribological behaviors of different diamond-like carbon coatings on nitrided mild ateel lubricated with benzotriazole-containing borate esters[J]. Tribology Letters,2011,41(1):247-256.
[2]刘艳丽.苯并三唑及黄原酸衍生物的合成、表征和摩擦学性能研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2007.
[3]欧阳平,陈严华.硼化含氮杂环润滑材料的研究进展[J].材料科学与工程学报,2014,32(1):135-141.OUYANG Ping,CHEN Yan-hua. Research and development of boron-and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic lubricating materials[J]. Journal of Materials Science&Engineering,2014,32(1):135-141.
[4]刘维民,许俊,冯大鹏,等.合成润滑油的研究现状及发展趋势[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(1):91-104.LIU Wei-min,XU Jun,FENG Da-peng,et al. The research status and prospect of synthetic lubricating oils[J]. Tribology,2013,33(1):91-104.
[5]赵彩松,张雅文,李建昌,等.新型含噻二唑有机硼酸酯在锂基脂中的极压抗磨性能及作用机理研究[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34(3):325-332.ZHAO Cai-song,ZHANG Ya-wen,LI Jian-chang,et al.Tribological properties and action mechanism of thiadiazole organic borate esters as additives in lithium-based grease[J]. Tribology,2014,34(3):325-332.
[6] SPIKES H. Low-and zero-sulphated ash,phosphorus and sulphur anti-wear additives for engine oils[J]. Lubrication Science,2008,20(2):103-136.
[7] YAN J,ZENG X,HEIDE E V D,et al. The tribological performance and tribochemical analysis of novel borate esters as lubricant additives in rapeseed oil☆[J]. Tribology International,2014,71(1):149-157.
[8]陈波水,黄伟九,孙霞,等.脂肪酰基氨基酸在矿物润滑油中的摩擦磨损特性[J].材料科学与工程学报,2011,29(3):371-374.CHEN Bo-shui,HUANG Wei-jiu,SUN Xia,et al. Friction and wear characteristics of fatty acyl amino acids in mineral lubricating oil[J]. Journal of Materials Science&Engineering,2011,29(3):371-374.
[9]谢恩情,赵昕楠,张云海,等.润滑油极压抗磨添加剂应用研究进展及方向[J].煤炭与化工,2013,36(5):25-27.XIE En-qing,ZHAO Xi-nan,ZHANG Yun-hai,et al. Lubricant extreme pressure anti-wear additives applied research progress and direction[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry,2013,36(5):25-27.
[10]李咏梅,顾国维,赵建夫.焦化废水中几种含氮杂环化合物缺氧降解机理[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(6):720-723.LI Yong-mei,GU Guo-wei,ZHAO Jian-fu. Study on anoxic biodegradation mechanism of several nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in coal coking wastewater[J]. Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition),2001,29(6):720-723.
[11]曹月平,余来贵.磷酸三甲酚酯和亚磷酸二正丁酯添加剂对菜籽油摩擦学性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2000,20(2):119-122.CAO Yue-ping,YU Lai-gui. The effect of tribenyl phosphate and dibutyl phosphite as additives on the tribological behaviors of rapeseed oil[J]. Tribology,2000,20(2):119-122.
[12]刘艳丽,刘朝生,吴小杰,等.可生物降解润滑油添加剂的合成与摩擦学性能研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2011,42(7):54-57.LIU Yan-li,LIU Chao-sheng,WU Xiao-jie,et al. Synthesis and tribological behavior study of biodegradative lubricant additives[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2011,42(7):54-57.
[13]孙玉彬,胡丽天,薛群基.环境友好润滑油的发展及其摩擦学研究现状[J].摩擦学学报,2008,28(4):381-387.SUN Yu-bin,HU Li-tian,XU Qun-ji. Development and research progress of environmental friendly lubricating oil additives[J]. Tribology,2008,28(4):381-387.
[14]黄文轩.环境兼容润滑剂的综述[J].润滑油,1997,12(4):1-8.HUANG Wen-xuan. Summary of environmental compatible lubricants[J]. Lubricating Oil,1997,12(4):1-8.
[15]黄伟九.可促进润滑油生物降解的新型润滑添加剂研究[J].润滑与密封,2009,34(11):5-8.HUANG Wei-jiu. Research on the novel lubrication additive promoting biodegradation of lubrication oil[J].Lubrication Engineering,2009,34(11):5-8.
[16] TANG Z,LI S. A review of recent developments of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants(2007-present)[J].Current Opinion in Solid State&Materials Science,2014,18(3):119-139.
[17] CHONG W W F,NG J H. An atomic-scale approach for biodiesel boundary lubricity characterisation[J]. International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,113:34-43.
[18]马佩兰.新型含氮共轭杂环类润滑剂极压抗磨剂的设计、合成及测试研究[D].西安:西北大学,2011.
[19]王先会.工业润滑油生产与应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2011.
[20] ZENG X,LI J,WU X,et al. The tribological behaviors of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamate-triazine derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil[J]. Tribology International,2007,40(3):560-566.
[21] WEI D,SONG H. The wear behaviour of steel lubricated by some oxygen-containing derivatives of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds(HNCC)under boundary lubrication conditions[J]. Lubrication Science,1992,4(3):219-232.
[22] SHAH F U,GLAVATSKIH S,ANTAUTKIN O N. Novel alkylborate-dithiocarbamate lubricant additives:synthesis and tribophysical characterization[J]. Tribology Letters,2012,45(1):67-78.
[23] LI Z P,ZHANG Y W,REN T H,et al. The tribological performance of a long chain alkyl phenylboric ammonium derivative and its interaction with ZDDP[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers(Part J):Journal of Engineering Tribology,2016,230(4):367-375.
[24]朱苗,王鉴,唐海燕,等.含N、S羟基衍生物的合成及其摩擦学性能[J].石油学报(石油加工),2016,32(4):800-807.ZHU Miao,WANG Jian,TANG Hai-yan,et al. Synthesis and tribological properties of the hydroxyl derivatives containing N and S[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2016,32(4):800-807.
[25]欧阳平,张贤明,陈国需.含氮杂环润滑添加剂的合成及性能研究[J].化学研究与应用,2013,25(2):174-178.OUYANG Ping,ZHANG Xian-ming,CHEN Guo-xu.Preparation and properties of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic lubricating additive[J]. Chemical Research&Application,2013,25(2):174-178.
[26]王清华.含氮杂环化合物衍生物润滑油多功能添加剂的合成、表征及性能研究[D].重庆:解放军后勤工程学院,2001.
[27]杨广彬,田雨,张金峰,等.含氮杂环硼酸酯添加剂的合成及其摩擦学性能[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(4):384-389.YANG Guang-bin,TIAN Yu,ZHANG Jin-feng,et al.Preparation and tribological properties of N-containing heterocyclic borates as lubricant additives[J]. Tribology,2012,32(4):384-389.
[28]黄伊辉,李芬芳,尤建伟,等.含羟基二硫代氨基甲酸衍生物在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能[J].石油炼制与化工,2010,41(3):60-64.HUANG Yi-hui,LI Fen-fang,YOU Jian-wei,et al. The tribological properties of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamate derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2010,41(3):60-64.
[29] LI Z,Li X,ZHANG Y,et al. Tribological study of a highly hydrolytically stable phenylboronic acid ester containing benzothiazolyl in mineral oil[J]. Applied Surface Science,2014,308(308):91-99.
[30]欧阳平,陈国需,张贤明.无硫磷喹唑啉酮胺多效润滑油添加剂的性能[J].石油学报(石油加工),2013,29(3):447-452.OUYANG Ping,CHEN Guo-xu,ZHANG Xian-ming. Performance of zero-sulphur/phosphorus quinazolinone amine as multifunctional lubricating oil additive[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2013,29(3):447-452.
[31] JIA Z,XIA Y,PANG X,et al. Tribological behaviors of different diamond-like carbon coatings on nitrided mild ateel lubricated with benzotriazole-containing borate esters[J]. Tribology Letters,2011,41(1):247-256.