超临界水氧化处理工业废水的技术问题及解决思路
|
摘要
超临界水氧化(SCWO)在过去的30年中作为取代焚烧处理高浓度工业有机废水的技术开发取得了巨大的进展。SCWO作为新型废物处理技术存在一些缺陷,如反应器腐蚀与盐堵塞阻碍了其工业进程中的应用。详细描述了超临界水氧化技术存在的几类相关问题,其中,重点对该技术工业化的应用难点进行了阐释并提出了相应的解决方案,最后对超临界水氧化技术领域的未来研究方向提出了展望与建议。
In the past thirty years,supercritical water oxidation( SCWO) has made great progress as a substitute for incineration in the treatment of highly concentrated industrial organic wastewater.As a new treatment technology,SCWO has however some defects such as corrosion and salt plugging problems to reactors,which hinder its application in the industrial waste treatment process. The existing problems of SCWO are described in details and the key points for industrial application of SCWO are explained and unscrambled. The future research direction of SCWO is proposed. In addition,the thermal energy utilization of SCWO is also described and the results show that SCWO has some great advantages than normal waste treatment technology.
In the past thirty years,supercritical water oxidation( SCWO) has made great progress as a substitute for incineration in the treatment of highly concentrated industrial organic wastewater.As a new treatment technology,SCWO has however some defects such as corrosion and salt plugging problems to reactors,which hinder its application in the industrial waste treatment process. The existing problems of SCWO are described in details and the key points for industrial application of SCWO are explained and unscrambled. The future research direction of SCWO is proposed. In addition,the thermal energy utilization of SCWO is also described and the results show that SCWO has some great advantages than normal waste treatment technology.
引文
[1]Savage P E,Gopanlan S,Mizan T I,et al.Reactions at supercritical conditions:Applications and fundamentals[J]. AIChE J,1995,41(7):1723-1778.
[2]Broll D,Kaul C,Kramer A,et al. Chemistry in supercritical water[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,1999,38(20):2999-3014.
[3]Harradine D M,Buelow J,Dell'Orco P C,et al.Oxidation chemistry of energetic materials in supercritical water[J]. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Mater,1993,10(2):233-246.
[4]Mishra V,Mahajani V V,Joshi J B.Wet air oxidation[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1995,34(1):2-48.
[5]Franck E U. Physicochemical properties of supercritical solvents[J].Zeitschrift Für Elektrochemie Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft Für Physikalische Chemie,2010,88(9):820-825.
[6]Japas M L,Franck E U. High pressure phase equlibria and PVTdata of the water-oxygen system including water-air to 673 K and250 MPa[J].Zeitschrift Für Elektrochemie Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft Für Physikalische Chemie,2010,89(12):1268-1275.
[7]Ikushima Y,Sato M,Hatakeda K,et al. Chemical reaction of organics in supercritical water[J]. Cheminform,2007,38(27):213-222.
[8]佐古猛,岡島いづみ.超臨界流体のはなし[M].日刊工業新聞社,2006:13-16.
[9]Marrone P A. Supercritical water oxidation——Current status of full-scale commercial activity for waste destruction[J]. J Supercrit Fluids,2013,79(7):283-288.
[10]丁军委,陈丰秋,吴素芳,等.苯胺在超临界水中氧化反应路径[J].化工学报,2000,51(5):690-694.
[11]侯彩霞,马沛生.超临界水及其氧化反应的研究及应用[J].化学工业与工程,2003,20(6):361-366.
[12]王亮,王树众,张钦明,等.超临界水氧化处理含油废水的实验研究[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(7):546-549.
[13]张洁,王树众,郭洋,等.超临界水氧化处理偶氮染料废水的实验研究[J].化学工程,2011,39(10):11-15.
[14]林春绵,袁细宁,杨馗.超临界水氧化法降解甲胺磷的研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(6):714-718.
[15]张召恩,韩恩厚,张丽,等.超临界水氧化(SCWO)在环境保护中的应用[J].环境技术,2002,4:21-26.
[16]张丽,王俭秋,关辉,等.超临界水氧化技术及其环境中材料的腐蚀研究现状[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2001,13(5):270-274.
[17]新奥超临界技术治污治本[N·OL].中国环境报[2015-8-13].http:news.cenews.com.cn·html·2015-08·13·content_32562.htm.
[18]Eliaz N,Mitton D B,Latanision R M.Review of materials issues in supercritical water oxidation systems and the need for corrosion control[J].Trans Indian Inst Metals,2003,56(3):305-314.
[19]Asselin E,Alfantazi A,Rogak S. Corrosion of nickel-chromium alloys,stainless steel and niobium at supercritical water oxidation conditions[J].Corros Sci,2010,52(1):118-124.
[20]Boukis N,Friedrich C,Dinjus E. Titanium as reactor material for SCWO applications-first experimental results[R]. San Diego:CORROSION'98,1998.
[21]Kriksunov L B,Macdonald D D.Corrosion in supercritical water oxidation systems:A phenomenological analysis[J]. J. Electrochem Soc,1995,142(12):4069-4073.
[22]Kritzer P,Boukis N,Dinjus E. Transpassive dissolution of alloy625,chromium,nickel,and molybdenum in high-temperature solutions containing hydrochloric acid and oxygen[J].Corrosion,2000,56(3):265-272.
[23]Tang X,Wang S,Qian L,et al.Corrosion behavior of nickel base alloys,stainless steel and titanium alloy in supercritical water containing chloride phosphate and oxygen[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2015,100:530-541.
[24]Son S,Lee J,Byeon S,et al.Surface chemical analysis of corroded alloys in subcritical and supercritical water oxidation of 2-chlorophenol in continuous anticorrosive reactor system[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res,2008,47(7):2265-2272.
[25]Armellini F J,Tester J W. Experimental methods for studying salt nucleation and growth from supercritical water[J].J Supercrit Fluids,1991,4(4):254-264.
[26]Oelkers E H,Helgeson H C.Multiple ion association in supercritical aqueous solutions of single electrolytes[J]. Science,1993,261(5123):888-891.
[27]Barner H E,Huang C Y,Johnson T,et al.Supercritical water oxidation:An emerging technology[J].J Hazardous Mater,1992,31(1):1-17.
[28]Laroche H L,Weber M,Trepp C.Design rules for the wallcooled hydrothermal burner(WHB)[J]. Process Technology Proceedings,1996,12:645-650.
[29]John S,James O. Supercritical water oxidation apparatus and method:US7972573[P].2011-07-05.
[30]Schmieder H,Abeln J.Supercritical water oxidation:State of the art[J].Chem Eng Technol,1999,22(11):903-908.
[31]Marronea P,Hodesb M,Smith K,et al.Salt precipitation and scale control in supercritical water oxidation—part B:Commercial·fullscale applications[J].J Supercrit Fluids,2004,29(3):289-312.
[32]Casal V,Schmidt H.SUWOX—a facility for the destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbons[J].J Supercrit Fluids,1998,13:269-276.
[33]Garcia-Rodriguez Y,Mato F,Martin A,et al.Energy recovery from effluents of supercritical water oxidation reactors[J]. J Supercriti Fluids,2015,104:1-9.
[34]Mukohara T,Koshizuka T,Oka S.Core design of a high temperature fast reactor cooled by supercritical light water[J]. Ann Nucl Energy,1999,26(16):1423-1436.
[35]Guo R,Yamaji A,Oka Y.Analysis of accidents and abnormal transients of a high breeding fast reactor cooled by supercriticalpressure light water[J]. Nucl Eng Des,2015,295(15):228-238.
[2]Broll D,Kaul C,Kramer A,et al. Chemistry in supercritical water[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,1999,38(20):2999-3014.
[3]Harradine D M,Buelow J,Dell'Orco P C,et al.Oxidation chemistry of energetic materials in supercritical water[J]. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Mater,1993,10(2):233-246.
[4]Mishra V,Mahajani V V,Joshi J B.Wet air oxidation[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1995,34(1):2-48.
[5]Franck E U. Physicochemical properties of supercritical solvents[J].Zeitschrift Für Elektrochemie Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft Für Physikalische Chemie,2010,88(9):820-825.
[6]Japas M L,Franck E U. High pressure phase equlibria and PVTdata of the water-oxygen system including water-air to 673 K and250 MPa[J].Zeitschrift Für Elektrochemie Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft Für Physikalische Chemie,2010,89(12):1268-1275.
[7]Ikushima Y,Sato M,Hatakeda K,et al. Chemical reaction of organics in supercritical water[J]. Cheminform,2007,38(27):213-222.
[8]佐古猛,岡島いづみ.超臨界流体のはなし[M].日刊工業新聞社,2006:13-16.
[9]Marrone P A. Supercritical water oxidation——Current status of full-scale commercial activity for waste destruction[J]. J Supercrit Fluids,2013,79(7):283-288.
[10]丁军委,陈丰秋,吴素芳,等.苯胺在超临界水中氧化反应路径[J].化工学报,2000,51(5):690-694.
[11]侯彩霞,马沛生.超临界水及其氧化反应的研究及应用[J].化学工业与工程,2003,20(6):361-366.
[12]王亮,王树众,张钦明,等.超临界水氧化处理含油废水的实验研究[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(7):546-549.
[13]张洁,王树众,郭洋,等.超临界水氧化处理偶氮染料废水的实验研究[J].化学工程,2011,39(10):11-15.
[14]林春绵,袁细宁,杨馗.超临界水氧化法降解甲胺磷的研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(6):714-718.
[15]张召恩,韩恩厚,张丽,等.超临界水氧化(SCWO)在环境保护中的应用[J].环境技术,2002,4:21-26.
[16]张丽,王俭秋,关辉,等.超临界水氧化技术及其环境中材料的腐蚀研究现状[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2001,13(5):270-274.
[17]新奥超临界技术治污治本[N·OL].中国环境报[2015-8-13].http:news.cenews.com.cn·html·2015-08·13·content_32562.htm.
[18]Eliaz N,Mitton D B,Latanision R M.Review of materials issues in supercritical water oxidation systems and the need for corrosion control[J].Trans Indian Inst Metals,2003,56(3):305-314.
[19]Asselin E,Alfantazi A,Rogak S. Corrosion of nickel-chromium alloys,stainless steel and niobium at supercritical water oxidation conditions[J].Corros Sci,2010,52(1):118-124.
[20]Boukis N,Friedrich C,Dinjus E. Titanium as reactor material for SCWO applications-first experimental results[R]. San Diego:CORROSION'98,1998.
[21]Kriksunov L B,Macdonald D D.Corrosion in supercritical water oxidation systems:A phenomenological analysis[J]. J. Electrochem Soc,1995,142(12):4069-4073.
[22]Kritzer P,Boukis N,Dinjus E. Transpassive dissolution of alloy625,chromium,nickel,and molybdenum in high-temperature solutions containing hydrochloric acid and oxygen[J].Corrosion,2000,56(3):265-272.
[23]Tang X,Wang S,Qian L,et al.Corrosion behavior of nickel base alloys,stainless steel and titanium alloy in supercritical water containing chloride phosphate and oxygen[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2015,100:530-541.
[24]Son S,Lee J,Byeon S,et al.Surface chemical analysis of corroded alloys in subcritical and supercritical water oxidation of 2-chlorophenol in continuous anticorrosive reactor system[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res,2008,47(7):2265-2272.
[25]Armellini F J,Tester J W. Experimental methods for studying salt nucleation and growth from supercritical water[J].J Supercrit Fluids,1991,4(4):254-264.
[26]Oelkers E H,Helgeson H C.Multiple ion association in supercritical aqueous solutions of single electrolytes[J]. Science,1993,261(5123):888-891.
[27]Barner H E,Huang C Y,Johnson T,et al.Supercritical water oxidation:An emerging technology[J].J Hazardous Mater,1992,31(1):1-17.
[28]Laroche H L,Weber M,Trepp C.Design rules for the wallcooled hydrothermal burner(WHB)[J]. Process Technology Proceedings,1996,12:645-650.
[29]John S,James O. Supercritical water oxidation apparatus and method:US7972573[P].2011-07-05.
[30]Schmieder H,Abeln J.Supercritical water oxidation:State of the art[J].Chem Eng Technol,1999,22(11):903-908.
[31]Marronea P,Hodesb M,Smith K,et al.Salt precipitation and scale control in supercritical water oxidation—part B:Commercial·fullscale applications[J].J Supercrit Fluids,2004,29(3):289-312.
[32]Casal V,Schmidt H.SUWOX—a facility for the destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbons[J].J Supercrit Fluids,1998,13:269-276.
[33]Garcia-Rodriguez Y,Mato F,Martin A,et al.Energy recovery from effluents of supercritical water oxidation reactors[J]. J Supercriti Fluids,2015,104:1-9.
[34]Mukohara T,Koshizuka T,Oka S.Core design of a high temperature fast reactor cooled by supercritical light water[J]. Ann Nucl Energy,1999,26(16):1423-1436.
[35]Guo R,Yamaji A,Oka Y.Analysis of accidents and abnormal transients of a high breeding fast reactor cooled by supercriticalpressure light water[J]. Nucl Eng Des,2015,295(15):228-238.