松花江流域大型底栖动物群落结构与水质评价
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摘要
【目的】松花江流域是中国最早的工业基地之一,其水生态环境遭到严重破坏,环境保护工作面临巨大挑战。开展松花江流域水质评价及典型生物类群多样性状况调查,可为松花江流域生态系统的保护和修复提供依据。【方法】于2016年7月调查整个松花江流域近岸的大型底栖动物群落组成和测定水质理化指标,开展其水质理化特征评价和生物指数评价,并探讨底栖动物群落分布与水环境因子间的关系。【结果】理化指标评价结果显示,南源松花江水质状况最差,处于中度污染;北源松花江处于轻度污染;梧桐河水质最好,处于良好状态。松花江流域3个河段的底栖动物群落结构存在空间差异性。另外,梧桐河的物种多样性最高,北源松花江次之,南源松花江最低。溶解氧和营养元素K的浓度是驱动底栖动物群落组成发生显著性差异的主要环境因子。生物指数评价结果显示,3个河段水质均处于轻度污染状态。【结论】松花江流域水质处于轻度到中度污染状态。有机污染是松花江流域面临的主要水质环境问题,对松花江流域底栖动物群落结构产生了显著影响。因此,控制有机质的输入是维持松花江流域水生态系统平衡的重要举措之一。
【Aim】As one of the oldest industrial bases in China,the Songhua River has been seriously damaged,and environmental protection is facing huge challenges. Therefore,it is urgent to carry out studies on water quality and the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates. 【Method】In July 2016,the macroinvertebrate communities in the Songhua River were investigated,together with the water quality indicators and biological indices. Furthermore,the relationship between community structure and environmental factors was analyzed by redundancy analysis. 【Result】Three stream segments of the Songhua River showed different environment gradients.Based on the single factor water quality assessment,the southern Songhua River was in moderate pollution and the water in the northern Songhua River was not seriously polluted. The water quality of a tributary branch,the Wutong River had the best water quality. The geographical distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates varied greatly in the different zones. The species diversity of the Wutong River was the highest,followed by the northern Songhua River,and it was the lowest in the southern Songhua River. The redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that dissolved oxygen(DO) and potassium(K) concentrations were the leading factors driving the patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates communities. Based on two biological indices,all three stream segments in the Songhua River were slightly polluted. 【Conclusion】The water of the Songhua River had light-to-moderate pollution levels. Furthermore,organic pollution was the main environmental problem,which influenced the benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Therefore,further efforts should be made to control the input of organic pollution in order to keep acceptable water quality in the Songhua River.
【Aim】As one of the oldest industrial bases in China,the Songhua River has been seriously damaged,and environmental protection is facing huge challenges. Therefore,it is urgent to carry out studies on water quality and the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates. 【Method】In July 2016,the macroinvertebrate communities in the Songhua River were investigated,together with the water quality indicators and biological indices. Furthermore,the relationship between community structure and environmental factors was analyzed by redundancy analysis. 【Result】Three stream segments of the Songhua River showed different environment gradients.Based on the single factor water quality assessment,the southern Songhua River was in moderate pollution and the water in the northern Songhua River was not seriously polluted. The water quality of a tributary branch,the Wutong River had the best water quality. The geographical distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates varied greatly in the different zones. The species diversity of the Wutong River was the highest,followed by the northern Songhua River,and it was the lowest in the southern Songhua River. The redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that dissolved oxygen(DO) and potassium(K) concentrations were the leading factors driving the patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates communities. Based on two biological indices,all three stream segments in the Songhua River were slightly polluted. 【Conclusion】The water of the Songhua River had light-to-moderate pollution levels. Furthermore,organic pollution was the main environmental problem,which influenced the benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Therefore,further efforts should be made to control the input of organic pollution in order to keep acceptable water quality in the Songhua River.
引文
陈博,李卫明,陈求稳,刘德富,2014.夏季漓江不同底质类型和沉水植物对底栖动物分布的影响.环境科学学报,34(7):1758-1765.
陈其羽,梁彦龄,吴天惠,1980.武汉东湖底栖动物群落结构和动态的研究.水生生物学集刊,7(1):41-56.
迟国梁,赵颖,官昭瑛,王建武,童晓立,2010.广东横石水河大型底栖动物群落与环境因子的关系.生态学报,30(11):2836-2845.
段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍,2010.底栖动物与河流生态评价.北京:清华大学出版社.
耿世伟,渠晓东,张远,林坤德,2012.大型底栖动物生物评价指数比较与应用.环境科学,33(7):2281-2287.
顾晓昀,徐宗学,王汨,殷旭旺,刘麟菲,张欣,左德鹏,2017.北运河水系底栖动物群落结构与水环境质量评价.湖泊科学,29(6):1444-1454.
国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2002.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
郭巾巾,2011.影响松花江流域水生态系统特征的主要约束因子及其空间特性研究.硕士学位论文.天津:南开大学.
韩洁,张志南,于子山,2001.渤海大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究.青岛海洋大学学报,31(6):889-896.
黄旭蕾,李天宏,蒋晓辉,2015.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物指数的黄河水质评价研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),51(3):553-561.
霍堂斌,刘曼红,姜作发,李喆,马波,于洪贤,2012.松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价.应用生态学报,23(1):247-254.
冷龙龙,渠晓东,张海萍,刘晓波,张敏,李天科,李伟,2016.不同大型底栖动物快速生物评价指数对河流水质指示比较.环境科学研究,29(6):819-828.
李中宇,胡显安,刘录三,2014.松花江下游底栖动物组成及其环境指示作用.中国环境监测,30(1):86-92.
刘俊,2006.湘江软体动物多样性研究.博士学位论文.长沙:湖南师范大学.
刘录三,李中宇,孟伟,郑丙辉,胡显安,2007.松花江下游底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价.环境科学研究,20(3):81-86.
刘玉萍,王丽红,刘薇,刘侨博,2006.松花江有机污染物的污染特征研究.环境科学与管理,31(3):73-75.
王备新,杨莲芳,2006.溪流底栖动物定量与半定量采样法比较研究.应用与环境生物学报,12(5):719-721.
杨柳,汪祖茂,吴忠诚,韩瑜,王立硕,吴秋燕,2013.大型底栖动物定量和定性采样方法的对比分析.安徽农业科学,41(24):10002-10004.
尤平,任辉,2001.底栖动物及其在水质评价和监测上的应用.淮北煤师院学报(自然科学版),22(4):44-48.
张静,2010.松花江哈尔滨段大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北林业大学.
张静,于洪贤,2009.松花江哈尔滨段春季底栖动物群落结构研究及水质评价.水产学杂志,22(2):40-45.
张琦,王方鸣,罗岳平,黄钟霆,黄河仙,胡树林,陈贝贝,刘应迪,2018.湘江流域大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志.http:∥kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1785.X.20180118.1749.020.html.
赵娜,2015.河床演变对底栖动物群落的影响研究.博士学位论文.北京:清华大学.
赵然,2014.松花江大型底栖无脊椎动物种群分布与水质相关性分析.博士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2014.生物多样性观测技术导则淡水底栖大型无脊椎动物.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2017.2016年中国环境状况公报.环境保护,45(11):35-47.
中华人民共和国环境保护部办公厅,2011.地表水环境质量评价办法(试行).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
周笑白,张宁红,张咏,牛志春,刘雷,于红霞,2014.太湖水质与水生生物健康的关联性初探.环境科学,35(1):271-278.
左其亭,陈豪,张永勇,窦明,刘静,2017.淮河中上游轮虫群落结构分析及水质评价.环境工程学报,11(1):165-173.
BEAUGER A,LAIR N,REYES-MARCHANT P,PEIRY J L,2006.The distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a reach of the River Allier(France),in relation to riverbed characteristics.Hydrobiologia,571(1):63-76.
CLARKE K R,GORLEY R N,2006.PRIMER v6:user manual/tutorial.Plymouth,UK:PRIMER-E.
GABRIELS W,LOCK K,PAUW N D,GOETHALS P L,2010.Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders(MMIF)for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders(Belgium).Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,40(3):199-207.
GELLER J,MEYER C,PARKER M,HAWK H,2013.Redesign of PCR primers for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for marine invertebrates and application in all-taxa biotic surveys.Molecular Ecology Resources,13(5):851-861.
KENNEY M A,SUTTON-GRIER A E,SMITH R F,GRE-SENS S E,2009.Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality:the intersection of science and policy.Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews,2(2):99.
KITAGAWA N,1978.A classification of Japanese lakes based on hypolimnetic oxygen and benthonic fauna.Japanese Journal of Limnology,39:1-8.
LEPJ,MILAUER P,2003.Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO.Oxford:Cambridge University Press.
LI L,ZHENG B,LIU L,2010.Biomonitoring and bioindicators used for river ecosystems:definitions,approaches and trends.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2:1510-1524.
MENETREY N,OERTLI B,LACHAVANNE J,2011.The CIEPT:a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for assessing the ecological quality of Swiss lowland ponds.Ecological Indicators,11:590-600.
SWEENEY B W,BATTLE J M,JACKSON J K,DAPKEY T,2011.Can DNA barcodes of stream macroinvertebrates improve descriptions of community structure and water quality?Journal of the North American Benthological Society,30(1):195-216.
VANNI M J,2002.Nutrient cycling by animals in freshwater ecosystems.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,33:341-370.
XIONG W,LI J,CHEN Y Y,SHAN B Q,WANG W M,ZHAN A B,2016.Determinants of community structure of zooplankton in heavily polluted river ecosystems.Scientific Reports,6:22043.
陈其羽,梁彦龄,吴天惠,1980.武汉东湖底栖动物群落结构和动态的研究.水生生物学集刊,7(1):41-56.
迟国梁,赵颖,官昭瑛,王建武,童晓立,2010.广东横石水河大型底栖动物群落与环境因子的关系.生态学报,30(11):2836-2845.
段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍,2010.底栖动物与河流生态评价.北京:清华大学出版社.
耿世伟,渠晓东,张远,林坤德,2012.大型底栖动物生物评价指数比较与应用.环境科学,33(7):2281-2287.
顾晓昀,徐宗学,王汨,殷旭旺,刘麟菲,张欣,左德鹏,2017.北运河水系底栖动物群落结构与水环境质量评价.湖泊科学,29(6):1444-1454.
国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2002.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
郭巾巾,2011.影响松花江流域水生态系统特征的主要约束因子及其空间特性研究.硕士学位论文.天津:南开大学.
韩洁,张志南,于子山,2001.渤海大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究.青岛海洋大学学报,31(6):889-896.
黄旭蕾,李天宏,蒋晓辉,2015.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物指数的黄河水质评价研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),51(3):553-561.
霍堂斌,刘曼红,姜作发,李喆,马波,于洪贤,2012.松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价.应用生态学报,23(1):247-254.
冷龙龙,渠晓东,张海萍,刘晓波,张敏,李天科,李伟,2016.不同大型底栖动物快速生物评价指数对河流水质指示比较.环境科学研究,29(6):819-828.
李中宇,胡显安,刘录三,2014.松花江下游底栖动物组成及其环境指示作用.中国环境监测,30(1):86-92.
刘俊,2006.湘江软体动物多样性研究.博士学位论文.长沙:湖南师范大学.
刘录三,李中宇,孟伟,郑丙辉,胡显安,2007.松花江下游底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价.环境科学研究,20(3):81-86.
刘玉萍,王丽红,刘薇,刘侨博,2006.松花江有机污染物的污染特征研究.环境科学与管理,31(3):73-75.
王备新,杨莲芳,2006.溪流底栖动物定量与半定量采样法比较研究.应用与环境生物学报,12(5):719-721.
杨柳,汪祖茂,吴忠诚,韩瑜,王立硕,吴秋燕,2013.大型底栖动物定量和定性采样方法的对比分析.安徽农业科学,41(24):10002-10004.
尤平,任辉,2001.底栖动物及其在水质评价和监测上的应用.淮北煤师院学报(自然科学版),22(4):44-48.
张静,2010.松花江哈尔滨段大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北林业大学.
张静,于洪贤,2009.松花江哈尔滨段春季底栖动物群落结构研究及水质评价.水产学杂志,22(2):40-45.
张琦,王方鸣,罗岳平,黄钟霆,黄河仙,胡树林,陈贝贝,刘应迪,2018.湘江流域大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志.http:∥kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1785.X.20180118.1749.020.html.
赵娜,2015.河床演变对底栖动物群落的影响研究.博士学位论文.北京:清华大学.
赵然,2014.松花江大型底栖无脊椎动物种群分布与水质相关性分析.博士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2014.生物多样性观测技术导则淡水底栖大型无脊椎动物.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2017.2016年中国环境状况公报.环境保护,45(11):35-47.
中华人民共和国环境保护部办公厅,2011.地表水环境质量评价办法(试行).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
周笑白,张宁红,张咏,牛志春,刘雷,于红霞,2014.太湖水质与水生生物健康的关联性初探.环境科学,35(1):271-278.
左其亭,陈豪,张永勇,窦明,刘静,2017.淮河中上游轮虫群落结构分析及水质评价.环境工程学报,11(1):165-173.
BEAUGER A,LAIR N,REYES-MARCHANT P,PEIRY J L,2006.The distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a reach of the River Allier(France),in relation to riverbed characteristics.Hydrobiologia,571(1):63-76.
CLARKE K R,GORLEY R N,2006.PRIMER v6:user manual/tutorial.Plymouth,UK:PRIMER-E.
GABRIELS W,LOCK K,PAUW N D,GOETHALS P L,2010.Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders(MMIF)for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders(Belgium).Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,40(3):199-207.
GELLER J,MEYER C,PARKER M,HAWK H,2013.Redesign of PCR primers for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for marine invertebrates and application in all-taxa biotic surveys.Molecular Ecology Resources,13(5):851-861.
KENNEY M A,SUTTON-GRIER A E,SMITH R F,GRE-SENS S E,2009.Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality:the intersection of science and policy.Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews,2(2):99.
KITAGAWA N,1978.A classification of Japanese lakes based on hypolimnetic oxygen and benthonic fauna.Japanese Journal of Limnology,39:1-8.
LEPJ,MILAUER P,2003.Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO.Oxford:Cambridge University Press.
LI L,ZHENG B,LIU L,2010.Biomonitoring and bioindicators used for river ecosystems:definitions,approaches and trends.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2:1510-1524.
MENETREY N,OERTLI B,LACHAVANNE J,2011.The CIEPT:a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for assessing the ecological quality of Swiss lowland ponds.Ecological Indicators,11:590-600.
SWEENEY B W,BATTLE J M,JACKSON J K,DAPKEY T,2011.Can DNA barcodes of stream macroinvertebrates improve descriptions of community structure and water quality?Journal of the North American Benthological Society,30(1):195-216.
VANNI M J,2002.Nutrient cycling by animals in freshwater ecosystems.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,33:341-370.
XIONG W,LI J,CHEN Y Y,SHAN B Q,WANG W M,ZHAN A B,2016.Determinants of community structure of zooplankton in heavily polluted river ecosystems.Scientific Reports,6:22043.