辽宁省海洋生态修复现状、存在的问题及对策建议
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摘要
随着沿海经济带的开发建设,海洋生态环境承受着巨大压力,湿地、河口、海湾、海岛等重要生态系统面临前所未有的威胁。对海洋生态的保护修复已经迫在眉睫、刻不容缓。文章基于辽宁省海洋资源环境的特征,结合海域开发利用及海洋生态修复现状,探索辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题,并提出生态修复重点及对策建议,截至2017年,累计整治修复岸线长度约140km,整治修复海域面积超过50km~2。辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题有:近岸局部海域水体污染、生态受损;湿地、滩涂面积有缩减趋势;河口生态系统脆弱,生物多样性指数降低;海湾生态功能退化;海岛生态环境失衡。辽宁省应重点开展海湾环境综合治理以及滨海湿地、岸滩、岛礁等整治修复工作。
With the development and construction of the coastal economic belt,the marine ecological environment is under tremendous pressure.Important ecosystems such as wetlands,estuaries,bays and islands are facing unprecedented threats.The protection for marine ecology is imminent and urgent.Based on the characteristics of marine resources and environment in Liaoning province,combined with the status quo of sea area utilization and marine ecological restoration,this paper explored the main problems facing marine ecological protection and restoration in Liaoning province,and put forward key points and countermeasures.As of 2017,Liaoning province had rectified and repaired about 140 kilometers of coastline and more than 50 square kilometers ofsea area.The main problems facing the restoration of marine ecology in Liaoning province are:the water pollution and ecological damage in the coastal waters;the shrinkage of wetlands and tidal flats;the fragile ecosystem and the decrease of the biodiversity index in the estuaries;and the degradation of the ecological function of the bays;the unbalanced ecological environment of the islands.Liaoning province should focus on the comprehensive improvement of the Gulf environment and the remediation to coastal wetlands,beaches,islands and reefs.
With the development and construction of the coastal economic belt,the marine ecological environment is under tremendous pressure.Important ecosystems such as wetlands,estuaries,bays and islands are facing unprecedented threats.The protection for marine ecology is imminent and urgent.Based on the characteristics of marine resources and environment in Liaoning province,combined with the status quo of sea area utilization and marine ecological restoration,this paper explored the main problems facing marine ecological protection and restoration in Liaoning province,and put forward key points and countermeasures.As of 2017,Liaoning province had rectified and repaired about 140 kilometers of coastline and more than 50 square kilometers ofsea area.The main problems facing the restoration of marine ecology in Liaoning province are:the water pollution and ecological damage in the coastal waters;the shrinkage of wetlands and tidal flats;the fragile ecosystem and the decrease of the biodiversity index in the estuaries;and the degradation of the ecological function of the bays;the unbalanced ecological environment of the islands.Liaoning province should focus on the comprehensive improvement of the Gulf environment and the remediation to coastal wetlands,beaches,islands and reefs.
引文
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[17]王伟伟,王鹏,郑倩,等.辽宁省围填海海洋开发活动对海岸带生态环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(6):927-929.
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[21]张华,苗苗,孙才志,等.辽宁省滨海湿地资源类型及景观格局分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(3):139-146.
[22]张华,张丽媛,伏捷,等.辽宁省滨海湿地类型及生态服务价值研究[J].湿地科学,2009,7(4):342-350.
[2]王斌.中国海洋环境现状及保护对策[J].环境保护,2006,36(20):24-29.
[3]厉丞烜,张朝晖,陈力群,等.我国海洋生态环境状况综合分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2014,31(3):87-95.
[4]柴召阳,何培民.我国海洋富营养化趋势与生态修复策略[J].科学,2013,65(4):48-52.
[5]高嵩,范士亮,韩秀荣,等.浒苔绿潮与南黄海近岸海域水质的关系[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):213-218.
[6]黎遗业.广西红树林湿地现状与生态保护的研究[J].资源调查与环境,2008,29(1):55-60.
[7]王丽荣,赵焕庭.珊瑚礁生态保护与管理研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(4):103-108.
[8]李淑,余克服.珊瑚礁白化研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):2059-2069.
[9]潘金华,江鑫,赛珊,等.海草场生态系统及其修复研究进展[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6223-6232.
[10]王斌.我国海洋生物多样性保护的进展[J].海洋开发与管理,2002,19(3):28-32.
[11]姜欢欢,温国义,周艳荣,等.我国海洋生态修复现状、存在的问题及展望[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(1):35-38.
[12] NECKLES H A,DIONNE M,BURDICK D M,et al.A Monitoring Protocol to Assess Tidal Restoration of Salt Marshes on Local and Regional Scales[J].Restoration Ecology,2010,10(3):556-563.
[13] BOESCH D F.Scientific requirements for ecosystem-based management in the restoration of Chesapeake Bay and Coastal Louisiana[J].Ecological Engineering,2006,26(1):6-26.
[14] MITSCH W J,JR J W D.Restoration of wetlands in the Mississippi-Ohio-Missouri(MOM)River Basin:Experience and needed research[J].Ecological Engineering,2006,26(1):55-69.
[15]张騄.海洋生态修复现状、存在的问题及展望探讨[J].科技创新导报,2015,12(17):140-141.
[16]汤天滋,王文翰.辽宁海洋资源开发与海洋生态环境保护[J].海洋科学,2002,26(1):30-32.
[17]王伟伟,王鹏,郑倩,等.辽宁省围填海海洋开发活动对海岸带生态环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(6):927-929.
[18]王丹丹.辽河红海滩湿地的保护研究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2016,44(1):14-16.
[19]徐波.红海滩湿地生态环境保护与措施[J].民营科技,2017,23(12):71.
[20]李波.盘锦“红海滩”退化初探[J].垦殖与稻作,2006,30(4):76-78.
[21]张华,苗苗,孙才志,等.辽宁省滨海湿地资源类型及景观格局分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(3):139-146.
[22]张华,张丽媛,伏捷,等.辽宁省滨海湿地类型及生态服务价值研究[J].湿地科学,2009,7(4):342-350.