我国大城市总体规划修编中防灾规划编制模式探讨——以武汉市为例
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摘要
武汉市现行城市总体规划中的防灾规划尝试突破传统编制模式的局限,探索更为合理的路径,但是仍存在一定的问题。参考国内外大城市的先进经验,并以"综合防灾"、"风险管理"和"韧性城市"等防灾理念为引导,构建武汉市总体规划修编中防灾规划编制的新模式:在重大防灾问题的研判上,明确五大主要灾种、六类核心区域和八项关键问题,并以"建设韧性城市"为目标制定防灾策略与措施,构建五大城市防灾系统;在编制内容的组织上,采用"城市空间系统规划+综合防灾专项规划"的形式,从目标标准、空间布局、设施配置和管理机制四个方面进行推进;同时,为了加强规划实施,在综合防灾专项规划的框架内构建规划指标体系。
The disaster prevention plan of the current master plan of Wuhan represents a break from the traditional model. However, problems still exist. Referring to the advanced experience of big cities in China and abroad, and integrating the concepts of "comprehensive disaster prevention", "risk management" and "resilient city",a new model of disaster prevention plan is constructed in the process of master plan amendment of Wuhan. In the research stage, five major types of disaster, six core areas and eight key problems are identified. Following the goal of "building resilient city", disaster prevention strategies and measures are formulated, and five disaster prevention systems of the city are proposed. The plan documentation includes a combination of city spatial systems plan and comprehensive disaster prevention plan, and a discussion on target standard, spatial layout, facility configuration and management mechanism. In order to facilitate implementation, the planning index system is built into the framework of comprehensive disaster prevention plan.
The disaster prevention plan of the current master plan of Wuhan represents a break from the traditional model. However, problems still exist. Referring to the advanced experience of big cities in China and abroad, and integrating the concepts of "comprehensive disaster prevention", "risk management" and "resilient city",a new model of disaster prevention plan is constructed in the process of master plan amendment of Wuhan. In the research stage, five major types of disaster, six core areas and eight key problems are identified. Following the goal of "building resilient city", disaster prevention strategies and measures are formulated, and five disaster prevention systems of the city are proposed. The plan documentation includes a combination of city spatial systems plan and comprehensive disaster prevention plan, and a discussion on target standard, spatial layout, facility configuration and management mechanism. In order to facilitate implementation, the planning index system is built into the framework of comprehensive disaster prevention plan.
引文
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[12]赵丹.何为“韧性城市”——权成概念解析及最新案例分析[EB/OL]. 2018-07-10,http://www. shedejie. com/jianshen/40595.html.(ZHAO Dan. What is"resilience city"——analysis of authoritative concept and latest case analysis[EB/OL]. 2018-07-10, http://www.shedejie.com/jianshen/40595.html.)
[2]戴慎志.城市综合防灾规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011,(DAI Shenzhi.Urban comprehensive disaster prevention plan[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2011.)
[3] Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local multi-hazard mitigation planning guidance[R].Washington, D.C.:Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008.
[4]冯浩,戴慎志,宋彦.美国城市综合防灾规划编制经验研究[J].城市规划,2018,42(4):100-106.(FENG Hao, DAI Shenzhi, SONG Yan. Research on the plan-making experiece of American urban multi-hazard mitigation[J]. City Planning Review, 2018, 42(4):100-106.)
[5]冯浩,张方,戴慎志.综合防灾规划灾害风险评估方法体系研究[J].现代城市研究,2017(8):93-98.(FENG Hao, ZHANG Fang,DAI Shenzhi. The research on the method sys-tern of risk assessment in multi-hazard mitigation plan[J]. Modem Urban Research, 2017(8):93-98.)
[6] GODSCHALK D R. Urban hazard mitigation:creating resilient cities[J]. Nature Hazards Review, 2003 4(3):136-143.
[7]赫磊,戴慎志,宋彦.城市综合防灾规划编制与评估的美国经验及对我国的启示[J].城市规划学刊,2011(5):87-94.(HE Lei.DAI Shenzhi, SONG Yan. A research on multihazard mitigation planning in China with a reference to U.S. experience[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2011(5):87-94.)
[8]毛德华.灾害学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.(MAO Dehua. Science of disaster[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2011.)
[9]唐彦东,于汐.灾害经济学[M].第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2016.(TANG Yandong, YU Xi. Disaster economics[M]. 2nd edition. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 2016.)
[10]翟宝辉.城市综合防灾[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007.(ZHAI Baohui. Urban comprehensive disaster prevention[M]. Beijing:China Development Press, 2007.)
[11]张继全,冈田宪夫[日],多多纳裕一[日].综合自然灾害风险管理——全面整合的模式与中国的战略选择[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(1):29-37.(ZHANG Jiquan, OKADA N,TATANO H. Integrated natural disaster risk management:comprehensive and integrated model and Chinese strategy choice[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2006, 15(1):29-37.)
[12]赵丹.何为“韧性城市”——权成概念解析及最新案例分析[EB/OL]. 2018-07-10,http://www. shedejie. com/jianshen/40595.html.(ZHAO Dan. What is"resilience city"——analysis of authoritative concept and latest case analysis[EB/OL]. 2018-07-10, http://www.shedejie.com/jianshen/40595.html.)