山东省小学生家庭烟草暴露与学习成绩的关系
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摘要
目的探讨小学生家长吸烟与孩子学习成绩的关系,为有效开展家庭控烟工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在山东省东、中、西部各抽取1个市作为监测市,每个监测市随机抽取农村、城市小学各2所,使用自行编制的调查问卷,对三至六年级的5 861名小学生及其家长进行自填匿名调查。结果 49.9%的小学生家中有人吸烟,其中隔代家庭高(63.3%)。家庭烟草暴露是学生成绩的影响因素,有家庭被动吸烟的学生学习成绩较差的报告率高于无家庭被动吸烟的学生(Z=-4.21,P<0.01);每周被动吸烟的天数越多,成绩中下和较差的越多,差异有统计学意义(r=0.14,P<0.01)。结论家庭烟草暴露会对子女的学习成绩产生负面影响。烟草暴露对学生的伤害是多方面的,特别是思维、情绪、性格等隐形、长远的伤害容易被忽视。学生的控烟研究和宣传内容应注意多角度、多层次推进。
Objective To investigate the relationship between household exposure to tobacco smoke with academic performance among elementary school students in Shandong province. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate 5 861 students and their families in 3 different cities. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted by trained investigators. Results The household passive smoking behaviors was 49.7% and the rate was highest in the next generation families. The results suggested that tobacco exposure in the home may be one of associated factors influencing academic performance. Students exposed in household tobacco smoke had poorer academic performance than those who did not expose. Moreover,the longer the exposure during a week, the higher risk of "below average" or "poor" academic performance. Conclusion Indoor tobacco exposure leads to reduced academic achievement of children, as well as other negligible adverse impacts on thinking, emotion and character. Multilevel and progressive school-based student tobacco prevention programs are expected.
Objective To investigate the relationship between household exposure to tobacco smoke with academic performance among elementary school students in Shandong province. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate 5 861 students and their families in 3 different cities. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted by trained investigators. Results The household passive smoking behaviors was 49.7% and the rate was highest in the next generation families. The results suggested that tobacco exposure in the home may be one of associated factors influencing academic performance. Students exposed in household tobacco smoke had poorer academic performance than those who did not expose. Moreover,the longer the exposure during a week, the higher risk of "below average" or "poor" academic performance. Conclusion Indoor tobacco exposure leads to reduced academic achievement of children, as well as other negligible adverse impacts on thinking, emotion and character. Multilevel and progressive school-based student tobacco prevention programs are expected.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国卫生部.中国吸烟危害健康报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:189-190.
[2]BAUMAN K E,FLEWELLING R L,LAPRELLE J.Parental cigarette smoking and cognitive performance of children[J].Health Psychol,1991,10(4):282-288.
[3]王凤清,马迎华.吸烟与儿童健康[J].现代预防医学,2009,36(3):520-522.
[4]黄杰夫.烟草危害与烟草控制[M].北京:新华出版社,2012:173.
[5]聂晶,赵明,单林.关于非智力因素对学生学习成绩影响的调查研究[J].中国高等医学教育,2000(2):47-50.
[6]高珂,孙谕,霍金芝,等.心理控制源、个性及焦虑与学习成绩初探[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1997,11(5):289-290.
[7]邸红军,钱明.智力、注意力与学习成绩的相关分析[J].天津医科大学学报,1997,3(4):26-27.
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[9]孙桐,康殿民.被动吸烟对儿童智力和身体发育影响研究进展[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(4):509-511.
[10]佚名.研究显示父母吸烟会影响孩子学习成绩[J].医药与保健,2007(10):26.
[11]姚宝珍,柯春芬,郭铮,等.128名学龄前儿童智力检测结果分析[J].湖北医科大学学报,1997,18(2):165-167.
[12]HAMER M,STAMATAKIS E,BATTY G D.Objectively assessed secondhand smoke exposure and mental health in adults:cross-sectional and prospective evidence from the Scottish Health Survey[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,2010,67(8):850-855.
[13]梁晓峰.中国成人烟草调查报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:76.
[14]梁晓峰.2014中国青少年烟草调查报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:24.
[2]BAUMAN K E,FLEWELLING R L,LAPRELLE J.Parental cigarette smoking and cognitive performance of children[J].Health Psychol,1991,10(4):282-288.
[3]王凤清,马迎华.吸烟与儿童健康[J].现代预防医学,2009,36(3):520-522.
[4]黄杰夫.烟草危害与烟草控制[M].北京:新华出版社,2012:173.
[5]聂晶,赵明,单林.关于非智力因素对学生学习成绩影响的调查研究[J].中国高等医学教育,2000(2):47-50.
[6]高珂,孙谕,霍金芝,等.心理控制源、个性及焦虑与学习成绩初探[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1997,11(5):289-290.
[7]邸红军,钱明.智力、注意力与学习成绩的相关分析[J].天津医科大学学报,1997,3(4):26-27.
[8]WHO.Report on the global tobacco epidemic,2009:implementing smoke-free environments[R].Geneva:WHO,2010.
[9]孙桐,康殿民.被动吸烟对儿童智力和身体发育影响研究进展[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(4):509-511.
[10]佚名.研究显示父母吸烟会影响孩子学习成绩[J].医药与保健,2007(10):26.
[11]姚宝珍,柯春芬,郭铮,等.128名学龄前儿童智力检测结果分析[J].湖北医科大学学报,1997,18(2):165-167.
[12]HAMER M,STAMATAKIS E,BATTY G D.Objectively assessed secondhand smoke exposure and mental health in adults:cross-sectional and prospective evidence from the Scottish Health Survey[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,2010,67(8):850-855.
[13]梁晓峰.中国成人烟草调查报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:76.
[14]梁晓峰.2014中国青少年烟草调查报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:24.