适用于高炉冶炼不锈钢母液的含铬炉料制备
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摘要
使用低品位铬铁精矿(或粉矿)是提高不锈钢产品市场竞争力的有效措施,对精粉进行预先造块是提高熔炉冶炼效率、降低焦比不可缺少的步骤。回顾了中南大学使用低品位南非铬铁精矿制备高品质炉料用于高炉冶炼不锈钢母液工艺的相关研究及经验。前期扩大试验表明,任意铬铁精矿比例条件下均可制备出高强度氧化球团(>2 500 N/个)和烧结矿。高压辊磨预处理是强化铬铁精矿造块的关键技术。为获得满足高炉冶炼要求的炉料冶金性能,南非铬铁精矿的使用比例应低于60%。球团烧结技术是对细粒铬铁精矿造块有效且较经济的技术手段,所得含铬烧结矿用于高炉冶炼不锈钢母液工艺是可行的。
The utilization of low grade chromite concentrates or fines is an effective way to improve the competiveness of stainless steel products in the market.Preliminary agglomeration of these concentrates or fines is an essential step to improve the reduction efficiency and reduce the coke ratio of the smelting process. Earlier researches and experiences of Central South University in producing high quality feedstocks from low grade chromite concentrates for alternative production of stainless steel master alloys in blast furnaces were summarized. Pilot-scale tests showed that both high strength oxidized pellets(over 2 500 N/pellet)and sinters could be manufactured from any proportion of chromite concentrate. High pressure grinding rollers(HPGR)pretreatment is a key technique to strengthen the agglomeration of chromite concent rates. To achieve a desirable metallurgical performance of agglomerates in blast furnaces,the proportion of chromite concentrate should be less than 60%. Pellet-sintering technique is an effective and economic method for the agglomeration offine chromite concentrates. It is feasible to use the chromium-bearing sinter as the charging material for stainless steel master alloys production in blast furnaces.
The utilization of low grade chromite concentrates or fines is an effective way to improve the competiveness of stainless steel products in the market.Preliminary agglomeration of these concentrates or fines is an essential step to improve the reduction efficiency and reduce the coke ratio of the smelting process. Earlier researches and experiences of Central South University in producing high quality feedstocks from low grade chromite concentrates for alternative production of stainless steel master alloys in blast furnaces were summarized. Pilot-scale tests showed that both high strength oxidized pellets(over 2 500 N/pellet)and sinters could be manufactured from any proportion of chromite concentrate. High pressure grinding rollers(HPGR)pretreatment is a key technique to strengthen the agglomeration of chromite concent rates. To achieve a desirable metallurgical performance of agglomerates in blast furnaces,the proportion of chromite concentrate should be less than 60%. Pellet-sintering technique is an effective and economic method for the agglomeration offine chromite concentrates. It is feasible to use the chromium-bearing sinter as the charging material for stainless steel master alloys production in blast furnaces.
引文
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[15]Erkkila P.Trends and challenges in the stainless steel industry[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2004,31(4):277
[16]Cramer L A,Basson J,Nelson L R.The impact of platinum production from UG2 ore on ferrochrome production in South Africa[J].The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2004,104(9):517.
[17]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.Improving the pelletization of chromite concentrate by HPGR and its mechanism[C]//6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing.New Jersey:John Wiley and Sons,Inc,Hoboken,2015:139.
[18]罗艳红.磁铁精矿氧化球团的基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.(LUO Yan-hong.A Fundamental Investigation on Magnetite Concentrate Oxidized Pellets[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011.)
[19]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.Insight into the consolidation mechanism of oxidized pellets made from the mixture of magnetite and chromite concentrates[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2016,47(2):1010.
[20]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.Comparison of the oxidation behaviors of high FeO chromite and magnetite concentrates relevant to the induration of ferrous pellets[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2016,47(5):2919.
[21]刘衍辉,吕学伟,陈攀,等.镍铬复合烧结矿制备工艺与固结机理[J].钢铁研究学报,2016,28(3):19.(LIU Yan-hui,LU?Xue-wei,CHEN Pan,et al.Preparation and consolidation mechanism for nickel-chromium composite sinters[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2016,28(3):19.)
[22]ZHU De-qing,LI Jian,PAN Jian,et al.Sintering behaviors of chromite fines and the consolidation mechanism[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2008,86(1):58.
[23]朱德庆,仉宏亮,潘建.铬铁粉矿球团烧结新工艺及固结机理研究[J].金属矿山,2010(5):99.(ZHU De-qing,ZHANGHong-liang,PAN Jian.Study of chromite fines pellet sintering and its hardening mechanism[J].Metal Mines,2010(5):99.)
[24]朱德庆,熊守安,仉宏亮,等.铬铁精矿球团烧结工艺与机理[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(5):1658.(ZHUDe-qing,XIONG Shou-an,ZHANG Hong-liang,et al.Pellet sintering process of chromite concentrate and mechanism of consolidation[J].Journal of Central South University:Natural Science,2010,41(5):1658.)
[25]Agarwal S,Pal J,Ghosh D.Development of chromite sinter from ultra-fine chromite ore by direct sintering[J].ISIJ International,2014,54(3):559.
[26]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.An integrated approach for production of stainless steel master alloy from a low grade chromite concentrate[J].Powder Technology,2018,335:103.
[27]Pal J,Bandyopadhyay D,Singh D P,et al.A comparative study for smelting of chromite ore,pellets,briquettes and sinter[J].Mineral Processing Extractive Metallurgy(Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy:Section C),2008,117(3):129.
[28]Ahmed A,El-Fawakhry M K,Eissa M,et al.Direct chromite alloying by smelting reduction of mill scale and low grade chromite ore[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2015,42(9):648.
[29]Agarwal S,Pal J,Ghosh D.Smelting characteristics of fluxed chromite sinter and its performance assessment in electric arc furnace to produce high carbon ferrochrome[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2016,43(2):97.
[2]Daavittila J,Honkaniemi M,Jokinen P.The transformation of ferrochromium smelting technologies during the last decades[J].The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2004,104(9):541.)
[3]Niekerk A A,Meyjes R P.Fe-Cr smelting process selection[C]//The seventh China International Ferroalloys Conference.Changsha:[s.n.],2010:150.
[4]朱大镛.国外铬矿粉的利用途径[J].铁合金,1981(2):30.(ZHU Da-yong.Application routes of foreign chromite ore fines[J].Ferro-Alloys,1981(2):30.)
[5]储少军,陈佩仙,杨大海.电硅热法生产300系不锈钢工艺的可行性[J].钢铁,2015,50(4):1.(CHU Shao-jun,CHEN Peixian,YANG Da-hai.Feasibility of a new process for 300 series stainless steel with electrosilicothermic metallurgy[J].Iron and Steel,2015,50(4):1.)
[6]李一为.竖炉法冶炼不锈钢母液的理论及工艺研究[D].上海:上海大学,2010.(LI Yi-wei.Theory and Technology of Producing Stainless Steel Master Alloys in Shaft Furnace[D].Shanghai:Shanghai University,2010.)
[7]任大宁,万天骥,袁章福,等.竖炉用含碳铬矿球团冶炼铬铁合金[J].铁合金,1990(4):22.(REN Da-ning,WAN Tian-ji,YUAN Zhang-fu,et al.Smelting of ferrochrome by shaft furnace with carbon bearing chromite ore pellets[J].Ferro-Alloys,1990(4):22.)
[8]李一为,丁伟中,郑少波,等.255 m3高炉冶炼不锈钢母液工业试验[J].钢铁,2004,39(4):1.(LI Yi-wei,DING Wei-zhong,ZHENG Shao-bo,et al.Industrial test of producing stainless steel master melt on 255 m3blast furnace[J].Iron and Steel,2004,39(4):1.)
[9]张华,毛瑞,袁骧,等.竖炉法冶炼含Cr和Ni的铁水试验研究[J].中国冶金,2014,24(6):47.(ZHANG Hua,MAO Rui,YUAN Xiang,et al.Experimental study on smelting of molten iron containing Cr and Ni in method of shaft furnace[J].China Metallurgy,2014,24(6):47.)
[10]朱德庆,李建,范晓慧,等.铬铁矿粉造块方法综述[J].烧结球团,2004,29(2):27.(ZHU De-qing,LI Jian,FAN Xiao-hui,et al.Literature review of the agglomeration of chromite fines[J].Sintering and Pelletizing,2004,29(2):27.)
[11]Rao P V T,Das A K.Agglomeration of chromite ore fines for ferrochrome makinga step towards increased competitiveness[C]//Ferro Alloy Industries in the Liberalised Economy.Jamshedpur:NML,1997:51.
[12]Nandy B,Chaudhury M K,Paul J,et al.Sintering characteristics of India chromite ore fines[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2009,40B:662.
[13]Vazarlis H G,Lekatou A.Pelletising-sintering,prereduction,and smelting of Greek chromite ores and concentrates[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,1993,20(1):42.
[14]Glastonbury R I,Beukes J P,Zyl P G V,et al.Comparison of physical properties of oxidative sintered pellets produced with UG2 or metallurgical-grade South African chromite:a case study[J].The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2015,115(8):699.
[15]Erkkila P.Trends and challenges in the stainless steel industry[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2004,31(4):277
[16]Cramer L A,Basson J,Nelson L R.The impact of platinum production from UG2 ore on ferrochrome production in South Africa[J].The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2004,104(9):517.
[17]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.Improving the pelletization of chromite concentrate by HPGR and its mechanism[C]//6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing.New Jersey:John Wiley and Sons,Inc,Hoboken,2015:139.
[18]罗艳红.磁铁精矿氧化球团的基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.(LUO Yan-hong.A Fundamental Investigation on Magnetite Concentrate Oxidized Pellets[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011.)
[19]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.Insight into the consolidation mechanism of oxidized pellets made from the mixture of magnetite and chromite concentrates[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2016,47(2):1010.
[20]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.Comparison of the oxidation behaviors of high FeO chromite and magnetite concentrates relevant to the induration of ferrous pellets[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2016,47(5):2919.
[21]刘衍辉,吕学伟,陈攀,等.镍铬复合烧结矿制备工艺与固结机理[J].钢铁研究学报,2016,28(3):19.(LIU Yan-hui,LU?Xue-wei,CHEN Pan,et al.Preparation and consolidation mechanism for nickel-chromium composite sinters[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2016,28(3):19.)
[22]ZHU De-qing,LI Jian,PAN Jian,et al.Sintering behaviors of chromite fines and the consolidation mechanism[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2008,86(1):58.
[23]朱德庆,仉宏亮,潘建.铬铁粉矿球团烧结新工艺及固结机理研究[J].金属矿山,2010(5):99.(ZHU De-qing,ZHANGHong-liang,PAN Jian.Study of chromite fines pellet sintering and its hardening mechanism[J].Metal Mines,2010(5):99.)
[24]朱德庆,熊守安,仉宏亮,等.铬铁精矿球团烧结工艺与机理[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(5):1658.(ZHUDe-qing,XIONG Shou-an,ZHANG Hong-liang,et al.Pellet sintering process of chromite concentrate and mechanism of consolidation[J].Journal of Central South University:Natural Science,2010,41(5):1658.)
[25]Agarwal S,Pal J,Ghosh D.Development of chromite sinter from ultra-fine chromite ore by direct sintering[J].ISIJ International,2014,54(3):559.
[26]ZHU De-qing,YANG Cong-cong,PAN Jian,et al.An integrated approach for production of stainless steel master alloy from a low grade chromite concentrate[J].Powder Technology,2018,335:103.
[27]Pal J,Bandyopadhyay D,Singh D P,et al.A comparative study for smelting of chromite ore,pellets,briquettes and sinter[J].Mineral Processing Extractive Metallurgy(Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy:Section C),2008,117(3):129.
[28]Ahmed A,El-Fawakhry M K,Eissa M,et al.Direct chromite alloying by smelting reduction of mill scale and low grade chromite ore[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2015,42(9):648.
[29]Agarwal S,Pal J,Ghosh D.Smelting characteristics of fluxed chromite sinter and its performance assessment in electric arc furnace to produce high carbon ferrochrome[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2016,43(2):97.