硝化包埋菌颗粒氨吸附性能及动力学特性
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摘要
采用水性聚氨酯(WPU)和聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA)制作硝化污泥包埋菌颗粒,同时对比无污泥空白包埋菌颗粒,研究不同初始氨氮浓度、p H、温度、盐度等对包埋菌颗粒NH_4~+-N吸附性能的影响;通过吸附等温线、吸附热力学以及吸附动力学对包埋菌颗粒NH_4~+-N吸附过程进行解析.结果表明,硝化包埋菌颗粒的吸附容量大于空白包埋菌颗粒,WPU包埋菌颗粒的吸附容量高于PVA-SA;初始氨氮浓度升高,包埋菌颗粒的平衡吸附容量增大,同时随着时间的增长,吸附容量呈现先升高后降低最终逐渐达到平衡的过程;中性条件(p H=7)下包埋菌颗粒NH_4~+-N吸附性能最好,温度和盐度的升高抑制NH_4~+-N的吸附;热力学研究表明该吸附过程是一个放热的过程.吸附等温线显示包埋菌的NH_4~+-N吸附过程同时符合Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式,在高能量水平上显示为多层吸附,在低能量水平下显示为单层吸附;包埋菌的NH_4~+-N吸附过程符合Lagergren准二级动力学模型,表明NH_4~+-N与包埋菌颗粒表面存在化学基团的相互作用.
In order to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of ammonia adsorption by both nitrifying sludge waterborne polyurethane( WPU)-immobilized pellets and nitrifying sludge polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate( PVA-SA)-immobilized pellets,the ammonia adsorption characteristics of immobilized pellets under different initial ammonia concentrations, and the influences of temperature,p H,and salinity on ammonia adsorption were studied respectively. Moreover,the adsorption isotherms,thermodynamics,and kinetics model analysis were employed to investigate the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity increased as the initial ammonia concentration increased. The optimal p H was 7. 0,and salinity and temperature exhibited an inhibitory effect on adsorption.The adsorption capacity for nitrifying sludge-immobilized pellets was higher than the pellets with no sludge; the adsorption capacity of WPU pellets was higher than that of PVA-SA pellets. The thermodynamics demonstrated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process and that low temperature favored ammonia adsorption. The process was fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. It exhibited multilevel adsorption at higher energy( Freundlich isotherm) and single adsorption at lower energy by electrostatic force( Langmuir isotherm). Additionally,the process was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model,as it explained that chemical adsorption was the primary mechanism of ammonia adsorption by immobilized pellets.
In order to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of ammonia adsorption by both nitrifying sludge waterborne polyurethane( WPU)-immobilized pellets and nitrifying sludge polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate( PVA-SA)-immobilized pellets,the ammonia adsorption characteristics of immobilized pellets under different initial ammonia concentrations, and the influences of temperature,p H,and salinity on ammonia adsorption were studied respectively. Moreover,the adsorption isotherms,thermodynamics,and kinetics model analysis were employed to investigate the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity increased as the initial ammonia concentration increased. The optimal p H was 7. 0,and salinity and temperature exhibited an inhibitory effect on adsorption.The adsorption capacity for nitrifying sludge-immobilized pellets was higher than the pellets with no sludge; the adsorption capacity of WPU pellets was higher than that of PVA-SA pellets. The thermodynamics demonstrated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process and that low temperature favored ammonia adsorption. The process was fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. It exhibited multilevel adsorption at higher energy( Freundlich isotherm) and single adsorption at lower energy by electrostatic force( Langmuir isotherm). Additionally,the process was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model,as it explained that chemical adsorption was the primary mechanism of ammonia adsorption by immobilized pellets.
引文
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[2]许晓毅,张婷婷,尤晓露,等.包埋固定化硝化污泥处理氨氮废水的过程特性[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):2988-2996.Xu X Y,Zhang T T,You X L,et al. Process characteristics of ammonia wastewater treatment by embedded immobilized nitrifying sludge[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(10):2988-2996.
[3]于濛雨,刘毅,田玉斌,等.包埋氨氧化细菌短程硝化的高效稳定运行[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2925-2930.Yu M Y,Li Y,Tian Y B,et al. Efficient and stable operation of shortcut nitrification by entrapping ammonia oxidizing bacteria[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2925-2930.
[4] Zhang L S,Wu W Z,Wang J L. Immobilization of activated sludge using improved polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel[J]. Journal of Environmental Science,2007,19(11):1293-1297.
[5] Jeong D,Cho K,Lee C H,et al. Integration of forward osmosis process and a continuous airlift nitrifying bioreactor containing PVA/alginate-immobilized cells[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,306:1212-1222.
[6] Puig S, van Loosdrecht M C M, Colprim J, et al. Data evaluation of full-scale wastewater treatment plants by mass balance[J]. Water Research,2008,42(18):4645-4655.
[7]王昌稳,赵白航,李军,等.好氧颗粒污泥吸附氨氮性能[J].化工学报,2014,65(3):942-947.Wang C W,Zhao B H,Li J,et al. Performance of ammonia adsorption by aerobic granular sludge[J]. CIESC Journal,2014,65(3):942-947.
[8] Nielsen P H. Adsorption of ammonium to activated sludge[J].Water Research,1996,30(3):762-764.
[9] Schwitalla P, Mennerich A, Austermann-Haun U, et al.NH+4ad-/desorption in sequencing batch reactors:simulation,laboratory and full-scale studies[J]. Water Science&Technology,2008,58(2):345-350.
[10] Bassin J P,Pronk M,Kraan R,et al. Ammonium adsorption in aerobic granular sludge,activated sludge and anammox granules[J]. Water Research,2011,45(16):5257-5265.
[11]邓海亮,李军,陈光辉,等.水性聚氨酯(WPU)包埋活性污泥的亚硝化反应[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3496-3502.Deng H L,Li J,Chen G H,et al. Nitritation with immobilized active sludge by waterborne polyurethane(WPU)[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(7):3496-3502.
[12] Ali M,Oshiki M,Rathnayake L,et al. Rapid and successful start-up of anammox process by immobilizing the minimal quantity of biomass in PVA-SA gel beads[J]. Water Research,2017,79:147-157.
[13]陈光辉,李军,邓海亮,等.厌氧氨氧化污泥包埋固定化及其脱氮效能[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(4):612-620.Chen G H,Li J,Deng H L,et al. Nitrogen removal performance of immobilized anammox sludge[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(4):612-620.
[14]单晓静,于德爽,李津,等.海水优化ANAMMOX包埋固定化及其处理含海水污水的脱氮性能[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1677-1687.Shan X J,Yu D S,Li J,et al. Characteristics and performance of embedded anammox bacteria in treating saline wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1677-1687.
[15]国家环境保护局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989. 254-256.
[16] Muttalib N A, Harun A B, Vadivelu V M. Adsorption of ammonium using waste activated sludge from palm oil mill effluent treatment plant[J]. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues,2012,12(2):256-268.
[17]李芸,张彦灼,李军,等. ANAMMOX颗粒污泥吸附氨氮特性及其影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):741-750.Li Y,Zhang Y Z,Li J,et al. Characteristics and influence factors of ammonia adsorption by ANAMMOX granular sludge[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):741-750.
[18] Rodríguez-Iznaga I,Gómez A, Rodríguez-Fuentes G, et al.Natural clinoptilolite as an exchanger of Ni2+and NH+4ions under hydrothermal conditions and high ammonia concentration[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2002,53(1-3):71-80.
[19]张玉妹,韩乙萱,魏杰,等.碱改性净水污泥对水中氨氮的吸附效能研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2484-2490.Zhang Y M,Han Y X,Wei J,et al. Adsorption efficiency of alkali-modified water treatment sludge for ammonia nitrogen in water[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(10):2484-2490.
[20]兰雄. CIBR活性污泥对氨氮的吸附及氮平衡研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.Lan X. Study on adsorption of ammonium to activated sludge and mass balance of nitrogen in continuous-flow integrated biological reactor[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015.
[21] Karadag D,Tok S,Akgul E,et al. Ammonium removal from sanitary landfill leachate using natural G9rdes clinoptilolite[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,153(1-2):60-66.
[22] Lin Y M,Bassin J P,van Loosdrecht M C M. The contribution of exopolysaccharides induced struvites accumulation to ammonium adsorption in aerobic granular sludge[J]. Water Research,2012,46(4):986-992.
[23] Ahmad A A,Hameed B H. Reduction of COD and color of dyeing effluent from a cotton textile mill by adsorption onto bamboo-based activated carbon[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,172(2-3):1538-1543.
[24] Zhao Y F,Zhang B,Zhang X,et al. Preparation of highly ordered cubic Na A zeolite from halloysite mineral for adsorption of ammonium ions[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1-3):658-664.
[25] SaltalK,SarA,Aydn M. Removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solution by natural Turkish(Yldzeli)zeolite for environmental quality[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(1):258-263.
[26] Haghseresht E,Lu G Q. Adsorption characteristics of phenolic compounds onto coal-reject-derived adsorbents[J]. Energy&Fuels,1998,12(6):1100-1107.
[27] Horsfall Jr M,Abia A A,Spiff A I. Kinetic studies on the adsorption of Cd2+,Cu2+and Zn2+ions from aqueous solutions by cassava(Manihot sculenta cranz)tuber bark waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(2):283-291.
[28]吴云海,胡玥,谢正威. SBR活性污泥吸附水中重金属离子的研究[J].水资源保护,2010,26(5):71-74.Wu Y H,Hu Y,Xie Z W. Study on adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by SBR activated sludge[J]. Water Resources Protection,2010,26(5):71-74.
[29]范晓丹,洪惠,张襄楷.微波法再生污泥活性炭对水中重金属的吸附特性[J].净水技术,2015,34(3):41-44,54.Fan X D,Hong H,Zhang X K. Adsorption property of heavy metals in aqueous solution with regenerated activated carbon from sewage sludge by microwave method[J]. Water Purification Technology,2015,34(3):41-44,54.
[30] Weber W J,Morris J C. Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution[J]. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division,1963,83(2):31-60.
[31] Ho Y S,Mc Kay G. Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes[J]. Process Biochemistry,1999,34(5):451-465.