基于ASM2D的广州市城市污水水质特征及碳源构成研究
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摘要
城市污水处理厂提标改造的核心是生物高效脱氮除磷,而碳源是关键因素;充分利用碳源,既能提高脱氮除磷效率,又可节省投资。要提升污水处理工艺脱氮除磷效率的潜力,就有必要对城市污水的水质特征,特别是其中的碳源构成进行可靠的检测分析。文章分析了广州市2012—2016年18个季度的水质监测数据,并依据活性污泥数学模型ASM2D,采用膜过滤、曲线分析、差量计算等方法,获得了作为碳源的有机污染物COD的构成比例。结果表明,由于中心城区的功能趋同,广州市城市污水水质亦趋同,COD和BOD5没有显著性差异,进水COD质量浓度约为200 mg?L~(-1)左右,BOD5约为90 mg?L~(-1),可生化性稳定为0.47。在碳源构成中,溶解性COD稳定,均值为48.55 mg?L~(-1),其中可发酵的易生物降解有机物(SF)、发酵产物(SA)和惰性溶解性有机物(SI)分别为23.43、15.62和9.50 mg?L~(-1);颗粒性COD波动大,其中慢速可生物降解有机物(XS)占总COD的43.76%,根据可利用碳源计算的碳氮比和碳磷比分别达到5.57和61.19,相比传统水质指标提高20%以上,具有较大的生物高效脱氮除磷潜力,慢速可生物降解有机物是实现这一潜力的关键。研究结果可为广州市城市污水厂设计、改造、运营提供依据;结合计算机模拟技术,采用多点进水和多种回流,有助于充分利用碳源,提升活性污泥工艺的脱氮除磷效率。
High-efficient removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus biologically is core to upgrade and reconstruct urban wastewater treatment plant while carbon source is the key factor. It is a sustainable optimization for wastewater treatment process to make full use of carbon source which could result in both increased removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and investment saving. It is necessary to analyze the characteristics of south urban sewage quality, especially the composition of carbon source. Guangzhou urban sewage water quality monitoring data of 18 quarters during year 2012—2016 are analyzed. Based on ASM2D, methods such as membrane filtration, curve analysis and difference calculation are used to estimate the components of COD usually as carbon source. Results show that the water quality of Guangzhou urban sewage tends to be similar since the functions of center urban areas tend to be similar. Both COD and BOD5 have no significant difference. The COD and BOD5 of influent are respectively around 200 mg?L~(-1) and 90 mg?L~(-1). Biodegradability is stable of 0.47. Among the carbon sources, soluble COD is stable of 48.55 mg?L~(-1) of which fermentable, readily biodegradable organic substrates(SF), fermentation products(SA) and inert soluble organic material(SI) are respectively 23.43, 15.62 and 9.50 mg?L~(-1). The particulate COD is in sharp fluctuation. In the particulate COD, slowly biodegradable substrates(X_H) take 43.76% of total COD. Furthermore, both carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio, calculated based on available carbon source, increase more than 20% compared with the conventional way, so high-efficient removal of nitrogen and phosphorus biologically could be achieved while slowly biodegradable substrates play the key role. This research can provide the basis for design, renovation and operation of urban sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou. Combined with computer simulation, multi-site feeding and multiple flow returning can be employed to make the best of carbon source to promote efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by activated sludge process.
High-efficient removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus biologically is core to upgrade and reconstruct urban wastewater treatment plant while carbon source is the key factor. It is a sustainable optimization for wastewater treatment process to make full use of carbon source which could result in both increased removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and investment saving. It is necessary to analyze the characteristics of south urban sewage quality, especially the composition of carbon source. Guangzhou urban sewage water quality monitoring data of 18 quarters during year 2012—2016 are analyzed. Based on ASM2D, methods such as membrane filtration, curve analysis and difference calculation are used to estimate the components of COD usually as carbon source. Results show that the water quality of Guangzhou urban sewage tends to be similar since the functions of center urban areas tend to be similar. Both COD and BOD5 have no significant difference. The COD and BOD5 of influent are respectively around 200 mg?L~(-1) and 90 mg?L~(-1). Biodegradability is stable of 0.47. Among the carbon sources, soluble COD is stable of 48.55 mg?L~(-1) of which fermentable, readily biodegradable organic substrates(SF), fermentation products(SA) and inert soluble organic material(SI) are respectively 23.43, 15.62 and 9.50 mg?L~(-1). The particulate COD is in sharp fluctuation. In the particulate COD, slowly biodegradable substrates(X_H) take 43.76% of total COD. Furthermore, both carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio, calculated based on available carbon source, increase more than 20% compared with the conventional way, so high-efficient removal of nitrogen and phosphorus biologically could be achieved while slowly biodegradable substrates play the key role. This research can provide the basis for design, renovation and operation of urban sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou. Combined with computer simulation, multi-site feeding and multiple flow returning can be employed to make the best of carbon source to promote efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by activated sludge process.
引文
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陈东宇,周少奇.2012.广州城市污水水质及不同状况下A-A2/O工艺运行研究[D].广州:华南理工大学:15--29.
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刘祥,何成达,刘雯,等.2015.原水碳源分子量分布及DPB效能对酸化时间的响应[J].中国环境科学,35(3):797-803.
汪传新,马斌,李捷.2015.MBR城市污水处理厂生物脱氮升级改造研究[J].环境科学与技术,38(6):129-131.
游佳,陈轶.2016.增强城市污水处理生物脱氮能力的若干技术措施.给水排水[J].42(2):37-41.
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张智,李柏林,相欣奕,等.2012.处理低温低碳源城市污水的A/A/O氧化沟工艺脱氮运行工况优化[J].环境工程学报,6(8):2565-2570.
周慧华.2014.城市污水处理厂A2O运行问题分析及解决方法[J].水处理技术,40(7):129-133.
邹宗森,施汉昌,陈向强,等.2014.生物滤池工艺的数值模拟与运行优化[J].环境科学,35(12):4627-4635.
GUERRERO J,GUISASOLA A,BAEZA J A.2015.Controlled crude glycerol dosage to prevent EBPR failures in C/N/P removal WWTPs[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,271:114-127.
KATSOYIANNIS A,SAMARA1 C.2007.The Fate of Dissolved Organic Carbon(DOC)in the Wastewater Treatment Process and its Importance in the Removal of Wastewater Contaminants[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,14(5):284-292.
SEMERCI N,HASILCI N B.2016.Fate of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a post-anoxic system treating low strength wastewater[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,108:166-174.
WANG Q B,CHEN Q W,CHEN J.2017.Optimizing external carbon source addition in domestics wastewater treatment based on online sensoring data and a numerical model[J].Water Science&Technology,75(11):2716-2725.
ZHANG S H,HUANG Z J,LU S J,et al.2017.Nutrients removal and bacterial community structure for low C/N municipal wastewater using a modified anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(m A2/O)process in North China[J].Bioresource Technology,243:975-985.
陈爱朝,王海峰,周继,等.2016.七格污水处理厂提标改造工程设计[J].中国给水排水,32(24):118-121.
陈东宇,周少奇.2012.广州城市污水水质及不同状况下A-A2/O工艺运行研究[D].广州:华南理工大学:15--29.
付国楷,张春玲,喻晓琴,等.2012.低碳源城市污水厂碳源优化利用运行模式研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),39(8):62-66.
金鹏康,常晋,王先宝,等.2014.不同碳源在污水处理过程中的变化规律研究[J].环境科学,35(9):3443-3448.
刘祥,何成达,刘雯,等.2015.原水碳源分子量分布及DPB效能对酸化时间的响应[J].中国环境科学,35(3):797-803.
汪传新,马斌,李捷.2015.MBR城市污水处理厂生物脱氮升级改造研究[J].环境科学与技术,38(6):129-131.
游佳,陈轶.2016.增强城市污水处理生物脱氮能力的若干技术措施.给水排水[J].42(2):37-41.
张亚雷,李咏梅译.2002.活性污泥数学模型(国际水协废水生物处理设计与运行数学模型课题组著)[M].上海:同济大学出版社.
张智,李柏林,相欣奕,等.2012.处理低温低碳源城市污水的A/A/O氧化沟工艺脱氮运行工况优化[J].环境工程学报,6(8):2565-2570.
周慧华.2014.城市污水处理厂A2O运行问题分析及解决方法[J].水处理技术,40(7):129-133.
邹宗森,施汉昌,陈向强,等.2014.生物滤池工艺的数值模拟与运行优化[J].环境科学,35(12):4627-4635.