氯化镁溶液对镉污染土壤的淋洗修复研究
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摘要
以氯化镁(MgCl_2)溶液为淋洗剂,对镉污染土壤进行了淋洗修复,考察了MgCl_2溶液浓度、洗涤时间、土液比(土壤质量与淋洗剂体积比,g∶mL)、洗涤温度、MgCl_2溶液pH值和土壤中Cd~(2+)浓度对淋洗效率的影响。结果表明:在室温(～20℃)、MgCl_2溶液浓度为1 mol·L~(-1)、土液比为1∶20、洗涤时间为60 min时,对100 mg·kg~(-1)镉污染土壤的洗脱率达到69.54%。Cd~(2+)洗脱率随洗涤温度的升高而升高,60℃时Cd~(2+)洗脱率达到80.94%;低的MgCl_2溶液pH值更有利于Cd~(2+)洗脱;对不同浓度(10～400 mg·kg~(-1))的镉污染土壤的洗脱率均达到60%以上。洗脱液经氨水沉淀后,可以有效去除溶液中的Cd~(2+)。使用MgCl_2溶液淋洗修复重金属污染土壤具有洗脱率高、成本低、环境友好和易于后处理等优点,是一种有前景的重金属污染土壤修复技术。
Using magnesium chloride(MgCl_2) solution as an eluent,we studied the washing remediation of Cd-contaminated soil,and investigated the effects of MgCl_2 solution concentration,washing time,soil-solution ratio(ratio of soil mass and eluent volume,g∶mL),washing temperature,pH value of MgCl_2 solution,and Cd~(2+) concentration in the soil on washing efficiency.The results show that the removal rate of Cd~(2+) in 100 mg·kg~(-1) Cd-contaminated soil reaches 69.54% under the conditions as follows:the washing temperature of about 20 ℃,the MgCl_2 solution concentration of 1 mol·L~(-1),the soil-solution ratio of 1∶20,and the washing time of 60 min.Moreover,the removal rate of Cd~(2+) increases with the increase of the washing temperature,and the removal rate of Cd~(2+) reaches 80.94% at 60 ℃.Besides,low pH value is more beneficial to the removal of Cd~(2+).The removal rate of Cd~(2+) in the Cd-contaminated soil with the concentration of 10-400 mg·kg~(-1) is higher than 60%.Furthermore,the Cd~(2+) in the solution can be effectively removed after the eluent is precipitated by ammonia water.The washing remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by MgCl_2 solution has the advantages of high removal rate,low cost,being environment-friendly,and easy post-treatment,which is a promising remediation technology for heavy metal-contaminated soil.
Using magnesium chloride(MgCl_2) solution as an eluent,we studied the washing remediation of Cd-contaminated soil,and investigated the effects of MgCl_2 solution concentration,washing time,soil-solution ratio(ratio of soil mass and eluent volume,g∶mL),washing temperature,pH value of MgCl_2 solution,and Cd~(2+) concentration in the soil on washing efficiency.The results show that the removal rate of Cd~(2+) in 100 mg·kg~(-1) Cd-contaminated soil reaches 69.54% under the conditions as follows:the washing temperature of about 20 ℃,the MgCl_2 solution concentration of 1 mol·L~(-1),the soil-solution ratio of 1∶20,and the washing time of 60 min.Moreover,the removal rate of Cd~(2+) increases with the increase of the washing temperature,and the removal rate of Cd~(2+) reaches 80.94% at 60 ℃.Besides,low pH value is more beneficial to the removal of Cd~(2+).The removal rate of Cd~(2+) in the Cd-contaminated soil with the concentration of 10-400 mg·kg~(-1) is higher than 60%.Furthermore,the Cd~(2+) in the solution can be effectively removed after the eluent is precipitated by ammonia water.The washing remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by MgCl_2 solution has the advantages of high removal rate,low cost,being environment-friendly,and easy post-treatment,which is a promising remediation technology for heavy metal-contaminated soil.
引文
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[24] PANG F M,TENG S P,TENG T T,et al.Heavy metals removal by hydroxide precipitation and coagulation-flocculation methods from aqueous solutions[J].Water Quality Research Journal of Canada,2009,44(2):174-182.
[2] ZHAI X,LI Z,HUANG B,et al.Remediation of multiple heavy metal-contaminated soil through the combination of soil washing and in situ immobilization[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,635:92-99.
[3] SATARUG S,BAKER J R,URBENJAPOL S,et al.A global perspective on cadmium pollution and toxicity in non-occupationally exposed population[J].Toxicology Letters,2003,137(1/2):65-83.
[4] CAO Y,ZHANG S,WANG G,et al.Enhancing the soil heavy metals removal efficiency by adding HPMA and PBTCA along with plant washing agents[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,339:33-42.
[5] WANFG H,JIA Y,WANG S,et al.Bioavailability of cadmium adsorbed on various oxides minerals to wetland plant species Phragmites australis[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,167(1/2/3):641-646.
[6] 环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].2014.
[7] YANG P,LI X,TONG Z,et al.Use of flue gas desulfurization gypsum for leaching Cd and Pb in reclaimed tidal flat soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(8):7840-7848.
[8] YANG Z,DONG C,CHEN C,et al.Using poly-glutamic acid as soil-washing agent to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(6):5231-5242.
[9] WANG Y,XU Y,LI D,et al.Vermicompost and biochar as bio-conditioners to immobilize heavy metal and improve soil fertility on cadmium contaminated soil under acid rain stress[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:1057-1065.
[10] ZHOU J,CHENG K,ZHENG J,et al.Physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora in response to Cu- and Cd-contaminated soil[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,2019,230(1):15.
[11] TAMPOURIS S,PAPASSIOPI N,PASPALIARIS I.Removal of contaminant metals from fine grained soils,using agglomeration,chloride solutions and pile leaching techniques[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2001,84(1/2/3):297-319.
[12] DERMONT G,BERGERON M,MERCIER G,et al.Soil washing for metal removal:a review of physical/chemical technologies and field applications[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(1):1-31.
[13] GUO X,WEI Z,WU Q,et al.Effect of soil washing with only chelators or combining with ferric chloride on soil heavy metal removal and phytoavailability:field experiments[J].Chemosphere,2016,147:412-419.
[14] MAKINO T,KAMIYA T,TAKANO H,et al.Remediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy soils by washing with calcium chloride:verification of on-site washing[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,147(1):112-119.
[15] WALTER E.Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition;comparison with other methods[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1974,44(1):242-248.
[16] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:85-96.
[17] MAKINO T,SUGAHARA K,SAKURAI Y,et al.Remediation of cadmium contamination in paddy soils by washing with chemicals:selection of washing chemicals[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,144(1):2-10.
[18] CUNDY A B,HOPKINSON L,WHITBY R L D.Use of iron-based technologies in contaminated land and groundwater remediation:a review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,400(1/2/3):42-51.
[19] LEE S,LALDAWNGLIANA C,TIWARI D.Iron oxide nano-particles-immobilized-sand material in the treatment of Cu(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) contaminated waste waters[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,195-196:103-111.
[20] XIONG C,WANG W,TAN F,et al.Investigation on the efficiency and mechanism of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solutions using MgO nanoparticles[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,299:664-674.
[21] KOLODYNSKA D.The biodegradable complexing agents as an alternative to chelators in sorption of heavy metal ions[J].Desalination & Water Treatment,2010(16):146-155.
[22] GHERASIM C,MIKULASEK P.Influence of operating variables on the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration[J].Desalination,2014,343:67-74.
[23] JUNG J,YANG J,KIM S,et al.Feasibility of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration(MEUF) or the heavy metal removal in soil washing effluent[J].Desalination,2008,222(1/2/3):202-211.
[24] PANG F M,TENG S P,TENG T T,et al.Heavy metals removal by hydroxide precipitation and coagulation-flocculation methods from aqueous solutions[J].Water Quality Research Journal of Canada,2009,44(2):174-182.