橡胶砂垫层在不同类别场地上的减震效应研究
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摘要
橡胶砂(RSM)垫层减震是一种适用于低层房屋的低成本减震方法,关于场地类别对其减震效应影响的研究尚未开展。采用简化的层间剪切模型模拟减震垫层-上部结构动力相互作用体系,建立了RSM垫层"减震地基"分析模型。针对30%配比的橡胶砂,考虑3种垫层厚度200 mm/300 mm/500 mm、4种基底压力50 kPa～300 kPa,基于对取自于不同场地类别的195条地震波的刚性地基反应谱和RSM垫层"减震地基"反应谱的分析对比,得到以下结论:(1)RSM垫层的减震效应受场地类别的影响,场地卓越周期越短,减震效应越好;(2)RSM垫层厚度越大,减震效应越好,但当垫层厚度达到500 mm时,减震性能鲁棒性变差,且这种鲁棒性的劣化与场地类别无关;(3)各种场地类别地震波作用下,RSM垫层减震效应均随输入地震加速度和基底应力的增大而增加,但随着前者的增加,后者的影响减小。
Rubber sand mixture(RSM) cushion is suitable for isolating low rise buildings with very low cost. To date how the isolation effect of RSM cushion is affected by the site category on has not been recognized. The RSM cushion-upper structure dynamic interaction system, which called "isolation foundation" system, is simplified into story shear model for theoretical analysis. Rubber content of the RSM studied here is 30 percent with rubber mass. Three kinds of cushion thickness, 200 mm/300 mm/500 mm, as well as four kinds of foundation pressure from 50 kPa to 300 kPa are taken into accounted during studying. Based on the comparison of the dynamic coefficient spectrums between rigid foundation and "isolation foundation" under 195 earthquake waves adopted from different sites, it is indicated that:(1) The isolation effect of RSM cushion is indeed affected by site classification, and the isolation effect decrease with the site's predominant period.(2) The isolation effect of RSM cushion increase with the cushion thickness, but the robustness of the isolation performance of RSM cushion becomes worse when the thickness of the cushion is up to 500 mm, and the deterioration of the robustness is independent of site category.(3) The isolation effect of the RSM cushion increases with both of the input seismic acceleration and the foundation pressure, and the influence of the latter is reduced by the increase of the former.
Rubber sand mixture(RSM) cushion is suitable for isolating low rise buildings with very low cost. To date how the isolation effect of RSM cushion is affected by the site category on has not been recognized. The RSM cushion-upper structure dynamic interaction system, which called "isolation foundation" system, is simplified into story shear model for theoretical analysis. Rubber content of the RSM studied here is 30 percent with rubber mass. Three kinds of cushion thickness, 200 mm/300 mm/500 mm, as well as four kinds of foundation pressure from 50 kPa to 300 kPa are taken into accounted during studying. Based on the comparison of the dynamic coefficient spectrums between rigid foundation and "isolation foundation" under 195 earthquake waves adopted from different sites, it is indicated that:(1) The isolation effect of RSM cushion is indeed affected by site classification, and the isolation effect decrease with the site's predominant period.(2) The isolation effect of RSM cushion increase with the cushion thickness, but the robustness of the isolation performance of RSM cushion becomes worse when the thickness of the cushion is up to 500 mm, and the deterioration of the robustness is independent of site category.(3) The isolation effect of the RSM cushion increases with both of the input seismic acceleration and the foundation pressure, and the influence of the latter is reduced by the increase of the former.
引文
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[4] 刘斯宏, 高军军, 王艳巧. 土工袋减振隔振机制分析及试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2015, 36(2):325-332.LIU Sihong, GAO Junjun, WANG Yanqiao. Mechanism analysis and experimental study of vibration reduction and isolation effect of geotextile bag[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(2):325-332. (in Chinese)
[5] 田原源, 熊峰. 废旧轮胎垫隔震层的拟静力实验研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2014, 34(3):191-196.TIAN Yuanyuan, XIONG Feng. Research on seismic behavior of Scrap Tire Seismic Isolation Pads( STP) by periodical quasi-static test[J]. Earthquae Engineering and Egineering Dynamics, 2014, 34(3):191-196. (in Chinese)
[6] 谭平, 徐凯, 王斌, 等. 基于新型简易隔震支座的村镇建筑隔震性能研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2013, 46(5) : 64-70.TAN Ping, XU Kai, WANG Bin, et al. Performance study of isolated rural buildings using novel simple isolators[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46(5) : 64-70. (in Chinese)
[7] 马艳, 王社良, 刘军生, 等. 新型摩擦滑移隔震模型地震反应分析[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版, 2014, 46(5): 692-700.MA Yan, WANG Sheliang, LIU Junsheng, et al. Seismic response analysis of a new friction sliding model[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology: Natural Science Edition, 2014, 46(5): 692-700. (in Chinese)
[8] 史庆轩, 戎羽中, 王秋维, 等. 村镇建筑砌体结构滑移隔震性能研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2014, 9(4): 891-897.SHI Qingxuan, RONG Yuzhong, WANG Qiuwei, et al. Research on Sliding Isolation Property of Rural Masonry Structures[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2014, 9(4): 891-897. (in Chinese)
[9] 曹万林, 戴租远, 叶炜, 等. 村镇建筑低成本隔震技术研究现状与展望[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(6): 38-46.CAO Wanlin, DAI Zuyuan, YE Wei, et al. Research and prospect of low-cost isolation techniques for rural buildings[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(6): 38-46. (in Chinese)
[10] Feng Z Y, Sutter K G. Dynamic Properties of Granulated Rubber-Sand Mixtures [J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2000, 23(3):338-344.
[11] 尚守平, 岁小溪, 周志锦, 等. 橡胶颗粒-砂混合物动剪切模量的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(2): 377-381.SHANG Shouping, SUI Xiaoxi, ZHOU Zhijin, et al. Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus of rubber-sand mixtures[J]. Soil and Rock, 2010, 31(2): 377-381.(in Chinese)
[12] Senetakis K, Anastasiadis A, Pitilakis K. Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubber (GRM)mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2012, 33: 38-53.
[13] Anbazhagan P, Mamatha M, Soumyashree P, et al. Laboratory characterization of tyre crumbs soil mixture for developing low cost damping materials[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 2011, 4(6):63-66.
[14] Nakhaee A , Marandi S M. Reducing the forces caused by earthquake on retaining walls using granulated rubber-soil mixture[J]. IJE Transaction B: Applications, 2011, 24(4): 337-350.
[15] 刘方成, 陈璐, 王海东. 橡胶砂动剪模量和阻尼比循环单剪试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 36(7):1903-1913.LIU Fangcheng, CHEN Lu, WANG Haidong . Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of sand-rubber mixture by cyclic simple shear test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 36(7):1903-1913. (in Chinese)
[16] 刘方成, 杨峻, 王海东. 大应变下干燥橡胶砂动力特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(增刊2): 4265-4278.LIU Fangcheng, YANG Jun, WANG Haidong . Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of dry rubber-sand mixture at large strains[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(S2): 4265-4278. (in Chinese)
[17] 刘方成, 吴孟桃, 陈巨龙, 等. 土工格室加筋对橡胶砂动力特性影响的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(9): 1616-1625.LIU Fangcheng WU Mengtao CHEN Julong, et al. Experimental study on influence of geo-cell reinforcement on dynamic properties of rubber-sand mixtures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(9): 1616-1625. (in Chinese)
[18] Saman Y S, Mona R. Effect of seismic isolation by rubber soil mixture on seismic demand of steel moment frame in near fault area[J].Structure and Steel, 2012, 7(10): 41-60.
[19] Abdelhaleem A M, El-Sherbiny R M, Lotfy H, et al. Evaluation of rubber/sand mixtures as replacement soils to mitigate earthquake induced ground motions[R]. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013, 3163-3166.
[20] Tsang H H. Seismic isolation by rubber-soil mixtures for developing countries [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 2007, 37(7): 283-303.
[21] Tsang H H, Lo S H, Xu X, Sheikh M N.Seismic isolation for low-to-medium-rise buildings using granulated rubber–soil mixtures: numerical study[J]. Earthquake Engneering and Structure Dynamics, 2012, 41: 2009-2024.
[22] Pitilakis K, Karapetrou S, Tsagdi K. Numerical investigation of the seismic response of RC buildings on soil replaced with rubber-sand mixtures[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2015, 79: 237-252.
[23] BRUNET S, DE LA LLERA J C, KAUSEL E. Non-linear modeling of seismic isolation systems made of recycled tire-rubber [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2016(85): 134-145.
[24] 刘方成, 任东滨, 刘娜, 等. 土工格室加筋橡胶砂垫层隔震效果数值分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2015(增刊1):109-118. LIU Fangcheng, REN Dongbin, LIU Na, et al. Numerical analysis of isolating effect of geo-cell reinforced rubber sand mixture cushion[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2015(S1):109-118. (in Chinese)
[25] 岁小溪. 橡胶颗粒-砂混合物的隔震性能研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2009. SUI Xiaoxi. The Study on Seismic Isolation Performance of Granulated Rubber-Sand Mixture[D]. Changsha: Master Dissertation of Hunan University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[26] 熊伟, 曾庆豪, 尚守平, 等. 新型岩土隔震系统试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2010,31(增刊2): 39-45. XIONG Wei,ZENG Qinghao,SHANG Shouping, et al. Experimental study on innovative geotechnical seismic isolation system[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2010,31(S2): 39-45. (in Chinese)
[27] 施建波, 王晴晴, 王梦园, 等. 砂与橡胶粒隔震垫层的地震响应研究[J]. 建筑结构, 2014(6):90-92. SHI Jianbo,WANG Qingqing,WANG Mengyuan.et.al. Seismic response research of the sand and rubber particle vibration isolation cushion[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2014(6):90-92. (in Chinese)
[28] 刘方成, 张永富, 周亚栋. 土工格室加筋橡胶砂垫层隔震试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2016, 37(增刊1):93-100. LIU Fangcheng, ZHANG Yongfu, ZHOU Yadong. Experimental study on isolating performance of geo-cell reinforced rubber-sand mixture cushion[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2016, 37(S1):93-100. (in Chinese)
[29] 尚守平, 刘方成, 王海东. 基于阻尼的地震循环荷载作用下黏土非线性模型[J]. 土木工程学报, 2007, 40(3):74-82.SHANG Shou Ping, LIU Fangcheng, WANG Haidong. Nonlinear model based on damping ratio for clay under seismic c loading[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40(3):74-82. (in Chinese)
[30] 刘方成, 张永富, 任东滨. 橡胶砂应力-应变特性三轴-单剪联合试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 37(10): 2769- 2779. LIU Fangcheng, ZHANG Yongfu, REN Dongbin. Stress-strain characteristics of rubber-sand mixtures in united triaxial shear and simple shear tests[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 37(10):2769-2779. (in Chinese)
[31] Edil T B, Bosscher P J. Engineering properties of tire chips and soil mixtures[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal, 1994, 17(4):453–464
[32] 郑玉风. 土工加筋橡胶砂复合垫层减震振动台试验研究[D]. 长沙:湖南工业大学, 2018. ZHENG Yufeng. Shaking table tests on isolation effects of geotechnical reinforced rubber sand composite cushion[D]. Changsha: Hunan University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
[2] 窦远明, 刘晓立, 赵少伟, 等. 砂垫层隔震性能的试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2005, 26(1):125-128.DOU Yuanming, LIU Xiaoli, ZHAO Shaowei, et al.,An experimental study of isolating properties of sand cushion[J], Journal of Building Structures, 2005, 26(1):125-128. (in Chinese)
[3] 尚守平, 姚菲, 刘可. 一种新型隔震层的构造及其振动台试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2011, 44(2): 36-41.SHANG Shouping, YAO Fei, LIU Ke. Study of the structure of a new type of isolation layer and shaking table test[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2011, 44(2): 36-41. (in Chinese)
[4] 刘斯宏, 高军军, 王艳巧. 土工袋减振隔振机制分析及试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2015, 36(2):325-332.LIU Sihong, GAO Junjun, WANG Yanqiao. Mechanism analysis and experimental study of vibration reduction and isolation effect of geotextile bag[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(2):325-332. (in Chinese)
[5] 田原源, 熊峰. 废旧轮胎垫隔震层的拟静力实验研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2014, 34(3):191-196.TIAN Yuanyuan, XIONG Feng. Research on seismic behavior of Scrap Tire Seismic Isolation Pads( STP) by periodical quasi-static test[J]. Earthquae Engineering and Egineering Dynamics, 2014, 34(3):191-196. (in Chinese)
[6] 谭平, 徐凯, 王斌, 等. 基于新型简易隔震支座的村镇建筑隔震性能研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2013, 46(5) : 64-70.TAN Ping, XU Kai, WANG Bin, et al. Performance study of isolated rural buildings using novel simple isolators[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46(5) : 64-70. (in Chinese)
[7] 马艳, 王社良, 刘军生, 等. 新型摩擦滑移隔震模型地震反应分析[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版, 2014, 46(5): 692-700.MA Yan, WANG Sheliang, LIU Junsheng, et al. Seismic response analysis of a new friction sliding model[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology: Natural Science Edition, 2014, 46(5): 692-700. (in Chinese)
[8] 史庆轩, 戎羽中, 王秋维, 等. 村镇建筑砌体结构滑移隔震性能研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2014, 9(4): 891-897.SHI Qingxuan, RONG Yuzhong, WANG Qiuwei, et al. Research on Sliding Isolation Property of Rural Masonry Structures[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2014, 9(4): 891-897. (in Chinese)
[9] 曹万林, 戴租远, 叶炜, 等. 村镇建筑低成本隔震技术研究现状与展望[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(6): 38-46.CAO Wanlin, DAI Zuyuan, YE Wei, et al. Research and prospect of low-cost isolation techniques for rural buildings[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(6): 38-46. (in Chinese)
[10] Feng Z Y, Sutter K G. Dynamic Properties of Granulated Rubber-Sand Mixtures [J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2000, 23(3):338-344.
[11] 尚守平, 岁小溪, 周志锦, 等. 橡胶颗粒-砂混合物动剪切模量的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(2): 377-381.SHANG Shouping, SUI Xiaoxi, ZHOU Zhijin, et al. Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus of rubber-sand mixtures[J]. Soil and Rock, 2010, 31(2): 377-381.(in Chinese)
[12] Senetakis K, Anastasiadis A, Pitilakis K. Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubber (GRM)mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2012, 33: 38-53.
[13] Anbazhagan P, Mamatha M, Soumyashree P, et al. Laboratory characterization of tyre crumbs soil mixture for developing low cost damping materials[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 2011, 4(6):63-66.
[14] Nakhaee A , Marandi S M. Reducing the forces caused by earthquake on retaining walls using granulated rubber-soil mixture[J]. IJE Transaction B: Applications, 2011, 24(4): 337-350.
[15] 刘方成, 陈璐, 王海东. 橡胶砂动剪模量和阻尼比循环单剪试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 36(7):1903-1913.LIU Fangcheng, CHEN Lu, WANG Haidong . Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of sand-rubber mixture by cyclic simple shear test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 36(7):1903-1913. (in Chinese)
[16] 刘方成, 杨峻, 王海东. 大应变下干燥橡胶砂动力特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(增刊2): 4265-4278.LIU Fangcheng, YANG Jun, WANG Haidong . Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of dry rubber-sand mixture at large strains[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(S2): 4265-4278. (in Chinese)
[17] 刘方成, 吴孟桃, 陈巨龙, 等. 土工格室加筋对橡胶砂动力特性影响的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(9): 1616-1625.LIU Fangcheng WU Mengtao CHEN Julong, et al. Experimental study on influence of geo-cell reinforcement on dynamic properties of rubber-sand mixtures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(9): 1616-1625. (in Chinese)
[18] Saman Y S, Mona R. Effect of seismic isolation by rubber soil mixture on seismic demand of steel moment frame in near fault area[J].Structure and Steel, 2012, 7(10): 41-60.
[19] Abdelhaleem A M, El-Sherbiny R M, Lotfy H, et al. Evaluation of rubber/sand mixtures as replacement soils to mitigate earthquake induced ground motions[R]. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013, 3163-3166.
[20] Tsang H H. Seismic isolation by rubber-soil mixtures for developing countries [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 2007, 37(7): 283-303.
[21] Tsang H H, Lo S H, Xu X, Sheikh M N.Seismic isolation for low-to-medium-rise buildings using granulated rubber–soil mixtures: numerical study[J]. Earthquake Engneering and Structure Dynamics, 2012, 41: 2009-2024.
[22] Pitilakis K, Karapetrou S, Tsagdi K. Numerical investigation of the seismic response of RC buildings on soil replaced with rubber-sand mixtures[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2015, 79: 237-252.
[23] BRUNET S, DE LA LLERA J C, KAUSEL E. Non-linear modeling of seismic isolation systems made of recycled tire-rubber [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2016(85): 134-145.
[24] 刘方成, 任东滨, 刘娜, 等. 土工格室加筋橡胶砂垫层隔震效果数值分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2015(增刊1):109-118. LIU Fangcheng, REN Dongbin, LIU Na, et al. Numerical analysis of isolating effect of geo-cell reinforced rubber sand mixture cushion[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2015(S1):109-118. (in Chinese)
[25] 岁小溪. 橡胶颗粒-砂混合物的隔震性能研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2009. SUI Xiaoxi. The Study on Seismic Isolation Performance of Granulated Rubber-Sand Mixture[D]. Changsha: Master Dissertation of Hunan University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[26] 熊伟, 曾庆豪, 尚守平, 等. 新型岩土隔震系统试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2010,31(增刊2): 39-45. XIONG Wei,ZENG Qinghao,SHANG Shouping, et al. Experimental study on innovative geotechnical seismic isolation system[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2010,31(S2): 39-45. (in Chinese)
[27] 施建波, 王晴晴, 王梦园, 等. 砂与橡胶粒隔震垫层的地震响应研究[J]. 建筑结构, 2014(6):90-92. SHI Jianbo,WANG Qingqing,WANG Mengyuan.et.al. Seismic response research of the sand and rubber particle vibration isolation cushion[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2014(6):90-92. (in Chinese)
[28] 刘方成, 张永富, 周亚栋. 土工格室加筋橡胶砂垫层隔震试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2016, 37(增刊1):93-100. LIU Fangcheng, ZHANG Yongfu, ZHOU Yadong. Experimental study on isolating performance of geo-cell reinforced rubber-sand mixture cushion[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2016, 37(S1):93-100. (in Chinese)
[29] 尚守平, 刘方成, 王海东. 基于阻尼的地震循环荷载作用下黏土非线性模型[J]. 土木工程学报, 2007, 40(3):74-82.SHANG Shou Ping, LIU Fangcheng, WANG Haidong. Nonlinear model based on damping ratio for clay under seismic c loading[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40(3):74-82. (in Chinese)
[30] 刘方成, 张永富, 任东滨. 橡胶砂应力-应变特性三轴-单剪联合试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 37(10): 2769- 2779. LIU Fangcheng, ZHANG Yongfu, REN Dongbin. Stress-strain characteristics of rubber-sand mixtures in united triaxial shear and simple shear tests[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 37(10):2769-2779. (in Chinese)
[31] Edil T B, Bosscher P J. Engineering properties of tire chips and soil mixtures[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal, 1994, 17(4):453–464
[32] 郑玉风. 土工加筋橡胶砂复合垫层减震振动台试验研究[D]. 长沙:湖南工业大学, 2018. ZHENG Yufeng. Shaking table tests on isolation effects of geotechnical reinforced rubber sand composite cushion[D]. Changsha: Hunan University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)