鲤鱼营养需要研究进展
|
摘要
鲤鱼是我国重要的淡水养殖品种,自20世纪70年代国际上开始鲤鱼营养需求研究,到目前,关于鲤鱼的多数营养素的需要量已经阐明,但多数是针对小于10 g幼鱼阶段,大规格阶段还研究较少。本文综述了鲤鱼能量、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、脂肪酸、矿物质、维生素营养研究进展,可为鲤鱼的营养需要研究提供参考,为鲤鱼饲料配制提供科学依据。
Common carp(Cyprinus Carpio) is an important freshwater culture species, the study of Cyprinus Carpio nutrition began in the seventies of the last century in the world, up to the present, most of nutrition requirements of common carp were elucidated, but most of the research focused on the juvenile stage of less than 10 grams, there is less research on the large weight stage. This paper reviews the research progress in energy, protein, amino acids, fat, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins nutrition of carp, it can be used as a reference for the study of nutrition requirement of carp, and provide scientific basis for the feed of carp.
Common carp(Cyprinus Carpio) is an important freshwater culture species, the study of Cyprinus Carpio nutrition began in the seventies of the last century in the world, up to the present, most of nutrition requirements of common carp were elucidated, but most of the research focused on the juvenile stage of less than 10 grams, there is less research on the large weight stage. This paper reviews the research progress in energy, protein, amino acids, fat, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins nutrition of carp, it can be used as a reference for the study of nutrition requirement of carp, and provide scientific basis for the feed of carp.
引文
[1]Adel M,Gholaghaie M,Khanjany P,et al.Effect of dietary soybean lecithin on growth parameters,digestive enzyme activity,antioxidative status and mucosal immune responses of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2017,23:1145-1152.
[2]Antony Jesu Prabhu P,Johan W.Schrama,Sadasivam J.Kaushik.Mineral requirements of fish:a systematic review[J].Reviews in Aquaculture,2016(8):172-219.
[3]Arafat Rajab Ahmed.The effect of dietary chromium(III)on growth and carbohydrate utilization in mirror and common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[D].Portland Square:University of Plymouth,2012.
[4]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Requirement of young carp for vitamin A[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1968,34:959-964.
[5]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Water-soluble vitamin requirements for carp.6.Requirements for thiamin and effects of antithiamins[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1969,35:459-465.
[6]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.1.Requirement for vitamin B2[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967a,33:355-360.
[7]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Takada.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.3.Requirement for niacin[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967b,33:681-685.
[8]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.5.Requirement for folic acid[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967,33:1068-1071.
[9]Aoe H,I.Masuda.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.2.Requirements for p-aminobenzoic acid and inositol[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967,33:674-680.
[10]Dabrowska H,Dabrowski K.Influence of dietary magnesium on mineral,ascorbic acid and glutathione concentrations in tissues of a freshwater fish,the common carp[J].Magnesium and Trace Elements,1990,9:101.
[11]Dabrowski,K.Comparative aspects of protein digestion and amino acid absorption in fish and other animals[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A,1983b,74:416-425.
[12]Geurden I,Radünz-Neto J,Bergot P.Essentiality of dietary phospholipids for carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)larvae[J].Aquaculture,1995,131(3/4):303-314.
[13]Geurden I,Charlon N,Marion D,et al.Influence of purified soybean phospholipids on early development of common carp[J].Aquaculture International,1997,5(2):137-149.
[14]Kashiwada K,S.Teshima,A.Kanazawa.Studies on the production of B vitamins by intestinal bacteria of fish.5.Evidence of the production of B12 by microorganisms in the intestinal canal of carp,Cyprinuscarpio[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1970,36:421-424.
[15]Manjappa K,Keshavanath P,Gangadhara.Growth Performance of Common Carp,Cyprinus Carpio Fed Varying Lipid Levels through Low Protein Diet,with a Note on Carcass Composition and Digestive Enzyme Activity[J].Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria,2002,32(2):145-155.
[16]Mukherjee Sanjukta,Kaviraj Anilava.Evaluation of growth and bioaccumulation of cobalt in different tissues of common carp,cyprinus carpio(actinopterygii:cypriniformes:cyprinidae),fed cobalt-supplemented diets[J].Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria,2009,39(2):87-93.
[17]Nose T.Summary report on the requirements of essential amino acids for carp//Tiews,K.and Halver,J.E.(eds)Finfish Nutrition and Fish feed Technology[J].Heenemann,Berlin,1979:145-156.
[18]Nwanna L C,Kühlwein H,Schwarz F J.Phosphorus requirement of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)based on growth and mineralization[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41:401-410.
[19]Ogino C,Takeda H.Mineral requirements in fish.3.Calcium and phosphorus requirements in carp[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1976,42:793-799.
[20]Ogino C,Yang G.Requirements of carp and rainbow trout for dietary manganese and copper[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1980c,46:455-458.
[21]Ogino C,Saito K.Protein nutrition in fish:The utilization of dietary protein by young carp[J].Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fisher,1970,38:250-254.
[22]Ogino C.Protein requirements of carp and rainbow trout[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1980b,46:385-388.
[23]Ogino C.Requirements of carp and rainbow trout for essential amino acids[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1980a,46:171-175.
[24]Ogino C,Chen M S.Protein nutrition in fish-V.Relation between biological value of dietary proteins and their utilization in carp[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1973,39:955-959.
[25]Ohta M,Watanabe T.Dietary energy budgets in carp[J].Fisheries Science,1996,62:745-753.
[26]Ogino,C.B vitamin requirements of carp.Cyprinuscarpio.1.Deficiency symptoms and requirements of vitamin B5[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1965.31:546-551.
[27]Ogino C B.vitamin requirements of carp.2.Requirements for riboflavin and pantothenic acid[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967,33:351-354.
[28]Ogino C,Yang G Y.Requirement of carp for dietary zinc[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Fish,1979,45:967-969.
[29]Poleksi?Vesna,Stankovi?Marko,Markovi?Zoran,et al.Morphological and physiological evaluation of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.,1758)fed extruded compound feeds containing different fat levels[J].Aquacult.Int.,2014,22:289-298.
[30]Qin Chaobin,Yang Liping,Zheng Wenjia,et al.Effects of dietary glucose and sodium chloride on intestinal glucose absorption of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2018,495:1948-1955.
[31]Radunaneto J,G.Corraze,P.Bergot,et al.Estimation of essential fatty acid requirements of common carp larvae using semipurified diets[J].Arch.Anim.Nutr.,1996,49:41-48.
[32]Satoh S,Izume K,Takeuchi T,et al.Effect of supplemental tricalcium phosphate on zinc and manganese availability to common carp[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1992,58:539-545.
[33]Sakamoto S,Yone Y.Iron-deficiency symptoms of carp[J].Bulletin of the Japanese society of scientific fisheries,1978,44(10):1157-1160.
[34]Satoh S,Takeuchi T,Watanabe T.Availability to carp of manganese in white fish meal and of various manganese compounds[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1987b,53:825-832.
[35]Sabzi Elham,Mohammadiazarm Hamid,Salati Amir Parviz.Effect of dietary L-carnitine and lipid levels on growth performance,blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status in juvenile common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquaculture,2017,480:89-93.
[36]Takeuchi T,T.Watanabe.Requirement of carp for essential fatty acids[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.,1977,43:541-551.
[37]Takeuchi T,Watanabe T,Ogino C.Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for carp[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1979,45:983-987.
[38]Tocher D R,E.A.Bendiksen,P.J.Campbell,et al.The role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of toleost fish[J].Aquaculture,2008,280:21-34.
[39]Takeuchi,L.T.Takeuchi,C.Ogino.Riboflavin requirements in carp and rainbow trout[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1980,46:733-737.
[40]Webster C D,Lim C.Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,2002,214(1/4):419-420.
[41]Watanabe,T.,F.Takashima,C.Ogino,and T.Hibiya.requirements of young carp forα-tocopherol[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1970,36:972-976.
[42]Yoon Tae-Hyun,Won Seung-Gun,Lee Dong-Hoon,et al.Phosphorus Requirement and Optimum Level of Dietary Supplementation with Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate(MgHPO4)Recovered from Swine Manure for Juvenile Carp Cyprinus carpio[J].Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2017,50(2):146-152.
[43]Z?upan Boris,Ljubojevic'Dragana,Pelic'Milos,et al.Common carp response to the different concentration of linseed oil in diet[J].Slov VetRes,2016;53(1):19-28.
[44]曾婷.苯丙氨酸对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[45]单世涛.油脂对鲤鲫鱼生长、血清生化指标及脂质代谢的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[46]董敏.缬氨酸与幼建鲤消化吸收能力,免疫能力以及氧化能力之间的关系[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[47]冯琳.大豆凝集素对鲤鱼肠道上皮细胞增殖分化及其功能的影响[D].雅安.四川农业大学,2010.
[48]冯仁勇.维生素A对幼建鲤消化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[49]高妍,李静辉,方珍珍,等.饲料中糊精水平对乌克兰鳞鲤生长及糖代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(5):1401-1410.
[50]郭黛健,张耀武,易力.L-肉碱对黄河鲤鱼生长性能和肌肉品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(15):3127-3130.
[51]何伟.吡哆醇对幼建鲤消化吸收能力和免疫能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[52]黄慧华.硫胺素对幼建鲤生长性能、消化吸收功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[53]姜维丹.肌醇对幼建鲤消化吸收能力和免疫能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[54]金明昌.幼鲤硒缺乏症及其机制和硒需要量研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2007.
[55]李贵锋,蒋广震,刘文斌,等.不同蛋白质和能量水平对建鲤幼鱼生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(2):225-232.
[56]李晋南,王常安,王连生,等.不同糖及糖水平对松浦镜鲤养殖过程中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):766-776.
[57]李伟.核黄素对幼建鲤生长及消化吸收功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[58]凌娟.铁对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[59]刘扬.维生素C与幼建鲤消化吸收能力及其抗氧化作用关系研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[60]刘扬.幼建鲤维生素C营养需要研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2002.
[61]刘勇.蛋白质对幼建鲤生长性能、消化功能和蛋白质代谢的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[62]罗辉.维生素E对幼建鲤消化功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[63]帅柯.蛋氨酸对幼建鲤消化功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[64]孙金辉,范泽,张美静,等.饲料蛋白水平对鲤幼鱼肝功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].南方水产科学,2017(3):113-119.
[65]谭丽娜.锌对幼建鲤消化吸收能力、免疫能力和抗氧化功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[66]唐凌.色氨酸对幼建鲤消化吸收能力和疾病及其组织器官中TOR表达影响研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[67]王光花.蛋氨酸对幼建鲤肠道菌群、肠道酶活力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2007.
[68]王洋.松浦镜鲤日粮中维生到K添加量的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.
[69]文泽平.泛酸对幼建鲤消化吸收功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[70]伍代勇,朱传忠,杨健,等.饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对鲤鱼生长和饲料利用的影响[J].中国饲料,2010(16):31-35.
[71]伍曦.亮氨酸对幼建鲤生长性能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[72]向阳.烟酸对幼建鲤消化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[73]谢南彬.磷对幼建鲤生长性能、消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[74]许治冲.不同温度下松浦镜鲤幼鱼脂肪需求量的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[75]杨奇慧.不同水平维生素A对幼建鲤免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[76]殷海成,管军军,杨国浩.饲料蛋白水平对黄河鲤与建鲤杂交F1生长影响[J].饲料研究,2012(7):67-69.
[77]尹帅,崔培,程镇燕,等.蛋氨酸铬对鲤血清生化指标和非特异性免疫活性的影响[J].水产科技情报,2017,44(3):113-118.
[78]元江.维生素K对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化状态的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[79]张琼.维生素E对幼建鲤生产性能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2004.
[80]张树明,孙增民,李婧,等.饲料蛋白和油脂水平对鲤生长及代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(7):39-43.
[81]张桐.饲料中添加不同水平维生素D3对松浦镜鲤幼鱼影响的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.
[82]赵波.组氨酸对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[83]赵春蓉.赖氨酸对幼建鲤消化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2005.
[84]赵姝.生物素对幼建鲤消化吸收能力、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[85]赵宇江.饲料高水平铜对草鱼、鲤和黄颡鱼生长和体内铜铁锌影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[86]周继术,曹艳姿,吉红,等.两种油脂水平下DHA添加对鲤生长及脂质代谢的影响[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(1):123-130.
[2]Antony Jesu Prabhu P,Johan W.Schrama,Sadasivam J.Kaushik.Mineral requirements of fish:a systematic review[J].Reviews in Aquaculture,2016(8):172-219.
[3]Arafat Rajab Ahmed.The effect of dietary chromium(III)on growth and carbohydrate utilization in mirror and common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[D].Portland Square:University of Plymouth,2012.
[4]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Requirement of young carp for vitamin A[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1968,34:959-964.
[5]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Water-soluble vitamin requirements for carp.6.Requirements for thiamin and effects of antithiamins[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1969,35:459-465.
[6]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.1.Requirement for vitamin B2[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967a,33:355-360.
[7]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Takada.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.3.Requirement for niacin[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967b,33:681-685.
[8]Aoe H,I.Masuda,T.Saito,et al.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.5.Requirement for folic acid[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967,33:1068-1071.
[9]Aoe H,I.Masuda.Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp.2.Requirements for p-aminobenzoic acid and inositol[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967,33:674-680.
[10]Dabrowska H,Dabrowski K.Influence of dietary magnesium on mineral,ascorbic acid and glutathione concentrations in tissues of a freshwater fish,the common carp[J].Magnesium and Trace Elements,1990,9:101.
[11]Dabrowski,K.Comparative aspects of protein digestion and amino acid absorption in fish and other animals[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A,1983b,74:416-425.
[12]Geurden I,Radünz-Neto J,Bergot P.Essentiality of dietary phospholipids for carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)larvae[J].Aquaculture,1995,131(3/4):303-314.
[13]Geurden I,Charlon N,Marion D,et al.Influence of purified soybean phospholipids on early development of common carp[J].Aquaculture International,1997,5(2):137-149.
[14]Kashiwada K,S.Teshima,A.Kanazawa.Studies on the production of B vitamins by intestinal bacteria of fish.5.Evidence of the production of B12 by microorganisms in the intestinal canal of carp,Cyprinuscarpio[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1970,36:421-424.
[15]Manjappa K,Keshavanath P,Gangadhara.Growth Performance of Common Carp,Cyprinus Carpio Fed Varying Lipid Levels through Low Protein Diet,with a Note on Carcass Composition and Digestive Enzyme Activity[J].Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria,2002,32(2):145-155.
[16]Mukherjee Sanjukta,Kaviraj Anilava.Evaluation of growth and bioaccumulation of cobalt in different tissues of common carp,cyprinus carpio(actinopterygii:cypriniformes:cyprinidae),fed cobalt-supplemented diets[J].Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria,2009,39(2):87-93.
[17]Nose T.Summary report on the requirements of essential amino acids for carp//Tiews,K.and Halver,J.E.(eds)Finfish Nutrition and Fish feed Technology[J].Heenemann,Berlin,1979:145-156.
[18]Nwanna L C,Kühlwein H,Schwarz F J.Phosphorus requirement of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)based on growth and mineralization[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41:401-410.
[19]Ogino C,Takeda H.Mineral requirements in fish.3.Calcium and phosphorus requirements in carp[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1976,42:793-799.
[20]Ogino C,Yang G.Requirements of carp and rainbow trout for dietary manganese and copper[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1980c,46:455-458.
[21]Ogino C,Saito K.Protein nutrition in fish:The utilization of dietary protein by young carp[J].Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fisher,1970,38:250-254.
[22]Ogino C.Protein requirements of carp and rainbow trout[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1980b,46:385-388.
[23]Ogino C.Requirements of carp and rainbow trout for essential amino acids[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1980a,46:171-175.
[24]Ogino C,Chen M S.Protein nutrition in fish-V.Relation between biological value of dietary proteins and their utilization in carp[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1973,39:955-959.
[25]Ohta M,Watanabe T.Dietary energy budgets in carp[J].Fisheries Science,1996,62:745-753.
[26]Ogino,C.B vitamin requirements of carp.Cyprinuscarpio.1.Deficiency symptoms and requirements of vitamin B5[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1965.31:546-551.
[27]Ogino C B.vitamin requirements of carp.2.Requirements for riboflavin and pantothenic acid[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1967,33:351-354.
[28]Ogino C,Yang G Y.Requirement of carp for dietary zinc[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Fish,1979,45:967-969.
[29]Poleksi?Vesna,Stankovi?Marko,Markovi?Zoran,et al.Morphological and physiological evaluation of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.,1758)fed extruded compound feeds containing different fat levels[J].Aquacult.Int.,2014,22:289-298.
[30]Qin Chaobin,Yang Liping,Zheng Wenjia,et al.Effects of dietary glucose and sodium chloride on intestinal glucose absorption of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2018,495:1948-1955.
[31]Radunaneto J,G.Corraze,P.Bergot,et al.Estimation of essential fatty acid requirements of common carp larvae using semipurified diets[J].Arch.Anim.Nutr.,1996,49:41-48.
[32]Satoh S,Izume K,Takeuchi T,et al.Effect of supplemental tricalcium phosphate on zinc and manganese availability to common carp[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1992,58:539-545.
[33]Sakamoto S,Yone Y.Iron-deficiency symptoms of carp[J].Bulletin of the Japanese society of scientific fisheries,1978,44(10):1157-1160.
[34]Satoh S,Takeuchi T,Watanabe T.Availability to carp of manganese in white fish meal and of various manganese compounds[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1987b,53:825-832.
[35]Sabzi Elham,Mohammadiazarm Hamid,Salati Amir Parviz.Effect of dietary L-carnitine and lipid levels on growth performance,blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status in juvenile common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquaculture,2017,480:89-93.
[36]Takeuchi T,T.Watanabe.Requirement of carp for essential fatty acids[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.,1977,43:541-551.
[37]Takeuchi T,Watanabe T,Ogino C.Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for carp[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1979,45:983-987.
[38]Tocher D R,E.A.Bendiksen,P.J.Campbell,et al.The role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of toleost fish[J].Aquaculture,2008,280:21-34.
[39]Takeuchi,L.T.Takeuchi,C.Ogino.Riboflavin requirements in carp and rainbow trout[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1980,46:733-737.
[40]Webster C D,Lim C.Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,2002,214(1/4):419-420.
[41]Watanabe,T.,F.Takashima,C.Ogino,and T.Hibiya.requirements of young carp forα-tocopherol[J].B.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish,1970,36:972-976.
[42]Yoon Tae-Hyun,Won Seung-Gun,Lee Dong-Hoon,et al.Phosphorus Requirement and Optimum Level of Dietary Supplementation with Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate(MgHPO4)Recovered from Swine Manure for Juvenile Carp Cyprinus carpio[J].Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2017,50(2):146-152.
[43]Z?upan Boris,Ljubojevic'Dragana,Pelic'Milos,et al.Common carp response to the different concentration of linseed oil in diet[J].Slov VetRes,2016;53(1):19-28.
[44]曾婷.苯丙氨酸对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[45]单世涛.油脂对鲤鲫鱼生长、血清生化指标及脂质代谢的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[46]董敏.缬氨酸与幼建鲤消化吸收能力,免疫能力以及氧化能力之间的关系[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[47]冯琳.大豆凝集素对鲤鱼肠道上皮细胞增殖分化及其功能的影响[D].雅安.四川农业大学,2010.
[48]冯仁勇.维生素A对幼建鲤消化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[49]高妍,李静辉,方珍珍,等.饲料中糊精水平对乌克兰鳞鲤生长及糖代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(5):1401-1410.
[50]郭黛健,张耀武,易力.L-肉碱对黄河鲤鱼生长性能和肌肉品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(15):3127-3130.
[51]何伟.吡哆醇对幼建鲤消化吸收能力和免疫能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[52]黄慧华.硫胺素对幼建鲤生长性能、消化吸收功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[53]姜维丹.肌醇对幼建鲤消化吸收能力和免疫能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[54]金明昌.幼鲤硒缺乏症及其机制和硒需要量研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2007.
[55]李贵锋,蒋广震,刘文斌,等.不同蛋白质和能量水平对建鲤幼鱼生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(2):225-232.
[56]李晋南,王常安,王连生,等.不同糖及糖水平对松浦镜鲤养殖过程中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):766-776.
[57]李伟.核黄素对幼建鲤生长及消化吸收功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[58]凌娟.铁对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[59]刘扬.维生素C与幼建鲤消化吸收能力及其抗氧化作用关系研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[60]刘扬.幼建鲤维生素C营养需要研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2002.
[61]刘勇.蛋白质对幼建鲤生长性能、消化功能和蛋白质代谢的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[62]罗辉.维生素E对幼建鲤消化功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[63]帅柯.蛋氨酸对幼建鲤消化功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[64]孙金辉,范泽,张美静,等.饲料蛋白水平对鲤幼鱼肝功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].南方水产科学,2017(3):113-119.
[65]谭丽娜.锌对幼建鲤消化吸收能力、免疫能力和抗氧化功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[66]唐凌.色氨酸对幼建鲤消化吸收能力和疾病及其组织器官中TOR表达影响研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[67]王光花.蛋氨酸对幼建鲤肠道菌群、肠道酶活力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2007.
[68]王洋.松浦镜鲤日粮中维生到K添加量的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.
[69]文泽平.泛酸对幼建鲤消化吸收功能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[70]伍代勇,朱传忠,杨健,等.饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对鲤鱼生长和饲料利用的影响[J].中国饲料,2010(16):31-35.
[71]伍曦.亮氨酸对幼建鲤生长性能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[72]向阳.烟酸对幼建鲤消化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[73]谢南彬.磷对幼建鲤生长性能、消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[74]许治冲.不同温度下松浦镜鲤幼鱼脂肪需求量的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[75]杨奇慧.不同水平维生素A对幼建鲤免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[76]殷海成,管军军,杨国浩.饲料蛋白水平对黄河鲤与建鲤杂交F1生长影响[J].饲料研究,2012(7):67-69.
[77]尹帅,崔培,程镇燕,等.蛋氨酸铬对鲤血清生化指标和非特异性免疫活性的影响[J].水产科技情报,2017,44(3):113-118.
[78]元江.维生素K对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、免疫功能和抗氧化状态的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[79]张琼.维生素E对幼建鲤生产性能和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2004.
[80]张树明,孙增民,李婧,等.饲料蛋白和油脂水平对鲤生长及代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(7):39-43.
[81]张桐.饲料中添加不同水平维生素D3对松浦镜鲤幼鱼影响的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.
[82]赵波.组氨酸对幼建鲤消化吸收功能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[83]赵春蓉.赖氨酸对幼建鲤消化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2005.
[84]赵姝.生物素对幼建鲤消化吸收能力、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[85]赵宇江.饲料高水平铜对草鱼、鲤和黄颡鱼生长和体内铜铁锌影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[86]周继术,曹艳姿,吉红,等.两种油脂水平下DHA添加对鲤生长及脂质代谢的影响[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(1):123-130.