基于CFD模拟的高密度街区交通污染物分布
|
摘要
高密度城市街区的空间特征对其内部交通污染物的浓度分布有显著影响.为研究高密度城市街区中交通污染物扩散和分布的影响因素,建立了深圳市某高密度街区的空间模型.以东北、西南偏南两个典型风向上模拟的PM2. 5和氮氧化合物浓度作为交通污染物积累的量化指标,采用计算流体动力学模拟的方法,对室外交通污染物的扩散进行数值模拟.结果表明,道路上的交通污染物浓度明显高于建筑组团内部的;尽管污染物的排放可能会引起街区内某些位置的污染物累积,但城市绿化和城市通风廊道等开放空间可能会促进交通污染物的稀释;建筑物形态以及下冲风对交通污染物的扩散有影响.
The spatial characteristics of high-density urban blocks have a significant impact on the distribution of internal traffic pollutants. In order to study the influencing factors of the accumulation of traffic pollutants in high-density urban blocks,we establish a spatial model of high-density blocks in Shenzhen to simulate the spread of outdoor traffic pollutants by computational fluid dynamics( CFD). The concentrations of PM2. 5 and NOXsimulated in two typical wind directions,northeast and the south-southwest,are assigned as indicators of traffic pollutant accumulation. The results reveal that the concentration of traffic pollutants on the road is significantly higher than that inside the building groups; Although pollutant emission may probably induce pollutant accumulation in some parts of the blocks,the open spaces such as greenbelts and urban ventilating corridors may facilitate the dilution of traffic pollutants. It is also shown that the building shapes and the downward wind also have different impacts on the dilution effect of traffic pollutants.
The spatial characteristics of high-density urban blocks have a significant impact on the distribution of internal traffic pollutants. In order to study the influencing factors of the accumulation of traffic pollutants in high-density urban blocks,we establish a spatial model of high-density blocks in Shenzhen to simulate the spread of outdoor traffic pollutants by computational fluid dynamics( CFD). The concentrations of PM2. 5 and NOXsimulated in two typical wind directions,northeast and the south-southwest,are assigned as indicators of traffic pollutant accumulation. The results reveal that the concentration of traffic pollutants on the road is significantly higher than that inside the building groups; Although pollutant emission may probably induce pollutant accumulation in some parts of the blocks,the open spaces such as greenbelts and urban ventilating corridors may facilitate the dilution of traffic pollutants. It is also shown that the building shapes and the downward wind also have different impacts on the dilution effect of traffic pollutants.
引文
[1]连荣源,董洁霜.机动车辆尾气(CO)污染控制研究[J].交通与运输,2013,7(增刊1):142-144.LIAN Rongyuan,DONG Jieshuang.Study on motor vehicle exhaust pollution(CO)control[J].Traffic&Transportation,2013,7(z1):142-144.(in Chinese)
[2]LI Ning,SIOUTAS C,CHO A,et al.Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2003,111(4):455-460.
[3]WEICHENTHAL S,KULKA R,DUBEAU A,et al.Traffic-related air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and respiratory function in urban cyclists[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2011,119(10):1373-1378.
[4]汪新,McNAMARA A.街道走向对城市交叉路口污染物扩散的影响[J].华中科技大学学报科技版,2006,23(1):13-18.WANG Xin,McNAMARA A.Effects of orientation of street on pollutant dispersion at urban street intersections[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2006,23(1):13-18.(in Chinese)
[5]赵晓辉,张宁,李磊.建筑物影响下大气污染物扩散数值模拟方法的比较[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):1824-1832.ZHAO Xiaohui,ZHANG Ning,LI Lei.Comparison of numerical simulation methods for atmospheric pollutant dispersion under the effect of buildings[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(7):1824-1832.(in Chinese)
[6]丘冶,王媛媛.平屋盖女儿墙防风效果的数值模拟与优化研究[J].山西建筑,2018,44(31):34-36.QIU Ye,WANG Yuanyuan.Numerical simulation and optimization study of the wind effects of parapets on flat roofs[J].Shanxi Architecture,2018,44(31):34-36.(in Chinese)
[7]郭毅,郭俊明,康光宗,等.基于CFD模拟的场地风环境现状分析研究[J].中外建筑,2018,210(10):36-39.GUO Yi,GUO Junming,KANG Guangzong,et al.Analysis of present situation of site wind environment based on CFD simulation[J].Chinese&Overseas Architecture,2018,210(10):36-39.(in Chinese)
[8]王巧雯,汪磊磊.基于室外风环境CFD模拟的住宅小区设计策略[J].新建筑,2018,180(5):69-71.WANG Qiaowen,WANG Leilei.Design strategy of residential quarters based on cfd simulation of outdoor wind environment[J].New Architecture,2018,180(5):69-71.(in Chinese)
[9]BUCCOLIERI R,SANDBERG M,SABATINO S.City breathability and its link to pollutant concentration distribution within urban-like geometries[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(15):1894-1903.
[10]RUBINA R,BERT B,LAURA B,et al.CFD simulation of outdoor ventilation of generic urban configurations with different urban densities and equal and unequal street widths[J].Building and Environment,2015,92(4):152-166.
[11]黄远东,刘泽宇,许璇.建筑物布局对街道交叉口内气流污染物扩散的影响[J].能源研究与信息,2017,33(3):132-137.HUANG Yuandong,LIU Zeyu,XU Xuan.Impact of building arrangement on the airflow and pollutant dispersion in a street intersection[J].Energy Research and Information,2017,33(3):132-137.(in Chinese)
[12]BEATRIZ S,JOSE L,ALBERTO M,et al.Modelling NOxconcentrations through CFD-RANS in an urban hotspot using high resolution traffic emissions and meteorology from a mesoscale model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,163(8):155-165.
[13]孔佑花,张金贵,张少伟,等.河谷型城市风场及污染物扩散的CFD数值仿真[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(3):450-456.KONG Youhua,ZHANG Jingui,ZHANG Shaowei,et al.CFD numerical simulation of wind field and pollutant dispersion in valley cities[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(3):450-456.(in Chinese)
[14]TOMINAGA Y,MOCHIDA A,YOSHIE R,et al.AIJguidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(10/11):1749-1761.
[15]BLOCKEN B.Computational Fluid Dynamics for urban physics:Importance,scales,possibilities,limitations and ten tips and tricks towards accurate and reliable simulations[J].Building and Environment,2015,91(9):219-245.
[16]FRANKE,ANTTI H,HEINKE S,et al.The cost 732best practice guideline for the CFD simulation of flows in the urban environment:a summary[J].International Journal of Environment&Pollution,2011,44(1/2/3/4):419-427.
[2]LI Ning,SIOUTAS C,CHO A,et al.Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2003,111(4):455-460.
[3]WEICHENTHAL S,KULKA R,DUBEAU A,et al.Traffic-related air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and respiratory function in urban cyclists[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2011,119(10):1373-1378.
[4]汪新,McNAMARA A.街道走向对城市交叉路口污染物扩散的影响[J].华中科技大学学报科技版,2006,23(1):13-18.WANG Xin,McNAMARA A.Effects of orientation of street on pollutant dispersion at urban street intersections[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2006,23(1):13-18.(in Chinese)
[5]赵晓辉,张宁,李磊.建筑物影响下大气污染物扩散数值模拟方法的比较[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):1824-1832.ZHAO Xiaohui,ZHANG Ning,LI Lei.Comparison of numerical simulation methods for atmospheric pollutant dispersion under the effect of buildings[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(7):1824-1832.(in Chinese)
[6]丘冶,王媛媛.平屋盖女儿墙防风效果的数值模拟与优化研究[J].山西建筑,2018,44(31):34-36.QIU Ye,WANG Yuanyuan.Numerical simulation and optimization study of the wind effects of parapets on flat roofs[J].Shanxi Architecture,2018,44(31):34-36.(in Chinese)
[7]郭毅,郭俊明,康光宗,等.基于CFD模拟的场地风环境现状分析研究[J].中外建筑,2018,210(10):36-39.GUO Yi,GUO Junming,KANG Guangzong,et al.Analysis of present situation of site wind environment based on CFD simulation[J].Chinese&Overseas Architecture,2018,210(10):36-39.(in Chinese)
[8]王巧雯,汪磊磊.基于室外风环境CFD模拟的住宅小区设计策略[J].新建筑,2018,180(5):69-71.WANG Qiaowen,WANG Leilei.Design strategy of residential quarters based on cfd simulation of outdoor wind environment[J].New Architecture,2018,180(5):69-71.(in Chinese)
[9]BUCCOLIERI R,SANDBERG M,SABATINO S.City breathability and its link to pollutant concentration distribution within urban-like geometries[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(15):1894-1903.
[10]RUBINA R,BERT B,LAURA B,et al.CFD simulation of outdoor ventilation of generic urban configurations with different urban densities and equal and unequal street widths[J].Building and Environment,2015,92(4):152-166.
[11]黄远东,刘泽宇,许璇.建筑物布局对街道交叉口内气流污染物扩散的影响[J].能源研究与信息,2017,33(3):132-137.HUANG Yuandong,LIU Zeyu,XU Xuan.Impact of building arrangement on the airflow and pollutant dispersion in a street intersection[J].Energy Research and Information,2017,33(3):132-137.(in Chinese)
[12]BEATRIZ S,JOSE L,ALBERTO M,et al.Modelling NOxconcentrations through CFD-RANS in an urban hotspot using high resolution traffic emissions and meteorology from a mesoscale model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,163(8):155-165.
[13]孔佑花,张金贵,张少伟,等.河谷型城市风场及污染物扩散的CFD数值仿真[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(3):450-456.KONG Youhua,ZHANG Jingui,ZHANG Shaowei,et al.CFD numerical simulation of wind field and pollutant dispersion in valley cities[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(3):450-456.(in Chinese)
[14]TOMINAGA Y,MOCHIDA A,YOSHIE R,et al.AIJguidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(10/11):1749-1761.
[15]BLOCKEN B.Computational Fluid Dynamics for urban physics:Importance,scales,possibilities,limitations and ten tips and tricks towards accurate and reliable simulations[J].Building and Environment,2015,91(9):219-245.
[16]FRANKE,ANTTI H,HEINKE S,et al.The cost 732best practice guideline for the CFD simulation of flows in the urban environment:a summary[J].International Journal of Environment&Pollution,2011,44(1/2/3/4):419-427.